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WORSHIP, WOMEN, AND WAR Program in Judaic Studies Brown University Box 1826 Providence, RI 02912 BROWN JUDAIC STUDIES Edited by Mary Gluck David C. Jacobson Maud Mandel Saul M. Olyan Rachel Rojanski Michael L. Satlow Adam Teller Nelson Vieira Number 357 WORSHIP, WOMEN, AND WAR Essays in Honor of Susan Niditch edited by John J. Collins, T. M. Lemos, Saul M. Olyan WORSHIP, WOMEN, AND WAR ESSAYS IN HONOR OF SUSAN NIDITCH Edited by John J. Collins T. M. Lemos Saul M. Olyan Brown Judaic Studies Providence, Rhode Island © 2015 Brown University. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, Program in Judaic Studies, Brown University, Box 1826, Providence, RI 02912, USA. The Library of Congress has catalogued the print edition: Worship, women, and war : essays in honor of Susan Niditch / edited by  John J. Collins, T. M. Lemos, Saul M. Olyan.   pages cm — (Brown Judaic studies ; v. 357)  Includes bibliographical references.  ISBN 978-1-930675-93-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-930675-97-1 (electronic book) 1. Bible. Old Testament—Criticism, interpretation, etc. 2. Folklore in the Bible. 3. War—Biblical teaching. 4. Gender identity in the Bible. 5. Jews—Palestine—Civilization. 6. Niditch, Susan honoree. I. Collins, John J. (John Joseph), 1946- editor. BS511.3.W675 2015 221.6—dc23 2015021982 Printed on acid-free paper. Contents Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Preface: Susan Niditch; An Appreciation John J. Collins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Selected Publications of Susan Niditch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii I: Folklore, Mythology and Oral History The Passing of Warrior Poetry in the Era of Prosaic Heroes Mark S. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Fugitive Hero Narrative Pattern in Mesopotamia Edward L. Greenstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Ending a Performance: The Tenants in Luke 20:9–19 and Gospel of Thomas 65 Robert Doran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 A Story about Some Stories Margaret Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 The Gospel of Mark: Baptism and Passover Initiation Robert B. Coote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Orality and Writing in the Creation of Exilic Prophetic Literature Robert R. Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 II: Israelite Religion and Ancient Judaism Massebot Standing for Yhwh: The Fall of a Yhwistic Cult Symbol Elizabeth Bloch-Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 “The Righteous Mind” and Judean Moral Culture: A Conversation between Biblical Studies and Moral Psychology Carol A. Newsom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 Ritual Inversion in Biblical Representations of Punitive Rites Saul M. Olyan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 v vi  Contents III: Warfare and Violence Moral Injury and the Interdisciplinary Study of Biblical War Texts: The Case of King Saul Brad E. Kelle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Collateral Duties: Military Objectives and Civilian Protections in Deuteronomy Frank Ritchel Ames† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 The Agonistic Imagination: The Ethics of War in Deuteronomy John J. Collins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Rahab’s Valor and the Gibeonites’ Cowardice Jacob L. Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 IV: Gender The Women of the Bible and of Ancient Near Eastern Myth: The Case of the Levite’s #glyp Susan Ackerman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Were Israelite Women Chattel? Shedding New Light on an Old Question T. M. Lemos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Crossings, Transgressions, and Movement in the Jephthah Cycle Suzie Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Ruth’s Beginnings: A Study in Contradictions Jo Ann Hackett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Building Power: Gender, Identity, and Conspicuous Consumption in Fin de Siècle Tang China Rebecca Doran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Rufina Refined: A Woman archisynagōgos from Smyrna, Yet Again Ross S. Kraemer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Index of Ancient Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Index of Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311 Abbreviations AB Anchor Bible ABD The Anchor Bible Dictionary (ed. David Noel Freedman et al.; 6 vols.; New York: Doubleday, 1992) ABRL Anchor Bible Reference Library AfO Archiv für Orientforschung AnSt Anatolian Studies AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament AOS American Oriental Society AOTC Abingdon Old Testament Commentaries AS Assyriological Studies ATD Das Alte Testament Deutsch AYB Anchor Yale Bible BA Biblical Archaeologist BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Bib Biblica BibOr Biblica et orientalia BJS Brown Judaic Studies BKAT Biblischer Kommentar, Altes Testament BN Biblische Notizen BRev Bible Review BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissen- schaft CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1956–) CBC Cambridge Bible Commentary CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series CBR Currents in Biblical Research CHJ Cambridge History of Judaism (ed. W. D. Davies and Louis Finkelstein; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984–) CIJ Corpus inscriptionum judaicarum (ed. Jean Baptiste Frey; Vati- can City: Pontificio istituto di archeologia cristiana, 1936–) DSD Dead Sea Discoveries EHAT Exegetisches Handbuch zum Alten Testament ErIsr Eretz-Israel vii viii  Abbreviations FAT Forschungen zum Alten Testament FCB Feminist Companion to the Bible FOTL Forms of the Old Testament Literature HALOT L. Koehler, W. Baumgartner, and J. J. Stamm, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (trans. and ed. under the supervision of M. E. J. Richardson; 5 vols.; Leiden: Brill, 1994–2000) HBAI Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel HDR Harvard Dissertations in Religion HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HTR Harvard Theological Review ICC International Critical Commentary IEJ Israel Exploration Journal IJO Inscriptiones judaicae orientis Int Interpretation JAJ Journal of Ancient Judaism JANER Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions JANES Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JBR Journal of Bible and Religion JFSR Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion JGRChJ Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism JIWE Jewish Inscriptions of Western Europe JJMJS Journal of the Jesus Movement in Its Jewish Setting JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages JRS Journal of Roman Studies JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series KTU Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit (ed. M. Dietrich, O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartín; AOAT 24.1; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1976) LHB/OTS Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies NCBC New Century Bible Commentary NEA Near Eastern Archaeology NIB New Interpreter’s Bible NICOT New International Commentary on the Old Testament NJPS New Jewish Publication Society Version NTS New Testament Studies Abbreviations  ix OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis OBT Overtures to Biblical Theology OIS Oriental Institute Seminars Or Orientalia OTL Old Testament Library PHI Packard Humanities Institute RA Revue d’Assyriologie RBS Resources for Biblical Study REJ Revue des études juives RINAP Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period RSO Revista degli studi orientali SAA State Archives of Assyria SAAS State Archives of Assyria Studies SBLAIL Society of Biblical Literature Ancient Israel and Its Literature SBLRBS Society of Biblical Literature Resources for Biblical Study SBLSemSt Society of Biblical Literature Semeia Studies SBLSymS Society of Biblical Literature Symposium Series SBLWAW Society of Biblical Literature Writings from the Ancient World SBT Studies in Biblical Theology SHBC Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary TA Tel Aviv TSAJ Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism UF Ugarit-Forschungen VT Vetus Testamentum VTE Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon VTSup Supplements to Vetus Testamentum WBC Word Biblical Commentary WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testa ment WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum NeuenTestament ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft

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WORSHIP, WOMEN, AND WAR Program in Judaic Studies Brown University Box 1826 Providence, RI 02912 BROWN JUDAIC STUDIES Edited by Mary Gluck David C. Jacobson Maud Mandel Saul M. Olyan Rachel Rojanski Michael L. Satlow Adam Teller Nelson Vieira Number 357 WORSHIP, WOMEN, AND WAR Essays in Honor of Susan Niditch edited by John J. Collins, T. M. Lemos, Saul M. Olyan WORSHIP, WOMEN, AND WAR ESSAYS IN HONOR OF SUSAN NIDITCH Edited by John J. Collins T. M. Lemos Saul M. Olyan Brown Judaic Studies Providence, Rhode Island © 2015 Brown University. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, Program in Judaic Studies, Brown University, Box 1826, Providence, RI 02912, USA. The Library of Congress has catalogued the print edition: Worship, women, and war : essays in honor of Susan Niditch / edited by  John J. Collins, T. M. Lemos, Saul M. Olyan.   pages cm — (Brown Judaic studies ; v. 357)  Includes bibliographical references.  ISBN 978-1-930675-93-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-930675-97-1 (electronic book) 1. Bible. Old Testament—Criticism, interpretation, etc. 2. Folklore in the Bible. 3. War—Biblical teaching. 4. Gender identity in the Bible. 5. Jews—Palestine—Civilization. 6. Niditch, Susan honoree. I. Collins, John J. (John Joseph), 1946- editor. BS511.3.W675 2015 221.6—dc23 2015021982 Printed on acid-free paper. Contents Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Preface: Susan Niditch; An Appreciation John J. Collins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Selected Publications of Susan Niditch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii I: Folklore, Mythology and Oral History The Passing of Warrior Poetry in the Era of Prosaic Heroes Mark S. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Fugitive Hero Narrative Pattern in Mesopotamia Edward L. Greenstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Ending a Performance: The Tenants in Luke 20:9–19 and Gospel of Thomas 65 Robert Doran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 A Story about Some Stories Margaret Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 The Gospel of Mark: Baptism and Passover Initiation Robert B. Coote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Orality and Writing in the Creation of Exilic Prophetic Literature Robert R. Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 II: Israelite Religion and Ancient Judaism Massebot Standing for Yhwh: The Fall of a Yhwistic Cult Symbol Elizabeth Bloch-Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 “The Righteous Mind” and Judean Moral Culture: A Conversation between Biblical Studies and Moral Psychology Carol A. Newsom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 Ritual Inversion in Biblical Representations of Punitive Rites Saul M. Olyan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 v vi  Contents III: Warfare and Violence Moral Injury and the Interdisciplinary Study of Biblical War Texts: The Case of King Saul Brad E. Kelle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Collateral Duties: Military Objectives and Civilian Protections in Deuteronomy Frank Ritchel Ames† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 The Agonistic Imagination: The Ethics of War in Deuteronomy John J. Collins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Rahab’s Valor and the Gibeonites’ Cowardice Jacob L. Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 IV: Gender The Women of the Bible and of Ancient Near Eastern Myth: The Case of the Levite’s #glyp Susan Ackerman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Were Israelite Women Chattel? Shedding New Light on an Old Question T. M. Lemos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Crossings, Transgressions, and Movement in the Jephthah Cycle Suzie Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Ruth’s Beginnings: A Study in Contradictions Jo Ann Hackett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Building Power: Gender, Identity, and Conspicuous Consumption in Fin de Siècle Tang China Rebecca Doran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Rufina Refined: A Woman archisynagōgos from Smyrna, Yet Again Ross S. Kraemer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Index of Ancient Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Index of Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311 Abbreviations AB Anchor Bible ABD The Anchor Bible Dictionary (ed. David Noel Freedman et al.; 6 vols.; New York: Doubleday, 1992) ABRL Anchor Bible Reference Library AfO Archiv für Orientforschung AnSt Anatolian Studies AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament AOS American Oriental Society AOTC Abingdon Old Testament Commentaries AS Assyriological Studies ATD Das Alte Testament Deutsch AYB Anchor Yale Bible BA Biblical Archaeologist BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Bib Biblica BibOr Biblica et orientalia BJS Brown Judaic Studies BKAT Biblischer Kommentar, Altes Testament BN Biblische Notizen BRev Bible Review BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissen- schaft CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1956–) CBC Cambridge Bible Commentary CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series CBR Currents in Biblical Research CHJ Cambridge History of Judaism (ed. W. D. Davies and Louis Finkelstein; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984–) CIJ Corpus inscriptionum judaicarum (ed. Jean Baptiste Frey; Vati- can City: Pontificio istituto di archeologia cristiana, 1936–) DSD Dead Sea Discoveries EHAT Exegetisches Handbuch zum Alten Testament ErIsr Eretz-Israel vii viii  Abbreviations FAT Forschungen zum Alten Testament FCB Feminist Companion to the Bible FOTL Forms of the Old Testament Literature HALOT L. Koehler, W. Baumgartner, and J. J. Stamm, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (trans. and ed. under the supervision of M. E. J. Richardson; 5 vols.; Leiden: Brill, 1994–2000) HBAI Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel HDR Harvard Dissertations in Religion HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HTR Harvard Theological Review ICC International Critical Commentary IEJ Israel Exploration Journal IJO Inscriptiones judaicae orientis Int Interpretation JAJ Journal of Ancient Judaism JANER Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions JANES Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JBR Journal of Bible and Religion JFSR Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion JGRChJ Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism JIWE Jewish Inscriptions of Western Europe JJMJS Journal of the Jesus Movement in Its Jewish Setting JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages JRS Journal of Roman Studies JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series KTU Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit (ed. M. Dietrich, O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartín; AOAT 24.1; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1976) LHB/OTS Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies NCBC New Century Bible Commentary NEA Near Eastern Archaeology NIB New Interpreter’s Bible NICOT New International Commentary on the Old Testament NJPS New Jewish Publication Society Version NTS New Testament Studies Abbreviations  ix OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis OBT Overtures to Biblical Theology OIS Oriental Institute Seminars Or Orientalia OTL Old Testament Library PHI Packard Humanities Institute RA Revue d’Assyriologie RBS Resources for Biblical Study REJ Revue des études juives RINAP Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period RSO Revista degli studi orientali SAA State Archives of Assyria SAAS State Archives of Assyria Studies SBLAIL Society of Biblical Literature Ancient Israel and Its Literature SBLRBS Society of Biblical Literature Resources for Biblical Study SBLSemSt Society of Biblical Literature Semeia Studies SBLSymS Society of Biblical Literature Symposium Series SBLWAW Society of Biblical Literature Writings from the Ancient World SBT Studies in Biblical Theology SHBC Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary TA Tel Aviv TSAJ Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism UF Ugarit-Forschungen VT Vetus Testamentum VTE Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon VTSup Supplements to Vetus Testamentum WBC Word Biblical Commentary WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testa ment WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum NeuenTestament ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft

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