WT/TPR/M/366/Add.1 26 April 2018 (18-2631) Page: 1/154 Trade Policy Review Body 14 and 16 ...

154 Pages·2017·1.24 MB·English

WT/TPR/M/366/Add.1

26 April 2018
(18-2631) Page: 1/154
Trade Policy Review Body Original: English/Spanish
14 and 16 February 2018 anglais/espagnol
inglés/español

TRADE POLICY REVIEW
MALAYSIA
MINUTES OF THE MEETING
Addendum
Chairperson: H.E. Mr. Juan Carlos González (Colombia)
This document contains the advance written questions and additional questions by WTO
Members, and replies provided by Malaysia.1

Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales
14 et 16 février 2018
EXAMEN DES POLITIQUES COMMERCIALES
MALAISIE
COMPTE RENDU DE LA RÉUNION
Addendum
Président: S.E. M. Juan Carlos González (Colombie)
Le présent document contient les questions écrites communiquées à l'avance par les
Membres de l'OMC, leurs questions additionnelles, et les réponses fournies par Malaisie.1

Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales
14 y 16 de febrero de 2018
EXAMEN DE LAS POLÍTICAS COMERCIALES
MALASIA
ACTA DE LA REUNIÓN
Addendum
Presidente: Excmo. Sr. Juan Carlos González (Colombia)
En el presente documento figuran las preguntas presentadas anticipadamente por escrito y
las preguntas adicionales de los Miembros de la OMC, así como las respuestas facilitadas por
Malasia.1

1 In English and Spanish only./En anglais et espagnol seulement./En inglés y español solamente.
WT/TPR/M/366/Add.1

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CHILE ............................................................................................................................... 3
MÉXICO ............................................................................................................................ 6
FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS FROM MEXICO........................................................................... 9
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM ................................................................................................... 10
THE EUROPEAN UNION .................................................................................................. 11
FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION ................................................. 30
ECUADOR ....................................................................................................................... 40
UKRAINE ........................................................................................................................ 44
THE UNITED STATES ...................................................................................................... 58
FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES ..................................................... 67
NEW ZEALAND ............................................................................................................... 68
CHINESE TAIPEI ............................................................................................................ 72
SINGAPORE .................................................................................................................... 80
AUSTRALIA .................................................................................................................... 85
OMAN ............................................................................................................................. 92
HONG KONG, CHINA ....................................................................................................... 93
SWITZERLAND ............................................................................................................... 97
FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS FROM SWITZERLAND ............................................................ 102
NORWAY ...................................................................................................................... 103
COSTA RICA ................................................................................................................. 104
COLOMBIA ................................................................................................................... 105
ARGENTINA .................................................................................................................. 108
BRAZIL ......................................................................................................................... 110
THAILAND .................................................................................................................... 116
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FROM THAILAND (I) ............................................................ 120
ADDITIONAL QUESTION FROM THAILAND (II) ............................................................ 122
INDONESIA .................................................................................................................. 123
FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS FROM INDONESIA ................................................................. 127
INDIA .......................................................................................................................... 132
JAPAN .......................................................................................................................... 134
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA ....................................................................................... 138
CANADA ....................................................................................................................... 142
REPUBLIC OF KOREA .................................................................................................... 146
CHINA .......................................................................................................................... 147
FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS FROM CHINA ......................................................................... 154
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CHILE
1.3 Developments in Trade and Investment
1.3.1 Trends and patterns in merchandise and services trade
Paragraph 1.29, p. 18-19
“As an extremely open and diverse economy that is well integrated into regional and global value
chains, Malaysia is dependent on trade. Trade in goods and services, as a proportion of GDP, was
nearly 130% in 2016. After peaking at over RM 113 billion in 2014, the trade in goods surplus
declined to RM 101 billion in 2016. The decline was due to weak global demand and the fall in
global commodity prices. On the other hand, the services deficit doubled during the review period
mainly on the back of increased usage of foreign professional services.”
Question: Paragraph 1.29 indicates that the services declined during the review period mainly on
the back of increased usage of foreign professional services. In relation to this, Chile kindly asks
Malaysia to further explain the reasons observed for this preference in the usage of foreign
professional services, and if any measure has been undertaken by the government in order to
correct this problem.
