X-Ray Astronomy: Proceedings of the XV ESLAB Symposium held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 22–26 June 1981

602 Pages·1981·21.53 MB·English

by  Riccardo Giacconi (auth.)

R.D. Andresen E ditor
X-Ray Astronomy
X-RAY ASTRONOMY
X-Ray Astronomy
Proceedings of the XV ESLAB Symposium
held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 22-26 June 1981
Edited by
R. D. ANDRESEN
Space Science Department, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
ERRATUM
X-Ray Astronomy. Proceedings of the XV ESLAB Sym
posium. hcJd in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 22-26 June
198 L Edited by R. D. Andresen.
Please note that the correct Order Ref. No. is
90 277 -9056-3
ISBN 978-94-010-9951-6 ISBN 978-94-010-9949-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-9949-3
Order Ref. No. 90-277-9050-7
All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 1981 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland in 1981
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD Xl
OPENING ADDRESS xiii
SESSION 1 EXTRAGALACTIC ASTRONOMY:
Surveys/Population Studies
R. GIACCONI / X-Ray Astronomy in the Einstein Era 3
P. BIERMANN / An X-Ray Survey of Flat Spectrum Radio Sources 33
M.J.C. HAYES, S.J. BELL BURNELL, J.L. CULHANE, M.J. WARD,
P. BARR, J.C. IVES, and P.W. SANFORD / X-Ray
Emission from Active Galaxies 39
R. HALL, M.J. RICKETTS, C.G. PAGE, and K:A. POUNDS / Ariel-6
Medium Energy Spectral Observations of Active Galaxies 47
D. MACCAGNI and M. TARENGHI / "Einstein" Observations of
BL Lacertae Objects 55
B. MARGON, G. CHANAN, and R. DOHNES / An X-Ray Selected List
of QSOs: Implications for the QSO Luminosity Function
and the Origin of the Diffuse X-Ray Background
(Abstract only) 59
T. MACCACARO, G.C. PEROLA, and M. ELVIS / X-Ray Observations of
Emission Line Galaxies with the Einstein Observatory 61
R.E. GRIFFITHS, T. MACCACARO, S.S. MURRAY, and R. GIACCONI /
Optical Identification of X-Ray Sources in the
Einstein Observatory Medium and Deep Surveys 67
T. MACCACARO, E.D. FEIGELSON, R. GIACCONI, I.M. GIOIA,
R.E. GRIFFITHS, L. LIEBERT, S.S. MURRAY, J. STOCKE,
and G. ZAMORANI / The Einstein Observatory Medium
Sensitivity Survey 75
P. BATTISTINI, F. BONOLI, R. BUONANNO, C. CACCIARI, C.E. CORSI,
and F. FUSI PECCI/On the Properties of 21 X-Ray
Globular Clusters in M31 81
SESSION 2 EXTRAGALACTIC ASTRONOMY:
Characteristics of Individual Galaxies/Theory 85
M.J. REES / Physical Processes for X-Ray Emission in Galactic
Nuclei 87
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. CAVALIERE, L. DANESE, G. DE ZOTTI, and A. FRfu~CESCHINI /
The X-Ray Background 2-50 keY: A Superposition of
Known Sources, or Evidence of a New Component? 101
L. BASSANI, R.C. BUTLER, A.J. DEAN, G. DI COCCO, N.A. DIPPER,
F. PEROTTI, and G. VILLA / NGC 4151 and MCG 8-11-11:
Two X-Ray Seyfert Galaxies with Strong Soft y-Ray
Emission 107
A.C. FABIAN, A.K. KEMBHAVI, and M.J. WARD / The X-Ray Luminosity
Function and Source Counts for Seyferts 113
G.C. PEROLA, A. BOKSENBERG, G.E. BROMAGE, J. CLAVEL, M. ELVIS,
A. ELVIUS, P.M. GONDHALEKAR, J. LIND, C. LLOYD,
