Wyoming historic trails

2004·4.3 MB·English

Connor Battlefield
Lovell
A Indian Powell
imit Monument George Crooks
Camp
Nez Perce Escape
Wayside Exhibit
.-Fort Phil
Kearney
GreybullT^T
Buffalo
Jim Bridger Trail
Historic Marker
Crazy Woman
Battlefield
Worland
y Jim Bridger Trail
Historic Marker
Cantonment
Fort Reno A Reno
r c Wright
Dull Knife Fight Site
[Kaycee
Duboii
Midwest
Boysen
Reservoir
/
..
I Shoshoni
• Ocean
'Lake
Astorians Waltman
.yf r ■ i > Taji Crossing Red Buttes
r \ (/~Fort Washakie Battleground
Upper tS e n j ' f Riverton^;
River Render vhus ^V,-.
Reshaw
Fort Bonneville Bridge
Pinedale Glenrock
-migrant Gap
Fort Thompson/
Lander 'Casper
Camp McGravy.
Fort Caspar
Avenue of Rocks
Father Pierre
New Fori
DeSmet Site — Willow Springs
Crossing Bessemer Bern
Prospect (Ryan) Hill^
6th Horse Creek
Crossing Independence
. Rock
ajithTass Cityz^'
Big Piney Miners Delight
Buckskin ^.-Atlantic City'
Crossing-
Pacific Springs‘s Ice Slough
South Pass Overlook
Sun Ranch/
Plume |*ock- Sweelwatet^ • # # Rocky Ridge
Lucinda B. Martins Cove
Dry ^findw y
Wright Grave Willies Handcart Disaster
.^Swales
Twin Mounds
South BaifOil
Pass J
Little Sandy Crossing Oregon Buttes
Names Hill
Big Sandy False Parting
Crossing ^ of the Ways
? Simpsons
Gulch >
Parting of the
Ways
Johnson a
Scout Rock^^,
Green River Ferry Fort Fred Medicine Bow
Steele
Rawlins
Granger Stage
Point of Frocks
X Station
Bridger Pass
Point of Rocks Station Rock Creek
f^outh Pass...Gateway to the West
Staring the 1800s, Wyoming became the focus for American expansion commerce to the Pacific Northwest, a road that would come to be known as the
into the trans-Mississippi west, Robert Stuart’s discovery of South Pass in famed “Oregon Trail.” Thousands of westbound pioneers would follow their
October 1812, gave hope that a practical overland route to the Pacific (the route tracks in subsequent years.
Lewis and Clark searched for but failed to find) did exist. People of the Mormon faith joined the westward emigration in 1847.
When Stuart and his band of Astorians returned to St. Louis in the They turned southwest after crossing South Pass and headed for the valley of the
spring of 1813, a newspaper report stated, “By information received from these Great Salt Lake. In 1849, a flood tide of humanity poured through the great South
gentlemen, it appears that a journey across the continent of North America might Pass as the Forty-niners went rip-roaring to the gold fields of California. Some
be performed by wagon, there being no obstruction on the whole route ...” But 150,000 pioneers went west between the years of 1849 and 1852.
Stuart wasn’t really sure where he had been. Ten more years would slip by before By the mid-1850s, stage coaches and freight wagons were regular
another party of explorers would re-discover the Pass he had found. users of the Oregon, Mormon and California trails, rolling both east and west
By 1824, South Pass was in annual use by mountain men and trappers through South Pass. For 18 months in 1860-61, the riders of the Pony Express
engaged in the Rocky Mountain Fur Trade. Soon trappers discovered connections transcontinental mail service thundered through the pass on an incredible schedule
that linked South Pass with the Snake and Columbia rivers and with the Hudson’s covering 2,000 miles from St. Joseph, Missouri, to San Francisco, California, in
Bay Company holdings of the Pacific Northwest. 10 days or less.
