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World Military Leaders A BiogrAphicAl DictionAry World Military Leaders A BiogrAphicAl DictionAry Mark GrossMan World Military Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary Copyright © 2007 by Mark Grossman All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the pub- lisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 ISBN-10: 0-8160-4732-4 ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-4732-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Grossman, Mark. World military leaders : a biographical dictionary / by Mark Grossman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4732-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Military biography—Dictionaries. I. Title. U51.G76 2005 355'.0092'2—dc22 2005008908 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Joan M. McEvoy Cover design by Cathy Rincon Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. This book is dedicated to my good friends Carol Hoffman, Paula Herbst, and Audrey and Alan Taylor, without whose incredible support this volume would not have been completed; and to my niece Julie Grossman and my nephew Bradley Grossman, who wanted to see their name in print and finally get the chance. Breathes There the Man Sir Walter Scott Breathes there the man with soul so dead Who never to himself hath said, This is my own, my native land! Whose heart hath ne’er within him burned, As home his footsteps he hath turned From wandering on a foreign strand? If such there breathe, go, mark him well; For him no minstrel raptures swell; High though his titles, proud his name, Boundless his wealth as wish can claim, Despite those titles, power, and pelf, The wretch, concentrated all in self, Living, shall forfeit fair renown, And, doubly dying, shall go down To the vile dust from whence he sprung, Unwept, unhonored, and unsung. C ontents List of Entries xi Introduction xv Entries A to Z 1 Bibliography 367 Index 403