M.V. PENSTON, M. PETTINI, M.A.J. SNIJDERS, E.G. TANZI,
M. TARENGHI, M.H. ULRICH, and R.S. WARWICK / Ultraviolet,
Optical and X-Ray Monitoring of the Continuum of
NGC 4151 119
S. TSURUTA, F. TAKAHARA, and S. ICHIMARU / X-Rays from Active
Galactic Nuclei - Hard Component 123
L. MARASCHI, E.G. TANZI, M. TARENGHI, and A. TREVES / Is PKS 2155
an Extragalactic Source? 129
A. FERRARI and E. TRUSSONI / X-Ray Emission from Galactic Jets 135
D.J. HELFAND and K.S. LONG / A Soft X-Ray Study of the Large
Magellanic Cloud (Abstract only) 141
G.G.C. PALUMBO, T. MACCACARO, N. PANAGIA, G. VETTOLANI, and
G. ZAMORANI / A Study of M100 in X-Rays 143
SESSION 3 GALACTIC ASTRONOMY:
Low Luminosity Sources 149
G.S. VAIANA / Low Luminosity Galactic X-Ray Sources 151
G. BELVEDERE and D. HOLTENI / High X-Ray Luminosity from
Dynamo Stars 181
E.H.B.M. GRONENSCHILD, R. ME WE , N.J. WESTERGAARD, J. HEISE,
F.D. SEWARD, T. CHLEBOWSKI, N.P.M. KUIN, A.C. BRINKMAN,
J.H. DIJKSTRA, and H.W. SCHNOPPER / X-Ray Spectroscopic
Investigation of the Coronal Structure of Capella 185
R. ME WE , C.J. SCHRIJVER, and C. ZWAAN / Coronal Activity
in F-, G-, and K-Type Stars 191
R.E. COLE, A.M. CRUISE, J.P. OSBORNE, D. BEDFORD, E. CARPENTER,
C. GOODALL, and A.H.T. POLLOCK / Ariel 6
Observations of the Hot White Dwarf HZ43 201
P. PERSI, M. FERRARI-TONIOLO, and G.L. GRASDALEN / Infrared
Photometry of the X-Ray Stars in Cygnus OB2
(VI Cygni): Preliminary Results 207
F. GIOVANNELLI / Rapid Oscillations in SS Cygni 213
T ABLE OF CONTENTS vii
A. KRUSZElVSKI, R. MElVE, J. HEISE, T. CHLEBOWSKI, lV. VAN DIJK,
and R. BAKKER / Variability of Soft X-Ray Emission of
EX Hydrae Observed with Einstein Observatory 221
L. CHIAPPETTI, L. MARASCHI, E.G. TANZI, and A. TREVES /
UV Observations of MV Lyrae 231
R. VIOTTI, A. GIANGRANDE, A. CASSATELLA, and F. MACCHETTO /
Ultraviolet Observations of the X-Ray Sources in
the Eta Carinae Nebula 235
SESSION 4 GALACTIC ASTRONOMY:
SNR and Other Galactic Sources 241
R.D. ANDRESEN, G. MANZO, A. PEACOCK, B.G. TAYLOR, R.C. CATURA,
J.L. CULHANE, and R. BERTHELSDORF / Cosmic X-Ray
Observations Performed with a Gas Scintillation
Spectrometer 243
E. PFEFFERMANN, B. ASCHENBACH, H. BRAUNINGER, and J. TRUMPER /
X-Ray Images of the Supernova Remnant Puppis A 251
R. ROCCHIA, M. ARNAUD, C. BLONDEL, C. CHERON, J.C. CHRISTY,
R. DUCROS, 1. KOCH, R. ROTHENFLUG, H.h1. SCHNOPPER,
and J.P. DELVAILLE / Spectral Observation of the Soft
X-Ray Background and of the North Polar Spur with Solid
State Spectrometers 253
K. MAKISHlMA, Y. OGAWARA, M. MATSUOKA, M. ODA, S. MIYAMOTO,
R.M. PELLING, L.E. PETERSON, and lV.S. PACIESAS /
Hard X-Ray Structure of the Crab Nebula 259
D.J. HELFAND, R.H. BECKER, and R. NOVICK / On Synchrotron
Nebulae and Pulsars (Abstract only) 263
K. NOMOTO and S. TSURUTA / Cooling of Neutron Stars and
X-Ray Observations 265
L. BIANCHI/First UV Observations of the Optical Counterpart
of the X-Ray Source 2S0114+650 273
G. BRANDUARDI-RAYMONT, R. CORBET, A.N. PARMAR, P.G. MURDIN,
and K.O. MASON / Optical Observations of the X-Ray
Source 2S0921-630 279
L. CHIAPPETTI, L. MARASCHI, E.G. TANZI, and A. TREVES /
Ultraviolet Study of V1341 Cyg = Cyg X-2.