The first organized emigrant wagon train left the United States at the Historians estimate that some 500,000 pioneers “went westering” along
Missouri River in 1841 and rolled west through South Pass. The Bidwell- the South Pass trail system before the great overland wagon train migrations
Bartleson Party was headed for a new life in California. They made it all the came to a halt with the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869. About
way, but were forced to abandon their wagons in the Great Basin Desert. Another 80,000 were headed for the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Some 70,000 Mormons
wagon train had a similar experience in 1842, although pathfinder John C, had the Great Salt Lake region as their destination. Most of the remaining
Fremont, who explored and mapped the South Pass route that same year, declared 350,000 were bound for California with just a few headed for intermediate
it safe for overland travel. destinations. Of those that started the journey, one in 10 would not complete it.
The following spring, Marcus Whitman organized an emigrating party Thousands would die along the way, mostly from accidents, cholera and other
of nearly 1,000 men, women and children into a huge wagon train consisting of diseases. Some would simply “see the elephant” and turn back.
120 covered wagons and several thousand head of livestock and headed for the South Pass has been designated a National Historic Landmark as a lasting
Columbia River, some 2,000 miles and six months distant. The “Great Migration tribute to its historical importance and significance to the settlement of the West.
Sundance of 1843” succeeded, officially opening a road of emigration, settlement and
Keyhole
Reservoir*
Historic Site Sublette Cutoff Stagecoach and
(color indicates corresponding trail) Freight Roads
Slate Creek Cutoff
Oregon Trail Overland Trail
Mormon Pioneer Trail Kinney Cutoff Nez Perce Trail
Oregon/Mormon Pioneer/California/Pony • ••••• Dempsey-Hockaday Cutoff
The Texas Trail
Express Trails (all trails follow roughly the same route)
• Ham’s Fork Cutoff
Mormon Pioneer/California/Pony Express Trails Bozeman Trail
1849 Cherokee Trail (approximate route)
Child’s Cutoff Bridger Trail
Lander Trail 1850 Cherokee Trail (approximate route)
Seminoe Cutoff Cheyenne Deadwood Stage Route
I inch equals approximately 12 miles
PUBLIC ACCESS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Because of the intermingled land ownership patterns across Wyoming, access to public lands can, in For more information about historic trails on public lands in Wyoming, please contact:
some cases, be difficult. Public lands should be accessed by way of public roads or on routes having Bureau of Land Management /Wyoming State Office
public easements. Some public lands have no public access and can only be reached with the 5353 Yellowstone Road, P.O. Box 1828, Cheyenne, WY 82003, [phone]
permission of the private landowner. The BLM has developed a series of 1:100,000 land status Internet address: www.blm.gov/wy
maps that cover the entire state of Wyoming. These maps include land status, road and topographic National Historic Trails Interpretive Center
features. The maps are available at any BLM office for a fee. 1501 North Poplar, Casper, WY 82601, [phone]
Internet address: www.blm.gov/wy/st/en/NHTIC.html
Unless noted, all photos and cover courtesy of Randall K. Wagner, The Wagner Perspective.
88069286
WYOMING
Hat Creek
Monumeifi
George Lat
Monument
Douglas
Mother
Featherlegs
Monument;
L
Olendo
Jteservoir
bureau of land management UBMW
SeRFEOERAL CENTER
Guernsey.
lesen’o^J
oSerSoRADO 80225
Fort \
Laramie
Bridge
Oregon
Trail Ruts
Torrington
L Fort Laramie
itland 'Old Bedlam
‘Register Cliff
Chugwater Division NATIONAL
Stage Station m
Chugwater PUBLIC LANDS;
Rock '
Springs
Green Rivei
Church
Butte^
Dug Springs
Station Fort LaCIede Stage Station
Stage Station
Lake Hattie
Mountain \
sVi ewx Buckboard
Crossing
Fort
Supply
l Ashley s
(?141 Rendezvous
Wyoming’s Great Historic Trails (1840-1900)
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Willow Spring. County road, State land, not Saints Church Interpretive Site. Private land, not marked.
marked.
t^he Bozeman Trail - 1864-1868: Fort Phil Kearney State Historic Site - ^heyenne-Deadwood Stage Road - 1876-1887: 0Witx Significant Trails:
John Bozeman pioneered this route to gold Established to protect traffic on the Bozeman This trail tells the story of gold-laden Concord The Texas Trail
camps in western Montana. The Bozeman Trail in 1866. Hated by the Sioux, Cheyenne stagecoaches rocking wildly on leather through- Along this trail passed the greatest migration
Trail became the most hated of all the western and Arapahoe, it was the focus of many braces, pulled at top speed by perfectly matched of men and cattle from Texas to replace the fast
emigration trails because the route violated the battles. The fort was abandoned and burned six-horse teams. Of outlaws hidden along the vanishing buffalo in Wyoming and Montana.
cherished hunting grounds of the Sioux. Red in 1868. State Outdoor and Indoor road, willing to do anything to get the gold. Of Used from 1876 to 1897, the Texas Trail entered
Cloud and his allies vowed that no white man Interpretive Center, state fees. Sioux warriors gathering on the ridges, angered Wyoming where the town of Pine Bluffs
should invade this territory. The battles fought Fetterman Fight Site - An impressive at white man’s intrusion into their sacred Black now sits. It extended north through eastern
along this trail were the most violent, frequent monument marks the place where a troop of Hills. Of Wyatt Earp as shotgun messenger, Wyoming on a line parallel to today’s U.S.
and devastating of any during the Plains 81 officers, enlisted men and civilians were George Lathrop as driver with Wild Bill Hickok, 85, connecting to the current 1-90 corridor at
Indian Wars. The brief history of the “Bloody ambushed and killed by warriors under the Calamity Jane and Buffalo Bill as passengers. Of Moorcroft, then up the Little Powder River and
Bozeman” ended in 1868 when the Army command of Red Cloud on December 21, the U.S. Calvary charging across the prairie to into Montana. Much of the trail paralleled the
abandoned Fort Phil Keamy, the trail’s chief 1866. Interpretive signs and trail, fees protect the coaches and cargo. It was a clash of Cheyenne-Deadwood Stage Route. Most of the
outpost of protection. charged. cultures and values that could only have happened early herds passed through Wyoming and were
The actual route of the Bozeman Trail is not Wagon Box Fight Site - A small wood¬ in Wyoming. used to establish Montana’s ranching industry,
well marked, although numerous monuments gathering party held off 800 attacking Indians The Cheyenne-Deadwood Road is marked by but cattlemen soon recognized the value of
and informative signs are located at places by using the Army’s new rapid fire Springfield monuments and information signs at intersections Wyoming’s grasslands and started ranches here.
where the trail intersects modem public rifles. Interpretive signs and markers. with public roads. Most of the actual trail is on The Outlaw Trail:
roadways. Much of the trail is located on General Crook’s Camp - Headquarters for private land, but much of the route is paralleled The Wyoming section (not located on the
private land. Crook’s 1876 campaign against the Plains by improved county and state roads. map) of the Outlaw Trail was used from the late
i Fort Fetterman State Historic Site - Last Indian tribes. Interpretive sign. Cheyenne-Fort Laramie-Deadwood Trail - 1800s through 1900. The trail was used by the
outpost on the Bozeman Trail and used as a Connor Battlefield State Historic Site - Monument marks the start of the famous stage “Wild Bunch," a group of notorious outlaw's
staging post for the Plains Indian Wars. General Patrick Connor led the Powder River route that connected the railroad in Cheyenne including Butch Cassidy and his gang, as well
Summer season only, free. Expedition into an 1865 battle against an with the gold mines in the Black Hills. as many others. The Outlaw Trail entered
Cantonment Reno - The second fort on Araphoe village at this site. Interpretive Chugwater Division Stage Station - southwestern Wyoming near Rock Springs,
|z Perce Trail - 1877: &lie Overland Trail - 1862-1869: Powder River, used from 1876-1878 during signs. Monument marks the site of a major stage extended through the Hole-in-the-Wall near
rimer and fall of 1877 were punctuated Ben Holladay established this new trail the Great Sioux War. Moved north in 1878 Sawyer Fight Site - Colonel J.A. Sawyer’s station on the Cheyenne-Deadwood Stage Kaycee, north past Sheridan and into Montana.
ks of bloody battles and clashes through Bridger Pass as a shorter, safer route and renamed Fort McKinney. Bozeman Trail road building crew fought Route. The Outlaw Trail was more a series of linear
I a band of Nez Perce, who refused to for his Overland Stages that had previously Fort Reno - The first of several forts built with Arapahoe for 13 days in 1865. Highway Fort Laramie Bridge - The 1875 iron bridge destinations than an actual trail route.