Answer:
Malaysia has autonomously liberalized the services sector in 2009 and 2012 in order to enhance
domestic competitiveness and promote FDIs. Professional services sub-sectors that have been
liberalized include architectural, engineering, quantity surveying and accounting.
Malaysia welcomes foreign professionals in these sectors to complement our local talents.
The involvement of foreign professionals, particularly in technical and engineering services were
mainly in investment-related and major construction activities. With FDI, MNCs tend to second
their managers and technical executives in Malaysia to ensure business efficiency and to increase
capacity building of local professionals through technology and knowledge transfer. The use of
foreign professionals in construction sector is concentrated to highly specialised operations which
local expertise is currently lacking.
At the same time, the Government will also continue to build local capacity to ensure sufficient
supply of quality professionals.
2.3 Trade Agreements and Arrangements
2.3.1 WTO
Paragraph 2.27, p. 27:
“Malaysia has submitted notifications to the WTO in a number of areas (Table 2.2). However, as at
May 2017, notifications were outstanding in the areas of: agriculture (domestic support);
quantitative restrictions; and customs valuation. It has not yet notified its MFN tariffs for 2016, nor
has it submitted import data for 2015. It has not notified "any new, or any changes to existing
laws, regulations or administrative guidelines which significantly affect trade in services", which it
is obliged to notify under Article III:3 of the GATS.”
Question: Paragraph 2.27 indicates that Malaysia has not made any notification pursuant to Article
III:3 of the GATS. In relation to this, Chile would be thankful if Malaysia could inform of any news,
or changes to existing laws, regulations or administrative guidelines, that significantly affects trade
in services.
Answer:
Malaysia is committed to fulfill its obligations under all WTO agreements and will continue to take
measures to meet notification obligations.
The Government had liberalised the services sector in 2009 by removing or reducing restrictions
on foreign equity participation in 27 sub-sectors. These include health and social services, tourism
services, transport services, business services and computer and related services. In 2012,
Malaysia had further liberalised 18 sub-sectors comprising telecommunications, healthcare,
professional services, environmental services, distribution trade services, education services and
courier services.
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In 2015, the Services Sector Blueprint and the Logistics and Trade Facilitation Masterplan were
launched. The Services Sector Blueprint outlines three strategic shifts to a more knowledge-
intensive and innovation-led sector, an accelerated integrated sectoral governance reform and
expedite internationalisation of products and services. The Logistics and Trade Facilitation
Masterplan with a total of 21 action plans, focuses on improving the productivity and
competitiveness of the logistics industry.
Further information on Malaysia’s initiatives in the services sector is accessible at
http://www.miti.gov.my/index.php/pages/view/4218?mid=566.
Regarding the section 3.3.2 “Standards and other technical requirements” (pages 62-64), Chile
would be thankful if Malaysia could reply to the following points:
- Does Malaysia conduct regulatory impact assessments of its technical regulations and conformity
assessment procedures? In the case of an affirmative answer, those regulatory impact
assessments are performed in a centralized manner, or is a responsibility of each regulatory
agency?
Answer:
In Malaysia, the Regulatory Impact Assessments (RIA) is conducted in a centralized manner. Each
regulatory agency is required to notify Malaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC) prior to any
development of new/revised regulations/conformity assessment procedures. This is based on the
National Policy on the Development and Implementation of Regulations (NPDIR), which was
launched on 15 July 2015 by the Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia. MPC will
determine the necessity of RIA for each regulation. Should RIA be required, the regulatory agency
needs to submit the result of RIA to MPC for verification before gazetting it. Further information is
accessible at:
 http://www.mpc.gov.my/good-regulatory-practice-grp/;
 http://grp.mpc.gov.my.
- Does Malaysia publish – online - all its technical regulations and conformity assessment
procedures? If that is not the case, is it possible to find that information online on Malaysia´s
regulatory agencies websites?
Answer:
All Acts and regulations are accessible online:
 http://www.federalgazette.agc.gov.my/;
 http://www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/index.php?r=portal2/lom&menu_id=b21XYmExVUhFO
E4wempZdE1vNUVKdz09.