Observation of an Accretion Disk 287
M.G. WATSON, R. WILLINGALE, J.E. GRINDLAY, and P. HERTZ /
Einstein Observations of the Galactic Centre 293
P.A. CARAVEO, G.F. BIGNAMI, J.A. PAUL, B. MARANO, and
G.P. VETTOLANI / Soft X-Ray Sources and Their
Optical Counterparts in the Error Box of the Cos-B
Source 2CG 135+01 301
viii T ABLE OF CONTENTS
SESSION 5 GALACTIC ASTRONOMY:
High Luminosity Sources, Low-Mass Binaries
and Theory 307
E.P.J. VAN DEN HEUVEL / X-Ray Binaries and Stellar Evolution
(Abstract only) 309
R. STAUBERT, E. KENDZIORRA, W. PIETSCH, R.J. PROCTOR, C. REPPIN,
H. STEINLE, J. TRtiMPER, and W. VOGES / Hard X-Ray
Balloon Observations of Compact Galactic and
Extragalactic X-Ray Sources 31 I
A. SCHEEPMAKER, F.A. JANSEN, A.J.~. DEERENBERG, G.R. RICKER,
J.E. BALLINTINE, J.V. VALLERGA, and W.H.G. LEWIN /
High Energy X-Ray Spectrum of Her X-I (Abstract only) 325
P. UBERTINI, A. BAZZANO, C. LA PADULA, V.F. POLCARO, G. VIALETTO,
and R.K. MANCHANDA / Hard X-Rays Observation of Her X-I 327
P. UBERTINI, A. BAZZANO, C. LA PADULA, and V.F. POLCARO /
New Hard X-Rays Sources at 380 Declination 331
S. CECCHINI, A.J. EVANS, R. LIEU, and J.J. QUENBY / Models for
Accretion Flow on to Neutron Stars and X-Ray
Photon-Electron Interactions in Ultra-High Magnetic
Fields (Abstract only) 335
G. WUNNER, H. RUDER, H. HEROLD, and J. TRtiMPER / Observability
of Magnetically Strongly Shifted Iron Line Emission
from X-Ray Pulsars 337
Y.-M. WANG / Magnetic Alignment and Counter-Alignment in
Binary X-Ray Pulsars 341
A.M.T. POLLOCK, C.V. GOODALL, G.F. CARPENTER, D.K. BEDFORD,
A.M. CRUISE, R.E. COLE, J.P. OSBORNE, and J.L. CULHANE /
Ariel VI Observations of Sco X-I 347
T.J. PONMAN / Periodic Behaviour in Three Galactic Bulge Sources 353
J. VAN PARADIJS and F. VERBUNT / Optical Properties of
Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries 361
C. CHEVALIER and S.A. ILOVAISKY / New Optical Observations of
2S 0921-630 and Its Relation to Other X-Ray Binaries 365
SESSION 6 GALACTIC ASTRONOMY:
High Luminosity Sources/Transients 367
C.G. PAGE, A.J. BENNETTS, and M.J. RICKETTS / Ariel 6
Observations of Cyg X-I in the High State 369
D.K. BEDFORD, G.F. CARPENTER, C.V. GOODALL, A.ri.T. POLLOCK,
R.E. COLE, A.M. CRUISE, and J.P. OSBORNE / Ariel VI
Soft X-Ray Observations of Cygnus X-I 373
F. FRONTERA and F. FULIGNI / Power Spectral Density Analysis
of Hard X-Ray Emission of Cyg X-I 379
T ABLE OF CONTENTS ix
S. BONAZZOLA / Search for Fast Time Fluctuations In Cygnus-XI
and Herculis-XI 385
L. CHIAPPETTI and S.J. BELL-BURNELL / X-Ray Absorption In
Circinus X-I in the Low State 389
F. NAGASE / Time Variation of the Pulse Period of Vela X-I 395
M.J. RICKETTS, R. HALL, C.G. PAGE, and K.A. POUNDS / Observation
of an Outburst from the X-Ray Pulsator 0115+63 399
C. CHEVALIER, S.A. ILOVAISKY, C. MOTCH, M. PAKULL, J. LUB,
and J. VAN PARADIJS / The Optical Light Curve of
LMC X-4 and the 30-Day X-Ray Period 405
F. GIOVANNELLI, M. FERRARI-TONIOLO, A. GIANGRANDE, P. PERSI,
C. BARTOLINI, A. GUARNIERI, and A. PICCIONI /
Ultraviolet and Optical Observations of HDE 245770/
A 0535+26 System During an X-Ray Flare 407
S.A. ILOVAISKY, C. CHEVALIER, and C. MOTCH / Recent Optical
Observations of the X-Ray Pulsar 4U 1626-67 415
M. VAN DER KLIS, and J.M. BONNET-BIDAUD / Cos-B X-Ray
Observations of Cyg X-3; An Indication for Apsidal
Motion 419
P.A. CHARLES, L. BOOTH, R.H. DENSHAM, J.R. THORSTENSEN, and
A.J. WILLIS / An Optical Outburst from the Periodic
Recurrent X-Ray Transient A0533-66 423
P. MURDIN, G. BRANDUARDI-RATI10NT, and A.N. PARMAR / The X-Ray
Source A0538-66 in Optical Quiescence 433
G.K. SKINNER / The Periodic X-Ray Transient A0538-66 and Its
Optical Counterpart 441
L. CHIAPPETTI / Ariel 5 Observations of GX 339-4 447
SESSION 7 GALACTIC ASTRONOMY:
Bursts 451
S. HAYAKAWA / Highlights of Results from Hakucho 453
I.M. McHARDY and J.P. PYE / The Ariel V Sky Survey of
Fast-Transient X-Ray Outbursts 457
R.S. WARWICK, M.G. WATSON, and M.R. SIMS / Periodic X-Ray
Outbursts from A0535+26, 2S1145-619 and GX301-2 461
G. PIZZICHINI, J. DANZIGER, P. GROSB0L, M. TARENGHI, T.L. CLINE,
D.D. DESAI, R. MUSHOTSKY, B.J. TEEGARDEN, W.D. EVANS,
R.W. KLEBESADEL, J.G. LAROS, C. BARAT, K. HURLEY,
M. NIEL, G. VEDRENNE, I.V. ESTULIN, G. MERSOV,
V. ZENCHENKO, and V. KURT / X-Ray and Optical Observations
of the November 19, 1978 Gamma-Ray Burst Source Region 467
S. BONAZZOLA, J.M. HAMEURY, J. HEYVAERTS, and J. VENTURA /
Are y-Ray Bursters Neutron Stars Accreting Interstellar
Matter? 471
x T ABLE OF CONTENTS
C. MOTCH, S.A. ILOVAISKY, and C. CHEVALIER / Discovery of
Rapid Optical Variability in GX 339-4 475
SESSION 8 EXOSAT 471
B.G. TAYLOR, R.D. ANDRESEN, A. PEACOCK, and R. ZOBL /
The EXOSAT Mission 479
P.A.J. DE KORTE, J.A.M. BLEEKER, A.J.F. DEN BOGGENDE,
G. BRANDUARDI-RAYMONT, A.C. BRINKMAN, J.L. CULHANE,
E.H.B.M. GRONENSCHILD, I. MASON, and S.P. McKECHNIE /
The X-Ray Imaging Telescopes on EXOSAT 495
M.J.L. TURNER, A. SMITH, and H.U. ZIMMERMANN / The Medium
Energy Instrument on EXOSAT 513
A. PEACOCK, R.D. ANDRESEN, G. MANZO, B.G. TAYLOR, G. VILLA,
S. RE, J.C. IVES, and S. KELLOCK / The Gas Scintillation
Proportional Counter on EXOSAT 525
SESSION 9 FUTURE PROGRAMMES:
Instrumental Techniques 535
J.L. CULHANE / X-Ray Astronomy in the Future 537
Y. TANAKA / Future Programme of X-Ray Astronomy ~n Japan 565
B. ASCHENBACH, H. BRAUNINGER, U. BRIEL, W. BRINKMANN, H. FINK,
N. HEINECKE, H. HIPPMANN, G. KETTENRING, G. METZNER,
A. ONDRUSCH, E. PFEFFERMANN, P. PREDEHL, G. REGER,
K.-H. STEPHAN, J. TRliMPER, and H.U. ZIMMERMANN /
The ROSAT Mission 569
M. GREHING, G. KRAMER, E. SCHULZ-LUPERTZ, C. WULF-MATHIES,
S. BOWYER, and R. KIMBLE / Development of a lm-Normal-
Incidence-EUV Telescope 575
J.L. CULHANE, R.C. CATURA, K.A. POUNDS, P. DE KORTE, A. FRANKS,
G.P. GARMIRE, A. FABIAN, and B. MARGON / The Use of
Diamond Turned & Replicated Wolter I Telescopes for
High Sensitivity X-Ray Astronomy 581
J. DAVELAAR, A. PEACOCK, B.G. TAYLOR, and J.A.M. BLEEKER /
The Capabilities of a Gas Scintillation Camera for
Cosmic X-Ray Astronomy 591
A.P. WILLMORE, G.K. SKINNER, C.J. EYLES, and B. RAMSEY /
A Pseudo Random Mask Telescope for Spacelab 601
H.W. SCHNOPPER, L. KOCH, M. CANTIN, B. MOUGIN, R. ROCCHIA,
R.F. BERTHELSDORF, and J.L. CULHANE / Spherical
Crystal Cosmic X-Ray Spectrometer 607
W.K.H. SCHMIDT / Wide Angle X-Ray Optics for Use in Astronomy 615
E.P.J. VAN DEN HEUVEL / X-Ray Binaries and Stellar Evolution 623