Wound Healing: Methods and Protocols

456 Pages·2003·8.275 MB·English

by  Stefan Frank, Heiko Kämpfer (auth.), Luisa A. DiPietro, Aime L. Burns (eds.)

Wound Healing
M E T H O D S I N M O L E C U L A R M E D I C I N E™
John M. Walker, SERIES EDITOR
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M E T H O D S I N M O L E C U L A R M E D I C I N E™
Wound Healing
Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Luisa A. DiPietro
Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute,
Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
and
Aime L. Burns
Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute,
Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
Humana Press Totowa, New Jersey
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Wound healing : methods and protocols / edited by Luisa A. DiPietro and Aime L. Burns.
p. cm. -- (Methods in molecular medicine ; 78)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-89603-999-4 (alk. paper);1-59259-332-1 (e-book)
1. Wound healing--Research. 2. Wound healing--Animal models. I. DiPietro, Luisa A.
II. Burns, Aime L. III. Series.
RD94.W695 2003
617.1'4027--dc21 2002027304
Preface
During the past decade, significant progress in molecular and cellular tech-
niques has greatly advanced our understanding of the wound healing pro-
cess. Many of these new techniques have been utilized in the context of more
classic models of wound healing. The combination of new and classic
approaches has allowed scientists to make exciting discoveries in the field of
tissue repair, resulting in an explosion of information about the healing pro-
cess. Importantly, these new findings have great relevance beyond wound
healing itself. The injury repair process cuts across many disciplines, extend-
ing to such broad fields as cancer, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. The
relevance of the field to these many disciplines has generated great interest
in models and methods for the study of wound healing. The goal of Wound
Healing: Methods and Protocols is to provide scientists from many disci-
plines with a compendium of classic and contemporary protocols from rec-
ognized experts in the field of wound healing. We hope this volume will be
useful not only to those working within the field itself, but also to scientists
from other disciplines who wish to adapt wound healing models to their own
experimental needs.
The process of wound healing encompasses many different biologic pro-
cesses, including epithelial growth and differentiation, fibrous tissue produc-
tion and function, angiogenesis, and inflammation. For this reason, the choice
of model systems is broad, and includes a large array of both in vivo and in
vitro models. We could not, of course, include all of the many available experi-
mental models of wound healing. Instead, we have attempted to assemble a
cross section of practical techniques, many of which are widely used.
This volume is organized into two broad sections. Part I presents model
systems for the study of wound healing, whereas Part II describes methods for
the analysis and manipulation of the healing wound. Part I includes thirteen
separate in vivo models and four in vitro models of wound healing, as well as
several reviews of specific model systems in which underlying systemic and
genetic conditions influence the healing process. Part II provides multiple
methods for the analysis of the individual biologic processes observed in the
healing wound. In many cases, several different approaches to a single process
are provided in order to allow the scientist to select the approach most appli-
cable to the problem at hand. We hope this text will become a valuable refer-
ence source for both basic and clinical scientists interested in initiating or
expanding their efforts in the study of wound healing.
v
vi Preface
We are very grateful to our large group of contributors who gave so will-
ingly of their expertise and provided the chapters within this volume. We wish
to thank the series editor, Dr. John Walker, for his guidance during the devel-
opment and realization of this book, and the president of Humana Press, Mr.
Thomas Lanigan, for the opportunity to prepare this volume. We also thank
Mr. Craig Adams at Humana Press and Mr. Benjamin Levi for their valuable
editorial assistance. Finally, our sincere thanks to our families for their pa-
tience and encouragement during the completion of this book.
Luisa A. DiPietro
Aime L. Burns
Contents
Preface .............................................................................................................v
Contributors.....................................................................................................xi
PART I. EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF WOUND HEALING
A. In Vivo Animal Models
1 Excisional Wound Healing:
An Experimental Approach
Stefan Frank and Heiko Kämpfer.........................................................3
2 Methods in Reepithelialization:
A Porcine Model of Partial-Thickness Wounds
Heather N. Paddock, Gregory S. Schultz, and Bruce A. Mast.......17
3 Incisional Wound Healing:
Model and Analysis of Wound Breaking Strength
Richard L. Gamelli and Li-Ke He.......................................................37
4 Animal Models of Ischemic Wound Healing:
Toward an Approximation of Human Chronic
Cutaneous Ulcers in Rabbit and Rat
Mark Sisco and Thomas A. Mustoe...................................................55
5 Corneal Injury:
A Relatively Pure Model of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions
in Wound Healing
Steven E. Wilson, Rahul R. Mohan, Renato Ambrosio,
and Rajiv R. Mohan.........................................................................67
6 Subcutaneous Sponge Models
David T. Efron and Adrian Barbul.....................................................83
7 A Mouse Model of Burn Wounding and Sepsis
Julia M. Stevenson, Richard L. Gamelli, and Ravi Shankar...........95
8 A Porcine Burn Model
Adam J. Singer and Steve A. McClain............................................107
9 Wound Healing in Airways In Vivo
Steven R. White..................................................................................121
10 Murine Models of Intestinal Anastomoses
David L. Williams and I. William Browder......................................133
11 Murine Model of Peritoneal Adhesion Formation
Andrew E. Jahoda, Mary Kay Olson,
and Elizabeth J. Kovacs...............................................................141
vii
viii Contents
12 Methods for Investigating Fetal Tissue Repair
Ziv M. Peled, Stephen M. Warren, Pierre J. Bouletreau,
and Michael T. Longaker..............................................................149
13 Growth of Human Blood Vessels in Severe Combined
Immunodeficient Mice:
A New in Vivo Model System of Angiogenesis
Peter J. Polverini, Jacques E. Nör, Martin C. Peters,
and David J. Mooney.....................................................................161
B. Reviews of Specific Model Systems
14 Tissue Repair in Models of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
David G. Greenhalgh.........................................................................181
15 Wound Healing Studies in Transgenic and Knockout Mice:
A Review
Richard Grose and Sabine Werner..................................................191
16 Wound Repair in Aging: A Review
May J. Reed, Teruhiko Koike, and Pauli Puolakkainen................217
C. Human Wound Healing Models
17 Specimen Collection and Analysis: Burn Wounds
Areta Kowal-Vern and Barbara A. Latenser...................................241
18 Suction Blister Model of Wound Healing
Vesa Koivukangas and Aarne Oikarinen........................................255
19 Implantable Wound Healing Models and the Determination
of Subcutaneous Collagen Deposition in Expanded
Polytetrafluoroethylene Implants
Lars Nannestad Jorgensen, Søren Munk Madsen,
and Finn Gottrup...........................................................................263
D. In Vitro Models
20 The Fibroblast Populated Collagen Lattice:
A Model of Fibroblast Collagen Interactions in Repair
H. Paul Ehrlich...................................................................................277
21 A Quantifiable In Vitro Model to Assess Effects
of PAI-1 Gene Targeting on Epithelial Cell Motility
Kirwin M. Providence, Lisa Staiano-Coico,
and Paul J. Higgins.......................................................................293
22 Human Skin Organ Culture
Ingrid Moll...........................................................................................305
23 In Vitro Matrigel Angiogenesis Model
Anna M. Szpaderska and Luisa A. DiPietro...................................311
Contents ix
PART II. ANALYSIS AND MANIPULATION OF WOUND HEALING
24 Quantification of Wound Angiogenesis
Quentin E. H. Low and Luisa A. DiPietro........................................319
25 In Vivo Matrigel Migration and Angiogenesis Assays
Katherine M. Malinda.........................................................................329
26 Endothelial Cell Migration Assay:
A Quantitative Assay for Prediction of In Vivo Biology
Mark W. Lingen..................................................................................337
27 Analysis of Collagen Synthesis
Robert F. Diegelmann.......................................................................349
28 Method for Detection and Quantitation of Leukocytes
During Wound Healing
Iulia Drugea and Aime L. Burns.......................................................359
29 Detection of Reactive Oxygen Intermediate Production
by Macrophages
Jorge E. Albina and Jonathan S. Reichner....................................369
30 Measurement of Chemokines at the Protein Level in Tissue
Robert M. Strieter, Marie D. Burdick, John A. Belperio,
and Michael P. Keane....................................................................377
31 Methods of Measuring Oxygen in Wounds
Harriet W. Hopf, Thomas K. Hunt, Heinz Scheuenstuhl,
Judith M. West, Lisa M. Humphrey, and Mark D. Rollins.........389
32 Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Human Intestinal
Smooth Muscle Cells
Martin Graham and Amy Willey.......................................................417
33 Use of High-Throughput Microarray Membranes
for cDNA Analysis of Cutaneous Wound Repair
Nicole S. Gibran and F. Frank Isik...................................................425
34 Particle-Mediated Gene Therapy of Wounds
Jeffrey M. Davidson, Sabine A. Eming,
and Jayasri Dasgupta...................................................................433
Index............................................................................................................453
Contributors
JORGE E. ALBINA • Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery,
Rhode Island Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI
RENATO AMBROSIO • Department of Ophthalmology, University
of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, and Department of
Ophthalmology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
ADRIAN BARBUL • Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital, and Johns Hopkins
Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD
JOHN A. BELPERIO • The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
PIERRE J. BOULETREAU • Children’s Surgical Research Program,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, and Department of
Maxillofacial Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Benite,
France
I. WILLIAM BROWDER • Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College
of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, and
James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mountain Home, TN
MARIE D. BURDICK • The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine,
Los Angeles, CA
AIME L. BURNS • Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute,
Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
JAYASRI DASGUPTA • Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, TN
JEFFREY M. DAVIDSON • Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, and Department of Veterans Affairs
Medical Center, Nashville, TN
ROBERT F. DIEGELMANN • Department of Biochemistry, Medical College
of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
LUISA A. DIPIETRO • Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma
Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
IULIA DRUGEA • Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute,
Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
DAVID T. EFRON • Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital, and Johns
Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD
H. PAUL EHRLICH • Division of Plastic Surgery, Hershey Medical Center,
Hershey, PA
xi