Wrestling with God This page intentionally left blank Wrestling with God Jewish Theological Responses during and after the Holocaust General Editor Steven T. Katz Associate Editors Shlomo Biderman Gershon Greenberg 1 2007 1 OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurther OxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellence inresearch,scholarship,andeducation. Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright(cid:1)2007byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016 www.oup.com OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData WrestlingwithGod:JewishtheologicalresponsesduringandaftertheHolocaust/ generaleditor,StevenT.Katz;associateeditors,ShlomoBiderman, GershonGreenberg. p.cm. IncludessomearticlestranslatedfromFrench,Hebrew,andYiddish. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13978-0-19-530014-7;978-0-19-530015-4(pbk.) ISBN0-19-530014-9;0-19-530015-7(pbk.) 1. Holocaust(Jewishtheology) I. Katz,StevenT.,1944– II. Biderman,Shlomo. III. Greenberg,Gershon. BM645.H6W74 2006 296.3'1174—dc22 2006000070 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica onacid-freepaper Credits EliezerBerkovits,‘‘FaithaftertheHolocaust’’and‘‘CrisisandFaith,’’fromFaithafterthe HolocaustandCrisisandFaith,originallypublishedbyKtavin1973and1976.Copy- right (cid:1) Shalem Center. Reprinted bypermission of the Shalem Center, Jerusalem. Martin Buber,‘‘Dialogue between Heaven and Earth,’’ from OnJudaism, byMartin Buber,ed.NahumGlatzer,trans.EvaJospe.Copyright(cid:1)1967bySchockenBooks,a divisionofRandomHouse,Inc.UsedbypermissionofSchockenBooks,adivisionof Random House, Inc. MartinBuber,‘‘AResponsetoaLetterfromErnszSyilagyi,June29,1950,’’reprinted bypermissionof Modern Judaism. Arthur A. Cohen, ‘‘The Tremendum,’’ from The Tremendum, by Arthur Cohen, rep- rinted by permission of Russell & Volkening, as agents for the author. Copyright (cid:1) 1981 by Arthur Cohen. Emil Fackenheim, ‘‘Historicity, Rupture, and Tikkun Olam,’’ from To Mend the World,byEmilL.Fackenheim(SchockenBooks,1982).Copyright(cid:1)1982byEmil L. Fackenheim. Reprinted by permission of Georges Borchardt, Inc., on behalf of Emil L.Fackenheim. EmilFackenheim,‘‘IsraelandtheDiaspora,’’fromTheJewishReturntoHistory,byEmil L.Fackenheim(SchockenBooks,1978).Copyright(cid:1)1978byEmilL.Fackenheim. ReprintedbypermissionofGeorgesBorchardt,Inc.,onbehalfof EmilL.Fackenheim. Emil Fackenheim, ‘‘The Structure of Jewish Experience,’’ ‘‘The 614th Command- ment,’’and‘‘TheCommandingVoiceofAuschwitz,’’fromGod’sPresenceinHistory, by Emil L. Fackenheim (New York University Press, 1970). Copyright (cid:1) 1997 by EmilL.Fackenheim.ReprintedbypermissionofGeorgesBorchardt,Inc.,onbehalf of Emil L.Fackenheim. AmosFunkenstein,‘‘TheologicalInterpretationsoftheHolocaust,’’fromUnanswered Questions, ed. Francois Furet, trans. Ben Ivry. Translation copyright (cid:1) 1989 by SchockenBooks,adivisionofRandomHouse,Inc.Copyright(cid:1)1985byEditionsde Seuil. Used bypermissionof Schocken Books, adivision of Random House, Inc. Robert Gordis, ‘‘A Cruel God or None: Is There No Other Choice?’’ originally published in Judaism (1972), reprinted by permission of the American Jewish Congress. vi Credits Irving(Yitzchak)Greenberg,‘‘CloudofSmoke,PillarofFire:Judaism,Christianity, and Modernity after the Holocaust,’’ from Theological Reflections on the Holocaust, reprinted bypermissionof (cid:1) Ktav Publishing House, Inc. Irving (Yitzchak) Greenberg, ‘‘The Third Great Cycle of Jewish History’’ and ‘‘Voluntary Covenant,’’ are reprinted by permission of the author, Rabbi Irving Greenberg. AbrahamJoshuaHeschel,‘‘TheHidingGod,’’fromManIsNotAlone:APhilosophyof Religion by Abraham Joshua Heschel. Copyright (cid:1) 1951 by Abraham J. Heschel. Copyrightrenewed1979bySylviaHeschel.ReprintedbypermissionofFarrar,Straus andGiroux,LLC.,andbypermissionofSusannahHeschel. IsaacHutner,‘‘Holocaust,’’from‘‘Holocaust—ARoshYeshivah’sResponse,’’byRav IsaacHutner,originallypublishedintheJewishObserver(January1978).Reprintedwith permissionfromtheJewishObserver. Hans Jonas, ‘‘TheConceptofGodafterAuschwitz:AJewishVoice,’’originallypub- lishedintheJournalofReligion.