It is also possible to find the details of the relevant conformity assessment procedures on the
relevant regulatory agency’s website.
- Does Malaysia develop an internal coordination mechanism with its regulatory agencies?
Answer:
MPC acts as the coordinator to integrate RIA into rule making process. For more information, visit
http://grp.mpc.gov.my.
- Regarding this topic of “Standards and other technical requirements”, does Malaysia develop a
coordination with the private sector?
Answer:
Department of Standards Malaysia as the coordinating body for standards related issues in
Malaysia undertakes coordination with the private sector through various platforms in 2 stages:
i. Standards development stage; and
ii. Technical regulations development stage.
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4.3.2 Financial services
Paragraph 4.103, p. 110:
“All banking licences are granted by the Minister of Finance, based upon recommendations made
by the BNM. As already mentioned, licences granted to all banks are subject to prudential and best
interest of Malaysia criteria. All banking institutions must be locally incorporated in Malaysia. The
requirement also applies to Islamic banks, with the exception of international Islamic banks (which
may be established either as a locally incorporated company or a branch). Locally incorporated
foreign-owned commercial banks are allowed to establish up to eight branches and ten
microfinance branches.”
Question: Paragraph 4.103 states that licences granted to all banks are subject to prudential and
best interest of Malaysia criteria. In relation to this, Chile would be thankful if Malaysia would
further explain in detail the criteria of “Prudential and best interest of Malaysia”, and what specific
elements are taken into account.
Answer:
The criteria and prudential requirements for licensing are published. Please refer to Section 11 and
Schedule 5 of the Financial Services Act (FSA) and Islamic Financial Services Act (IFSA) at:
http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=59&pg=160&ac=221&bb=file and
http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=59&pg=160&ac=222&bb=file.
Based on the FSA and IFSA, prudential requirements shall take into consideration:
a. the character and integrity of the applicant or, if the applicant is a body corporate, its
reputation for being operated in a manner that is consistent with the standards of good
governance and integrity;
b. the business of the person to be authorised is not detrimental to the interests of its
future depositors, policy owners, participants, users or the public generally;
c. the soundness and feasibility of the plans of the applicant for the future conduct and
development of the business of the person to be authorised;
d. the nature and sufficiency of the financial resources of the applicant as a source of
continuing financial support for the person to be authorised;
e. the business record and experience of the applicant; and
f. the person to be authorised will be operated responsibly by persons with the competence
and experience suitable for involvement in the operation of the person to be authorised.
Whether the application will be in the best interest of Malaysia (BIOM), assessments will be made
having regard to:
a. the effect of the investment on the level and nature of economic activity in Malaysia,
including the effect on productivity, efficiency and quality of financial services;
b. the contribution towards enhancing international trade and investment linkages between
Malaysia and other countries;
c. the effect of the investment on the stability of the financial system, including on conduct
and behaviours that could pose a risk to the financial system; and
d. the degree and significance of participation of Malaysians in the financial sector.
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MÉXICO
PARTE I: PREGUNTAS EN RELACIÓN CON EL INFORME DE LA SECRETARÍA DE LA OMC
(WT/TPR/S/366)
2 REGÍMENES DE COMERCIO E INVERSIÓN; 2.3 Acuerdos y arreglos comerciales; 2.3.1
OMC:
Página 29, (con relación al párrafo 2.27)
Malasia ha presentado notificaciones a la OMC en varias esferas (cuadro 2.2). Sin embargo, en
mayo de 2017, tenía notificaciones pendientes en las siguientes esferas: agricultura (ayuda
interna); restricciones cuantitativas; y valoración en aduana. Todavía no ha notificado sus
aranceles NMF para 2016, ni tampoco ha presentado los datos de importación correspondientes a
2015. Además no ha notificado "nuevas leyes, reglamentos o directrices administrativas que
afecten significativamente al comercio de servicios", como es su obligación en virtud del párrafo 3
del artículo III del AGCS.
Pregunta 1:
1. El Informe de la Secretaría de la OMC menciona el estado que guardan las notificaciones de
Malasia a mayo de 2017. ¿Podría Malasia proporcionar una actualización sobre el estado que
guardan sus notificaciones a enero o febrero de 2018?