I federal government reservation treaty, been operating along the Oregon Trail system along the Bozeman Trail in 1865. Abandoned interpretive sign. over the North Platte River became a vital
IJ.S. Army, bent on forcing them back through South Pass. This southern Wyoming when the Treaty of 1868 granted rights to the link in the Cheyenne-Deadwood Stage Road. | ^ther Significant Historical Sites:
bregon reservation. The chase covered trail required some road construction and the region to the Plains Indian tribes. County It was the first bridge of its kind constructed Ashley's 1825 Rendezvous - The First Rocky
lies crossing Yellowstone National Park building of a series of stations and water supply road monument. west of the Missouri River. Mountain Rendezvous was held during June
Ihwest Wyoming. The Nez Perce were systems along the way. Some emigrant parties Dull Knife Fight Site - The final battle in George Lathrop Monument - Monument in and July 1825. One hundred twenty trappers
L leadership of Chiefs Looking Glass, Reenactment of riding the Bridger Trail also made use of the Overland Trail. General Crook’s 1876 campaign to revenge memory of a veteran stagecoach driver and gathered to barter furs at Burnt Fork. Among
t and Joseph at various times during the The Overland Trail is not well marked. The Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Indian fighter. Also an information sign on those assembled were some most colorful
Ibattle. Chief Joseph finally surrendered e^?agecoach and Freight Roads - 1869-1900s: trail is mostly on private land east of the North Monument on private land, interpretive sign the Cheyenne-Deadwood Stage Road. characters. Roadside information sign.
jiat the Nez Perce “...would fight no With the completion of the Union Pacific Platte River. Public lands start to dominate the on the highway. Hat Creek Monument - Marker and Granger (Hams Fork) Stage Station State
lever.” Railroad across southern Wyoming in 1869, a route in westerm Wyoming. information sign near the site of Fort Hat Historic Site - Restored ruins of a stage station
lation signs in Yellowstone National series of stage and freight wagon roads were Rock Creek Station - A main stage station on Creek on the Cheyenne-Deadwood Trail. located at the point where the Overland Trail
I on Dead Indian Hill mark the Nez developed to serve fledgling communities to the the Overland Trail. Some buildings still Mother Featherlegs Monument - A famous joined the older Oregon-Mormon-Califomia
rail. State Highway 296 has been north. Two of these roads, the Bryan-South Pass exist. Private land, marker on the county roadhouse madam was robbed and murdered trail system. Interpretive signs, buildings not
l designated the Chief Joseph Scenic Road and the Point of Rocks-South Pass City road. here by Dangerous Dick Davis, also known open to the public.
Road, were established to serve the boom town Bridger Pass Station - Site of a station located as “The Terrapin.” Fort Fred Steele State Historic Site - Built in
Idian Summit Monument - Chief of South Pass City that sprang to life following on the Overland Trail near Bridger’s Pass, the Canyon Springs Stage Station - Site of the 1868 to protect the crews building the Union
I led the Nez Perce through this pass gold discoveries along the upper Sweetwater crossing of the Continental Divide. Fori Bridger only successful robbery of a stagecoach on Pacific Railroad at the point where the tracks
It of the mountains during his strategic region in 1867. Soon a new stage road, the Dug Springs Stage Station - Ruins of a stage the Cheyenne-Deadwood Trail. Three men cross the North Platte River. Closed in
■ensive retreat in 1877. Rawlins-Fort Washakie Stage Road, was station along the Overland Trail. BLM land, Bridger Trail - 1864-1900s: died and two were wounded by gunfire. winter, free.
Ice Escape Wayside Exhibit - A group developed to serve the headquarters of the Wind remote location. This road was intended to be a safe and $140,000 was stolen. Expedition Island - John Wesley Powell
I Perce, fleeing from U.S. troops under River Indian Reservation. Fort LaClede Stage Station - Ruins of a stage Pacific Bulles acceptable alternative to the Bozeman Trail, launched his epic expedition to explore and
jnmand of General Oliver Howard, The stage roads are located mostly on BLM station along die Overland Trail. BLM land, connecting the Oregon Trail at Fort Caspar map the Green and Colorado rivers and the
jl Yellowstone National Park en route public lands but are not marked or well mapped. remote location. Crazy Woman Battlefield - On July 20. 1866, with the gold fields in western Montana via Grand Canyon from this place in May, 1869.
pda in 1877. | Fort Thompson/Camp McGraw - Established Black Buttes Stage Station - Ruins of a stage a small detachment of soldiers was attacked a route west of the Big Horn Mountains. Interpretive site and sign in Green River
in 1857 as the winter quarters for the crew station along the Overland Trail. County by a band of Sioux. Jim Bridget led a troop Mountain man Jim Bridger established the Island Park.
Lerokee Trails - 1849-1850: building the Lander Road, a cutoff of the road. of 200 soldiers from Fort Keamey to the route under contract with the Army Corps of Father Pierre DeSmet Site - The first Roman
Int parties that included members of Oregon-Califomia Trail. Highway marker Point of Rocks Stage Station - Restored ruins rescue. County road monument. Engineers. The trail did see some emigrant and Catholic Mass in the Rocky Mountains was
lokee Nation journeyed to California in and interpretive sign. for a station on the Overland Trail that was Fort McKinney - Established on the Powder freight wagon use but became more important conducted by Father DeSmet during the fur
vvo years of the Gold Rush. Starting Sopth Pass City State Historic Site - A ghost later used as a freight and stagecoach River crossing of the Bozeman Trail in 1878. later as Wyoming settlers started to move into trade’s Green River Rendezvous in 1840.
l Oklahoma, they blazed the first town from the gold boom of 1867 which was departure point for the South Pass gold mines. Now the Wyoming Soldiers and Sailors the Bighorn Basin. County road, roadside shrine/monument.
ails through the Rocky Mountains that once the largest city in Wyoming. Open year- Interpretive sign. Home. Highway interpretive sign. The Bridger Trail is not marked and is still Upper Green River Rendezvous - Six fur
le South Pass. They pioneered routes round, but most buildings close in winter, Rock Springs Stage Station - Site of a Portugee Phillips Monument - John not well known. Much of the trail west of trade rendezvous’ were held in the region
[e Laramie Plains and the Red Desert state fees. stagecoach station on the Overland Trail. “Portugee” Phillips rode 236 miles in four Casper crosses BLM public lands. Once in the between 1833 and 1840. At Trappers Point
paralleling Interstate 80, connecting Atlantic City - Another town that grew from Monument in the town of Rock Springs. days through blizzards and sub-zero Bighorn Basin, most of the trail is on private Interpretive Site.
Oregon-Califomia Trail in western the South Pass gold rush. Still an active town Green River Stage Station - Location of an temperatures to seek reinforcements from land. Fort Bonneville - Site of a fur trading post
Ig. Some combination of the Cherokee with some services available year round. Overland Trail stage station and ferry boat Fort Laramie following the Feiterman Waltman Crossing - A site on the Bridger erected by Captain Benjamin Bonneville in
|ould be used to create Ben Holladay’s Miner’s Delight - The ruins of a mining camp service across the Green River. Monument Massacre near Fort Phil Kearney. Roadside Trail from Fort Caspar to the gold fields in 1832. Roadside information sign.
d Trail in 1862. in the South Pass/Sweetwater Gold Mining in the town of Green River. monument. western Montana. Highway Rest Area and Astorians Campsite - A site used by the
lard Crossing - The location where the District. BLM land and interpretive sign, interpretive sign. Re-enactment on the trail near Fort Laramie westbound Astorians in 1811 on their journey
: Trail crossed the Green River, remote location. Jim Bridger Trail Historic Marker - On to the Pacific and used again by Robert Stuart
j within the Flaming Gorge National Fort Washakie - The military Fort Brown was Bridger’s route to the western Montana gold and returning Astorians in October 1812.
Ition Area. renamed in honor of the Shoshone Chief in fields. This trail was an alternative to the Roadside information sign.
1878. Headquarters of the Wind River Indian “Bloody Bozeman’’ on the east side of the
Reservation and hub of early central Big Horn Mountains. BLM land, public road.
Wyoming stage and wagon roads. Original BLMAVY/GI-04/039+1220+ REV 10
buildings, markers and information signs.