World War 2 and the Soviet People: Selected Papers from the Fourth World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies, Harrogate, 1990 PDF
Preview World War 2 and the Soviet People: Selected Papers from the Fourth World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies, Harrogate, 1990
WORLD WAR 2 AND THE SOVIET PEOPLE SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE FOURTH WORLD CONGRESS FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES, HARROGATE, 1990 Editedfor the [memational Council for Soviet and East European Studies by Stephen White. Professor of Politics. University ofG lasgow From the same publishers: Roy Allison (editor) RADICAL REFORM IN SOVIET DEFENCE POLICY Ben Eklof (editor) SCHOOL AND SOCIETY IN TSARIST AND SOVIET RUSSIA John Elsworth (editor) THE SILVER AGE IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE John Garrard and Carol Garrard (editors) WORLD WAR 2 AND THE SOVIET PEOPLE Zvi Gitelman (editor) THE POLITICS OF NATIONALITY AND THE EROSION OF THE USSR Sheelagh Duffin Graham (editor) NEW DIRECTIONS IN SOVIET LITERATURE Lindsey Hughes (editor) NEW PERSPECTIVES ON MUSCOVITE HISTORY Walter Joyce (editor) SOCIAL CHANGE AND SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE FORMER USSR Bohdan Krawchenko (editor) UKRAINIAN PAST, UKRAINIAN PRESENT Paul G. Lewis (editor) DEMOCRACY AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN EASTERN EUROPE Robert B. McKean (editor) NEW PERSPECTIVES IN MODERN RUSSIAN HISTORY John Morison (editor) THE CZECH AND SLOVAK EXPERIENCE EASTERN EUROPE AND THE WEST John O. Norman (editor) NEW PERSPECTIVES ON RUSSIAN AND SOVIET ARTISTIC CULTURE Derek Offord (editor) THE GOLDEN AGE OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE AND THOUGHT Michael E. Urban (editor) IDEOLOGY AND SYSTEM CHANGE IN THE USSR AND EAST EUROPE World War 2 and the Soviet People Selected Papers from the Fourth World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies, Harrogate, 1990 Edited by John Garrard Professor ofR ussian Literature University ofA rizona and Carol Garrard 150th YEAR M St. Martin's Press © International Council for Soviet and East European Studies, and John and Carol Garrard 1993 General Editor'S Introduction © Stephen White 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1993 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, ar under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published in Great Britain 1993 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world This book is published in association with the International Council for Soviet and East European Studies. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-22798-3 ISBN 978-1-349-22796-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-22796-9 First published in the United States of America 1993 by Scholarly and Reference Division, ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-08531-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies (4th: 1990: Harrogate, England) World War 2 and the Soviet people / edited by John Garrard and Carol Garrard. p. cm. "Selected papers from the Fourth Warld Congress for Soviet and East European Studies, Harrogate, 1990". Includes index. ISBN 978-0-312-08531-5 I. World War, 1939-1945-Soviet Union-Congresses. 2. World War, 1939-1945-Influence-Congresses. I. Garrard, John Gordon. II. Garrard, Carol. III. International Council for Soviet and East European Studies. IV. Title. V. Title: World War II and the Soviet people. VI. Title: World War Two and the Soviet people. D764.W67 1993 940.53'47-dc20 92-10827 CIP To the memory of the countless men, women and children on the Eastern Front who died in the struggle against Nazi aggression vi I I EUROPE ON 22 JUNE 1941 _ow • SOVIET UNION - r. COlmtries under German rule or influence by June1941 CJ Neutra I countries CJ Great Brl181n, the only slate at warwith =lln:~~~~4~~it~~ the I iamndm eadllii0a1necley ionlf ethree dfi gohilt paogsasi;nbslet l>Nealpzi sm O'--...LM_;_Ies.L-.3..0.' 0 Map 1 Europe on 22 June 1941 Contents List of Maps and Plates ix Preface XIX Acknowledgements xxi General Editor's Introduction XXv Notes on the Contributors xxvii 1 Bitter Victory 1 John and Carol Garrard 2 Russian Literature on the War and Historical Truth 28 Lazar Lazarev 3 The Image of Stalin in Soviet Propaganda and Public Opinion during World War 2 38 John Barber 4 Soviet Women at War 50 John Erickson 5 The Other Veterans: Soviet Women's Poetry of World War 2 77 Katharine Hodgson 6 Images of the War in Painting 98 Musya GIants 7 Story of a War Memorial 125 Nina Tumarkin 8 World War 2 in Russian National Consciousness: Pristavkin (1981-7) and Kondratyev (1990) 147 George Gibian 9 New Information about the Deportation of Ethnic Groups in the USSR during World War 2 161 Vera Tolz vii viii Contents 10 Anny and Party in Conflict: Soldiers and Commissars in the Prose of Vasily Grossman 180 Frank Ellis 11 Recovery of the Past and Struggle for the Future: Vasil' Bykaw's Recent War Fiction 202 Arnold McMillin 12 The Katyn Massacre and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in the Soviet-Nazi Propaganda War 213 Ewa M. Thompson 13 Winston Churchill and the Soviet Union, 1939--45 234 Martin Gilbert Index 261 List of Maps and Plates MAPS Map 1 Europe on 22 June 1941 vi Map 2 Soviet annexations 1939-40 xviii Map 3 German-occupied USSR xxix Map 4 The Soviet deportation of nationalities 1941-5 160 Map 5 Soviet industry and allied aid 1941-5 233 PLATES Plate 1 Corpses of slave labourers, some naked and some still clad in striped prison garb, lie outside the gas chamber at the German concentration camp of Nordhausen, which was liberated by the US 7th Army on 5 April 1945. Many of the slave labourers had been Red Army POWs, who were forced to construct the V-I and V-2 rockets in the enormous tunnels dug into the Hartz Mountains. When the prisoners became too weak to work, they faced the gas chamber or the rope: weekly hangings were a feature at Nordhausen. (photo taken by Staff Sergeant James T. O'Neal, 690th Field Artillery.) Plate 2 In October 1941 the Wehrmacht used the dead bodies of Red Army soldiers as planks as their drive to Moscow bogged down in what Russians call the rasputitsa. Two months later these corpses would have been stripped of their boots and warm clothing by frozen German soldiers, whom the overconfident Hitler had not prepared or fitted out for the cruel Russian winter. Plate 3 Lithuanian civilians beat Jews in the summer of 1941 while German soldiers watch. On June 28, in Kaunas (called Kovno under Polish rule between the two world wars) local police joined with released convicts to search out and beat Jews to death with iron bars. On this one day several hundred were murdered. ix
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