Answer:
Malaysia has been more consistent in submitting notifications and will continue to update
outstanding notifications. Updates on notifications are as follows:
 submitted the notification on MFN tariffs for 2016 and 2017 in April 2017;
 submitted import data for 2015 and 2016 in August 2017. However, Malaysia will resubmit the
data by the first half 2018 after rectifying the error as notified by the Secretariat; and
 submitted notification on customs valuation on 18 January 2018.
On services, Malaysia has undertaken various reforms exercises which include autonomous
liberalization of 27 and 18 sub-sectors in 2009 and 2012 respectively.
In 2015, Malaysia has also launched:
 Services Sector Blueprint to enhance the potential of services sector and transform it to
become more knowledge intensive and innovation-led; and
 Logistics and Trade Facilitation Masterplan to improve the productivity and competitiveness of
the logistics industry.
Malaysia will submit notifications on improvements made in the services sector progressively.
3 POLÍTICAS Y PRÁCTICAS COMERCIALES, POR MEDIDAS;
3.2 Medidas que afectan directamente a las exportaciones;
3.2.4 Apoyo y promoción de las exportaciones;
3.2.4.1 Apoyo a la exportación:
Página 58 (con relación al párrafo 3.57)
Malasia ha brindado apoyo a los exportadores en forma de exención del impuesto sobre la renta
imponible, sobre la base del valor del incremento de las exportaciones:
 Las empresas manufactureras o las que se dedican a la producción de frutas frescas y secas,
flores frescas y secas, plantas ornamentales y peces ornamentales han gozado de una
exención fiscal sobre la renta imponible equivalente al 10% del valor del incremento de las
exportaciones.
 Las empresas manufactureras tenían derecho a una exención del impuesto sobre la renta
imponible equivalente al 10% o al 15% del valor del incremento de las exportaciones,
siempre que las mercancías exportadas tuvieran por lo menos un 30% o un 50% de valor
añadido, respectivamente.
 Las empresas manufactureras de propiedad nacional, con un capital social malasio del 60%
como mínimo, podían optar a una exención del impuesto sobre su renta imponible
equivalente al 30% del valor del incremento de sus exportaciones, siempre que se lograra
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un aumento significativo de dichas exportaciones; esta tasa se elevaba al 50% cuando la
empresa lograba penetrar en mercados nuevos, y la exención era total si lograba el mayor
aumento de las exportaciones en su categoría.
 Se otorgaba una exención sobre el 70% del impuesto sobre la renta imponible equivalente al
50% del valor del incremento de las exportaciones a las empresas de determinados sectores
de servicios, a saber, servicios jurídicos, contabilidad, arquitectura, comercialización,
asesoramiento de empresas, gestión de obras, gestión de edificios, servicios de oficina,
atención de salud, enseñanza, plantación, gestión, servicios editoriales, tecnología de la
información y las comunicaciones, ingeniería, imprenta y franquicias locales.
Pregunta 2:
2. ¿De qué manera considera Malasia que sus medidas de exenciones fiscales en función al
incremento de de sus exportaciones de mercancías son compatibles con el Acuerdo sobre
Subvenciones y Medidas Compensatorias?
Answer:
The measures are part of the initiatives to encourage manufacturing companies incorporated in
Malaysia including SMEs to move up the value chain, adding greater value to the products and be
more active in international trade. Malaysia is committed to fulfill its obligations under all WTO
Agreements, including the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM).
PARTE II: PREGUNTAS EN RELACIÓN CON EL INFORME DEL GOBIERNO DE MALASIA
(WT/TPR/G/366)
2 DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO; 2.1 Panorama general; Política de salarios mínimos.
Página 7 del Informe de Malasia (con relación al párrafo 2.30)
Para lograr sus objetivos, la política se complementa con medidas de mejora de la productividad,
como la formación de trabajadores con competencias avanzadas, la mejora de la calidad de la
enseñanza y la facilitación de la inversión en automatización y tecnologías avanzadas.