(cid:1)1987byTheUniversityofChicago.Allrightsreserved. ZviKolitz,‘‘YosselRakover’sAppealtoGod,’’isreprintedbypermissionofMrs.Zvi Kolitz. Emmanuel Levinas, ‘‘Useless Suffering,’’ from The Provocation of Levinas, ed. Robert BernasconiandDavidWood(Routledge,1988).ReprintedbypermissionofTaylor &Francis Books (UK). IgnazMaybaum,‘‘TheFaceofGodafterAuschwitz,’’fromIgnazMaybaum,TheFace ofGodAfterAuschwitz.Reprinted bypermission of Alisa Maybaum Jaffa. Melissa Raphael, ‘‘The Female Face of God in Auschwitz,’’ from The Female Face of GodinAuschwitz,byMelissaRaphael(Routledge,2003).Reprintedbypermissionof Taylor &Francis Books (UK) and Melissa Raphael. Richard Lowell Rubenstein, ‘‘The Dean and the Chosen People,’’ ‘‘Symposium on JewishBelief,’’and‘‘TheSymbolsofJudaismandtheDeathofGod,’’fromRichard Rubenstein,AfterAuschwitz:RadicalTheologyandContemporaryJudaism.Reprintedby permissionof the author. Jonathan Sacks, ‘‘The Holocaust in Jewish Theology’’ and ‘‘The Valley of the Shadow,’’ from Crisis and Covenant: Jewish Thought after the Holocaust, by Jonathan Sacks (Manchester UniversityPress, 1992). Reprinted bypermission of the author. KalonymousKalmanShapira,‘‘HolyFire,’’fromSacredFire,ed.DeborahMiller,trans.J. Hershy Worch. Reprinted by permission of Jason Aronson Publishers, an imprint of Rowman&LittlefieldPublishers,Inc. Joseph B. Soloveitchik, ‘‘Kol Dodi Dofek: The Voice of My Beloved Knocks,’’ from Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik, Fate and Destiny: From the Holocaust to the State of Israel. Reprintedby permissionof the Rabbinical Councilof America. Credits vii Yissakhar Taykhtahl, ‘‘Second Preface: A Happy Mother of Children,’’ from ‘‘In- troduction,’’inAHappyMotherofChildren,trans.PessahSchindler(Jerusalem:Ktav, _ 1999). Reprinted bypermission of Ktav PublishingHouse, Inc. Elie Wiesel, ‘‘God’s Suffering: A Commentary.’’ (cid:1) 1994 Elirion Associates, Inc. Reprinted bypermissionof Elie Wiesel. MichaelWyschogrod,‘‘FaithandtheHolocaust,’’from‘‘FaithandtheHolocaust:A Review Essay,’’ by Michael Wyschogrod, originally published in Judaism (Summer 1971), reprinted bypermissionof the American Jewish Congress. This page intentionally left blank Contents General Introduction by Steven T. Katz 3 Part I Ultra-Orthodox Responses during and following the War Introduction by Gershon Greenberg 11 Within the Catastrophe 27 Elhanan Wasserman 29 _ Tractate: The Onsetof theMessiah 30 Kalonymous Kalman Shapira 39 Holy Fire 40 Shlomoh Zalman Unsdorfer 51 Vayehi:Eve of theHolyShabbat of theTorah PortionVayehi[Genesis 47:28–50:26] _ _ [Prepared 2January for3January 1942Delivery] 52 Torah Portion Va’era [Exodus6:1–9:35] [Prepared 8January for9January 1943Delivery] 56 [Torah Portion]Re’eh [Deuteronomy 11:26–16:17] [Prepared 27 Augustfor 28August 1943Delivery] 58 Shlomoh Zalman Ehrenreich 61 What I PreachedonSunday [of theWeekof] theTorah Portion Tetsaveh,26 February1939 62 What I Preachedon[the Festival of]SimhatTorah,4October 1942 65 _ What I Preachedonthe GreatShabbat[Preceding Passover], 17April 1943 68 At the Border of Catastrophe 73 Yissakhar Taykhtahl 75 Second Preface: A HappyMother of Children 75 Aharon Rokeah 83 _ Parting Sermon 84 The Land of Israel 93 Reuven Katz 95 Redemption andRescue of Prisoners, December 1943 96 ‘‘The JewsOrdained, andTook Itupon Them’’ [Esther 9:27], May–June 1944 99 Amalek’s Transmigration over theGenerations, February–March 1945 101
Description: