Writing and Script: A Very Short Introduction PDF
Preview Writing and Script: A Very Short Introduction
WritingandScript:AVeryShortIntroduction VERYSHORTINTRODUCTIONSareforanyonewantingastimulating andaccessiblewayintoanewsubject.Theyarewrittenbyexperts,and havebeenpublishedinmorethan25languagesworldwide. Theseriesbeganin1995,andnowrepresentsawidevarietyoftopicsin history,philosophy,religion,science,andthehumanities.TheVSIlibrary nowcontainsover200volumes—aVeryShortIntroductiontoeverything fromancientEgyptandIndianphilosophytoconceptualartand cosmology—andwillcontinuetogrowtoalibraryofaround300titles. VeryShortIntroductionsavailablenow: AFRICANHISTORY CHRISTIANART BethWilliamson JohnParkerandRichardRathbone CHRISTIANITY LindaWoodhead AMERICANPOLITICALPARTIES CITIZENSHIP RichardBellamy ANDELECTIONS L.SandyMaisel CLASSICALMYTHOLOGY THEAMERICANPRESIDENCY HelenMorales CharlesO.Jones CLASSICS ANARCHISM ColinWard MaryBeardandJohnHenderson ANCIENTEGYPT IanShaw CLAUSEWITZ MichaelHoward ANCIENTPHILOSOPHY JuliaAnnas THECOLDWAR RobertMcMahon ANCIENTWARFARE CONSCIOUSNESS SusanBlackmore HarrySidebottom CONTEMPORARYART ANGLICANISM MarkChapman JulianStallabrass THEANGLO-SAXONAGE JohnBlair CONTINENTALPHILOSOPHY ANIMALRIGHTS DavidDeGrazia SimonCritchley ANTISEMITISM StevenBeller COSMOLOGY PeterColes TheAPOCRYPHALGOSPELS THECRUSADES ChristopherTyerman PaulFoster CRYPTOGRAPHY ARCHAEOLOGY PaulBahn FredPiperandSeanMurphy ARCHITECTURE AndrewBallantyne DADAANDSURREALISM ARISTOTLE JonathanBarnes DavidHopkins ARTHISTORY DanaArnold DARWIN JonathanHoward ARTTHEORY CynthiaFreeland THEDEADSEASCROLLS ATHEISM JulianBaggini TimothyLim AUGUSTINE HenryChadwick DEMOCRACY BernardCrick AUTISM UtaFrith DESCARTES TomSorell BARTHES JonathanCuller DESIGN JohnHeskett BESTSELLERS JohnSutherland DINOSAURS DavidNorman THEBIBLE JohnRiches DOCUMENTARYFILM BIOGRAPHY HermioneLee PatriciaAufderheide THEBRAIN MichaelO’Shea DREAMING J.AllanHobson BRITISHPOLITICS AnthonyWright DRUGS LeslieIversen BUDDHA MichaelCarrithers THEEARTH MartinRedfern BUDDHISM DamienKeown ECONOMICS ParthaDasgupta BUDDHISTETHICS DamienKeown EGYPTIANMYTH GeraldinePinch CAPITALISM JamesFulcher EIGHTEENTH-CENTURYBRITAIN CATHOLICISM GeraldO’Collins PaulLangford THECELTS BarryCunliffe THEELEMENTS PhilipBall CHAOS LeonardSmith EMOTION DylanEvans CHOICETHEORY MichaelAllingham EMPIRE StephenHowe ENGELS TerrellCarver INDIANPHILOSOPHY SueHamilton ETHICS SimonBlackburn INTELLIGENCE IanJ.Deary THEEUROPEANUNION INTERNATIONALMIGRATION JohnPinderandSimonUsherwood KhalidKoser EVOLUTION INTERNATIONALRELATIONS BrianandDeborahCharlesworth PaulWilkinson EXISTENTIALISM ThomasFlynn ISLAM MaliseRuthven FASCISM KevinPassmore JOURNALISM IanHargreaves FEMINISM MargaretWalters JUDAISM NormanSolomon THEFIRSTWORLDWAR JUNG AnthonyStevens MichaelHoward KABBALAH JosephDan FOSSILS KeithThomson KAFKA RitchieRobertson FOUCAULT GaryGutting KANT RogerScruton FREEWILL ThomasPink KIERKEGAARD PatrickGardiner FREESPEECH NigelWarburton THEKORAN MichaelCook THEFRENCHREVOLUTION LAW RaymondWacks WilliamDoyle LINCOLN AllenC.Guelzo FREUD AnthonyStorr LINGUISTICS PeterMatthews FUNDAMENTALISM MaliseRuthven LITERARYTHEORY JonathanCuller GALAXIES JohnGribbin LOCKE JohnDunn GALILEO StillmanDrake LOGIC GrahamPriest GAMETHEORY KenBinmore MACHIAVELLI QuentinSkinner GANDHI BhikhuParekh THEMARQUISDESADE GEOGRAPHY JohnPhillips JohnMatthewsandDavidHerbert MARX PeterSinger GEOPOLITICS KlausDodds MATHEMATICS TimothyGowers GERMANLITERATURE THEMEANINGOFLIFE NicholasBoyle TerryEagleton GLOBALCATASTROPHES MEDICALETHICS TonyHope BillMcGuire MEDIEVALBRITAIN GLOBALWARMING MarkMaslin JohnGillinghamandRalphA.Griffiths GLOBALIZATION ManfredSteger MEMORY JonathanK.Foster THEGREATDEPRESSIONANDTHE MODERNART DavidCottington NEWDEAL EricRauchway MODERNCHINA RanaMitter HABERMAS JamesGordonFinlayson MODERNIRELAND SeniaPaˇseta HEGEL PeterSinger MODERNJAPAN HEIDEGGER MichaelInwood ChristopherGoto-Jones HIEROGLYPHS PenelopeWilson MOLECULES PhilipBall HINDUISM KimKnott MORMONISM HISTORY JohnH.Arnold RichardLymanBushman THEHISTORYOFASTRONOMY MUSIC NicholasCook MichaelHoskin MYTH RobertA.Segal THEHISTORYOFLIFE MichaelBenton NATIONALISM StevenGrosby THEHISTORYOFMEDICINE NELSONMANDELA EllekeBoehmer WilliamBynum THENEWTESTAMENTAS THEHISTORYOFTIME LITERATURE KyleKeefer LeofrancHolford-Strevens NEWTON RobertIliffe HIV/AIDS AlanWhiteside NIETZSCHE MichaelTanner HOBBES RichardTuck NINETEENTH-CENTURYBRITAIN HUMANEVOLUTION BernardWood ChristopherHarvieand HUMANRIGHTS AndrewClapham H.C.G.Matthew HUME A.J.Ayer NORTHERNIRELAND IDEOLOGY MichaelFreeden MarcMulholland NOTHING FrankClose THERUSSIANREVOLUTION NUCLEARWEAPONS S.A.Smith JosephM.Siracusa SCHIZOPHRENIA THEOLDTESTAMENT ChrisFrithandEveJohnstone MichaelD.Coogan SCHOPENHAUER PARTICLEPHYSICS FrankClose ChristopherJanaway PAUL E.P.Sanders SCIENCEANDRELIGION PHILOSOPHY EdwardCraig ThomasDixon PHILOSOPHYOFLAW SCOTLAND RabHouston RaymondWacks SEXUALITY Ve´roniqueMottier PHILOSOPHYOFSCIENCE SHAKESPEARE GermaineGreer SamirOkasha SIKHISM EleanorNesbitt PHOTOGRAPHY SteveEdwards SOCIALANDCULTURAL PLATO JuliaAnnas ANTHROPOLOGY POLITICALPHILOSOPHY JohnMonaghanandPeterJust DavidMiller SOCIALISM MichaelNewman POLITICS KennethMinogue SOCIOLOGY SteveBruce POSTCOLONIALISM RobertYoung SOCRATES C.C.W.Taylor POSTMODERNISM Christopher TheSOVIETUNION Butler StephenLovell POSTSTRUCTURALISM THESPANISHCIVILWAR CatherineBelsey HelenGraham PREHISTORY ChrisGosden SPINOZA RogerScruton PRESOCRATICPHILOSOPHY STATISTICS DavidJ.Hand CatherineOsborne