Pregunta 3:
3. ¿Podría Malasia dar detalles sobre sus medidas para mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza y
facilitar la inversión en la automatización y tecnologías avanzadas?
Answer:
Malaysia is currently developing a comprehensive work plan to address the overall issues of
technical and vocational education and training (TVET) to generate skilled workforce that meets
the demand and supply of the industry. The outline of the TVET Masterplan include:
i. streamlining the facilities/ equipment among existing TVET institutions;
ii. reviewing and strengthening the curriculum and programs that meet the demands/ needs of
the industry;
iii. re-skilling / up-skilling existing TVET instructors to be competent and up to date with the
current technology; and
iv. incorporating current economic and technology landscape, including the Fourth Industrial
Revolution.
3 EVOLUCIÓN DE LA POLÍTICA COMERCIAL; 3.2 Iniciativas para facilitar el comercio; Plan de
Productividad de Malasia:
Página 9 del Informe de Malasia (con relación al párrafo 3.9, inciso iii)
En el marco del Plan, se han identificado seis prioridades inmediatas clave para acelerar el
aumento de la productividad. Esas seis prioridades inmediatas son las siguientes: […]
iii. reforzar la digitalización de las pymes mediante el comercio electrónico y la adopción de
tecnologías innovadoras;
Pregunta 4:
4. Cuál es la posición de Malasia en las discusiones de Comercio Electrónico que se llevan a
cabo en la OMC?
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Answer:
Malaysia is supportive of the discussion on Electronic Commerce that is taking place at the WTO.
Electronic Commerce is one of the focus areas for Malaysia. It is imperative to advance electronic
commerce work in the WTO to enhance the benefits of electronic commerce for businesses and
consumers internationally.
As a co-sponsor of the paper on e-commerce and development, Malaysia is of the view that the
WTO should be the platform for Members to deliberate and discuss e-commerce. Areas that can be
looked at include trade facilitation and e-commerce, infrastructure gaps to enable e-commerce,
access to payment solutions and online security.
6 OTRAS POLÍTICAS INTERNAS; 6.5 El comercio electrónico y la economía digital en
Malasia:
Página 35 del Informe de Malasia (con relación al párrafo 6.13)
El objetivo del programa de comercio electrónico en Malasia es doble: i) preparar a las empresas
para el futuro, lo que incluye incorporar aproximadamente al 80% de las pymes al mundo del
comercio electrónico y garantizar su capacidad para mantenerse al día en un mercado en línea
destinado a crecer mucho más rápido que las ventas en los mercados físicos; y ii) ampliar el
acceso al mercado más allá de los 16 millones de clientes digitales que existen en Malasia para
competir por los más de 87 millones de clientes digitales de la región de la ASEAN y, en última
instancia, los 1.000 millones de clientes digitales de todo el mundo. Teniendo esto presente, en la
hoja de ruta estratégica sobre el comercio electrónico se describe la actuación del Gobierno,
basada en unas infraestructuras asequibles y de calidad y un marco de gestión propicio, en seis
ejes principales. Estos seis ejes son los siguientes: acelerar el uso del comercio electrónico por los
vendedores; aumentar la contratación en línea por las empresas; eliminar los obstáculos no
arancelarios, por ejemplo en el ámbito de la prestación de servicios integrales de venta a través
del comercio electrónico, el comercio transfronterizo, los pagos electrónicos y la protección del
consumidor; reestructurar los incentivos económicos existentes; hacer inversiones estratégicas en
determinados agentes de comercio electrónico; y promover la marca nacional para impulsar el
comercio electrónico transfronterizo. En el corto plazo, se ha otorgado prioridad a un total de 13
programas en los seis ejes descritos con objeto de generar resultados importantes en el sector. La
aplicación de estos programas corre a cargo de 10 Ministerios y organismos públicos, y su
supervisión es responsabilidad del Consejo Nacional de Comercio Electrónico.
Pregunta 5:
Malasia menciona que en la hoja de ruta estratégica sobre el comercio electrónico se describe la
actuación del Gobierno en seis ejes principales. Uno de esos ejes consiste en hacer inversiones
estratégicas en determinados agentes de comercio electrónico. ¿De qué manera se asegura
Malasia de no discriminar a los agentes de comercio electrónico al momento de hacer inversiones
estratégicas?