STUARTBRITAIN JohnMorrill PSYCHIATRY TomBurns SUPERCONDUCTIVITY PSYCHOLOGY StephenBlundell GillianButlerandFredaMcManus TERRORISM CharlesTownshend THEQUAKERS PinkDandelion THEOLOGY DavidF.Ford QUANTUMTHEORY TRAGEDY AdrianPoole JohnPolkinghorne THETUDORS JohnGuy RACISM AliRattansi TWENTIETH-CENTURYBRITAIN RELATIVITY RussellStannard KennethO.Morgan RELIGIONINAMERICA TimothyBeal THEUNITEDNATIONS THERENAISSANCE JerryBrotton JussiM.Hanhim¨aki RENAISSANCEART THEVIKINGS JulianRichards GeraldineA.Johnson WITTGENSTEIN A.C.Grayling ROMANBRITAIN PeterSalway WORLDMUSIC PhilipBohlman THEROMANEMPIRE ChristopherKelly THEWORLDTRADE ROUSSEAU RobertWokler ORGANIZATION AmritaNarlikar RUSSELL A.C.Grayling WRITINGANDSCRIPT RUSSIANLITERATURE CatrionaKelly AndrewRobinson Availablesoon: Puritanism FrancisJ.Bremer ThomasAquinas FergusKerr Communism LeslieHolmes TheReformation PeterMarshall Fashion RebeccaArnold Deserts NickMiddleton Formoreinformationvisitourwebsite www.oup.co.uk/general/vsi/ Andrew Robinson Writing and script A Very Short Introduction 3 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork #AndrewRobinson2009 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2009 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Dataavailable TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritainby AshfordColourPressLtd,Gosport,Hampshire ISBN 978–0–19–956778–2 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Contents Acknowledgements ix Listofillustrations xi 1 Writinganditsemergence 1 2 Developmentanddiffusionofwriting 17 3 Disappearanceofscripts 36 4 Deciphermentandundecipheredscripts 52 5 Howwritingsystemswork 74 6 Alphabets 92 7 ChineseandJapanesewriting 110 8 Scribesandmaterials 123 9 Writinggoeselectronic 135 Chronology 145 Furtherreading 149 Index 153 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements ThisisthefourthbookIhavewrittenonwritingandscripts.The firstwasahighlyillustratedsurveyofthesubject,thesecondwas onundecipheredscripts,andthethirdwasabiographyofMichael Ventris,whodecipheredEurope’searliestreadablewriting, LinearB.IhavealsowrittenabiographyofthepolymathThomas Young,akeyfigureinthedeciphermentoftheRosettaStoneand Egyptianhieroglyphic. Ontheway,Ihaveaccumulatedmanydebtstocurrentspecialists inthevariousscripts,whofreelygavemeadvice.Someoftheir expertknowledgehasfounditswayintothissmallbook.Although theyhadnothingdirectlytodowithit,Iwouldparticularlyliketo recallthehelpofJohnBaines,JohnBennet,LarissaBonfante,the lateJohnChadwick,MichaelCoe,RobertEnglund,JacquesGuy, StephenHouston,KimJuwon,OliverMoore,TomPalaima,Asko Parpola,andJ.MarshallUnger. ItisapleasuretothankAndreaKeegan,LathaMenon,andKeira DickinsonofOxfordUniversityPress.
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