Answer:
In order to increase national e-commerce adoption and increase the multiplier benefits to the
country, strategic investments need to be made in selected eCommerce player(s), especially in
those operating in key parts of the value chain for e-commerce. Nevertheless, at this juncture, the
Government of Malaysia does not make any direct investment in e-commerce players.
Malaysia adopts a non-discriminatory approach in implementing this objective. Investment
promotion authorities in Malaysia will continue to engage and attract potential investments in e-
commerce.
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FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS FROM MEXICO
PARTE I: PREGUNTAS EN RELACIÓN CON EL INFORME DE LA SECRETARÍA
3. POLÍTICAS Y PRÁCTICAS COMERCIALES, POR MEDIDAS; 3.2 Medidas que afectan directamente
a las exportaciones; 3.2.4 Apoyo y promoción de las exportaciones; 3.2.4.1 Apoyo a la
exportación:
Página 58 (párrafo 3.57)
3.57. Malasia ha brindado apoyo a los exportadores en forma de exención del impuesto sobre la
renta imponible, sobre la base del valor del incremento de las exportaciones:
a. Las empresas manufactureras o las que se dedican a la producción de frutas frescas y
secas, flores frescas y secas, plantas ornamentales y peces ornamentales han gozado de
una exención fiscal sobre la renta imponible equivalente al 10% del valor del incremento
de las exportaciones.
b. Las empresas manufactureras tenían derecho a una exención del impuesto sobre la
renta imponible equivalente al 10% o al 15% del valor del incremento de las
exportaciones, siempre que las mercancías exportadas tuvieran por lo menos un 30% o
un 50% de valor añadido, respectivamente.
c. Las empresas manufactureras de propiedad nacional, con un capital social malasio del
60% como mínimo, podían optar a una exención del impuesto sobre su renta imponible
equivalente al 30% del valor del incremento de sus exportaciones, siempre que se
lograra un aumento significativo de dichas exportaciones; esta tasa se elevaba al 50%
cuando la empresa lograba penetrar en mercados nuevos, y la exención era total si
lograba el mayor aumento de las exportaciones en su categoría.
d. Se otorgaba una exención sobre el 70% del impuesto sobre la renta imponible
equivalente al 50% del valor del incremento de las exportaciones a las empresas de
determinados sectores de servicios, a saber, servicios jurídicos, contabilidad,
arquitectura, comercialización, asesoramiento de empresas, gestión de obras, gestión de
edificios, servicios de oficina, atención de salud, enseñanza, plantación, gestión,
servicios editoriales, tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones, ingeniería,
imprenta y franquicias locales.
Preguntas 6 y 7:
6. ¿Podría Malasia indicar el periodo de vigencia de las exenciones mencionadas en los incisos
a, b, c y d?
Answer:
Information on the period of validity of the exemptions mentioned in subparagraphs a, b, c and d
can be accessed at https://incentives.mida.gov.my/Incentives/Modules/Public/IncentiveList.aspx.
The company can only claim on the year of assessment where the company fulfills all the criteria.
7. Según se indica en el párrafo 3.57, las exenciones que se indican en los incisos a, b, c y d se
otorgan en porcentajes del valor del incremento de las exportaciones, ¿podría Malasia
aclarar cuál es la base de referencia con la que se determina dicho incremento? (p. ej. el año
anterior, semestre anterior).
Answer:
The baseline for determining the increased value is the export sales of the company for the
preceding year.
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BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Referring to Secretariat Report Para 2.23. In May 2015, Malaysia became the fifth Member to
ratify the Trade Facilitation Agreement; before that, in July 2014, it notified the Preparatory
Committee that Malaysia had designated all provisions under Category A, except Article 7.8
(Expedited Shipments) and Article 11.9 (Advance filing and processing of transit documentation
and data prior to the arrival of goods).
Brunei seeks further information as to whether Malaysia would be notifying the remaining Article
7.8 and Article 11.9 in the first quarter of 2018?
Answer:
WTO Secretariat has published Malaysia’s commitment for Category B on 24 November 2017.