world meteorological organization report of the ra vi working group on agricultural meteorology

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WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
COMMISSION FOR AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY
CAgM Report No. 82
REPORT OF THE RA VI WORKING GROUP ON
AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY
Submitted by
Z. Dunkel (chairperson), A. Bussay, H. Dommermuth, B. Gozzini, M. Hunkar,
T. Keane, L. Leskinen, J. Lomas, G. Maracchi, R. da Mata Reis,
M. Molendijk, S. Orlandini, D. Rijks, L. Seghi, J. Valter
WMO/TD No. 1 022
Geneva, Switzerland
July 2000

Report of the RA VI Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology, 1998
CONTENTS
Section I Introduction 5
Resolution of RA XI concerning WG on Agricultural Meteorology 7
Report of the chairperson of the Working Group, Zoltan Dunkel 9
Proceedings of WG Meeting was held in Budapest, 1-4 1997 13
Members of the WG 39
Section 11 Technical reports 41
Maracchi, G.:
The Challenge of Agrometeorology in Europe for the years 2000 43
Hunkar, M:
Models is Agrometeorology -From Theory to Parctice 47
Keane, T.:
Meteorological Support Systems for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth
Disease of Animlas 55
Leskinen, L.:
An outlook to the models, forecasting methods and
information systems used for plant protection against pests 73
Lamas, J.:
Operational applications of agrometeorological Information to
increase the efficiency of water and energy uses 77
Molendijk, M.:
The Irrigation Planner: a Management instrument for Irrigation of
Grassland in the Netherlands 91
Lamas, J.:
Frost Forecasting in Israel -a Case Study 97
Rijks, D.:
Agrometeorological Information for the Production of Oi/seed Rape
(Brassica Napus L.) 99
Mata Reis, R. and Rijks, D.:
Scales for the Assesment of Forest Fire Danger 107
Bussay, A.:
Evaluation of WMO RA VI. Agrometeorological Questionnaire:
Related to Phenological Observations and Networks 143
Dommermuth:
Some information about oats (Avena Sativa) 151
Few publications concerning phenological observation 152
Examples of phenological guides 153
Seghi, L., Orlandini, S. and Gozzini, B.:
Survey of Simulation Models of Plant Diseases 161
Valter, J.:
Operational Crop Development Monitoring using
Daily Meteorological Data 223
Dunkel, Z.:
Meteorological and Climatological Aspects of Drought
and Dry Spell Monitoring 239
Maracchi, G.:
Survey of contemporary publication in Agrometeorology 251
Section Ill Appendix 261
Letter of Prof.J.Stigter, President of CAgM to the RA VI WG 263
Questionnaire Related to elaboration of an Uniform Scale for the
Assessment of Forest Fire Danger 267
Questionnaire Related to Phenological Observations and Networks 271
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Report of the RA VI Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology, 1998
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Report of the RA VI Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology, 1998
SECTION I
5
Report of the RA VI Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology, 1998
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Report of the RA VI Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology, 1998
RESOLUTION OF WMO RA VI XI ASSEMBLY ABOUT WG
RESOLUTION 9 (XI-RA VI)
WORKING GROUP ON AGRICULTURAL IvfETEOROLOGY THE REGIONAL
ASSOCIATION FOR EUROPE,
NOTING:
(1 ) Resolution 16 (Cg-XI)- Agricultural Meteorology Programme,
(2) The report of the working group submitted to the eleventh session of the Association
including its recommendations,
RECOGNIZING the .increased awareness, especially in many developed countries, of the
quality of agricultural products;
RECOGNIZING FURTHER that climate variability and possible future climate change
have a significant impact on agriculture ari'd forestry in the Region;
DECIDES:
(I) To re-establish a Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology with the following
terms of reference:
(a) To study and summarize the description of phenological stages of crops of interest
to Members in the Region and for which quality aspects are important for end
produce and/or end user, for the provision of advisory services most adequate to the
phenological stage ofthe crop;
(b) To review and summarize agrometeorological aspects of, increased deforestation
in highly industrialized countries in Europe;
(c) To review literature on modelling of pest and diseases and associated software
development and make appropriate recommendations;
(d) To survey and summarize for operational application, agrometeorological
information to increase the efficiency of energy and efficiency of water use in
production processes;
(e) To review and explain agrometeorological information and data that can be used
to assist agriculturists to adapt to climatic variability, extreme climatic events and to
climate change and to utilize the development in monthly and seasonal forecasts in
respect of some important food and cash crops in the Region (e.g. wheat, grape crop,
potatoes);
(f) To describe agrometeorological information in quantitative terms required. for
planning and operational management of the following crops: oats, stone fruit, and
rape seed;
(g) To undertake, in collaboration with CAgM and, as appropriate, with FAO and
other agencies the following activities:
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Report of the RA VI Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology, 1998
(i) Making a complete listing of available software packages for applications in
agrometeorology, with information on their availability and proven performance;
(ii) Elaborating and proposing for approva) to the next session· of the Regional
Association a uniform scale for the assessment 'of forest fire danger;
(iii) Compiling a handbook of operational methods for frost risk forecasting for the
major crops affected by frost in the Region;
(2) To nominate the following experts as core members to serve on the group:
Z. Dunkel (Hungary).
M. Molendijk (Netherlands)
V Perarnaud (Ms) (France)
K. Heger (Germany)
T. Keawe (Ireland)
J. Lomas (Israel)
G. Marracchi (Italy)
R.M. Mata Reis (Portugal)
D. Kozinets (Ms) (Russian Federation)
P. Nejedlik (Slovakia)
I. Matajc (SEovenia)
A Marroquin (Spain)
(3) To designate Z. Dunkel (Hungary) as chairman of the working. group;
(4) That Members may nominate other experts to serve on the working group;
(5) To invite the chairman ofthe working group to submit annual progress reports on the
activities of the group and a final report to the president of the Association six months
prior to the twelfth session of the Association.
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Report of the RA VI Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology, 1998
Chairman's report
RA VI Working Group for Agricultural Meteorology
about the WG activity was carried out during 1994-1998
Activities of the Group prior to the session of the WG was held in Budapest 1-4
December 1997
The Regional Association for Europe decided to re-establish a Woking Group on
Agricultural Meteorology during its 11th meeting was held in Oslo in 1994 (Resolution 9
XI-RA VI) with six main terms of references. They were:
(a) study and summarise the description of phenological stages
(b) agrometeorological aspects of deforestation
(c) literature on modelling pest and disease
(d) agrometeorological information to increase the efficiency of energy and water use
(e) agrometeorological information used to assist agriculturists to adapt to climatic
variability
(f) agrometeorological information for oats, stone fruit and rape seed
(g-i) available software packages for applications in agrometeorology
(g-ii) assessment of forest fire danger
(g-iii) handbook of operational methods frost risk forecasting.
According to the previous nomination 12 members of group were mentioned in
original document. Four members later were nominated to work for the Group and 2
additional members were reported to WMO after the formal establishment of WG. As
chairperson ofWG Zoltan Dunkel (Hungarian Meteorological Service) was designated.
The members ofWorking Group were:
Dunkel (Hungary, chairman), Heger (Germany, pervious chairman), Keane (Ireland),
Kozinets (Russia), Leskinen (Finland), Lomas (Israel), Maracchi (Italy), Maroqquin
(Spain), Mata Reis (Portugal), Matajc (Slovenia), Molendijk (The Netherlands), Nejedlik
(Slovakia), Peramaud (France), Prokopenko (Ukraine), Rijks (invited, independent
expert), V alter (Czech Republic), Vucetic (Croatia), Zoran (Yugoslavia),
The Director of WCPD, Dr. Boldirev officially informed the chair about the
establishment ofWG and sent the necessary information about the expected activity.
According to the guidance of Director of WCPD an inquiring letter was issued. As a
results of first circular letter 11 answers were received by the chairperson. Nobody was
interested in (b) and (f) terms. The most popular term was g(i) and g(iii) because two
members were interested in both. Unfortunatelly not every member informed the chair
about plan how would like to act for the Workig Group. Because there was some
difference between the original terms of references and the members intention what to do
a preliminary or an inter-sesssion meeting was suggested to organise. Because of
regulation ofWMO this idea was not accepted. But in the original regulation it is written
that annual report must be submitted to the RA VI, no report was presented because
beside the basic information exchange no activity was executed in the firts three years of
WG's life. The WG became active only in the last year of its mandate. In 1994, 1995,
and 1996 only some general discussion was between the head of WMO Divison for
Agricultural Meteorlogy, Mr. Nicholas Gbeckor-Kove, and the chair of WG about the
duty of WG. The reason and possiblity for this discussion was given by other European
agromeetorlogical cooperation in the frame of COST Cooperation in Florence, in
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Report of the RA VI Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology, 1998
Budapest and in Volos. During the intersession period only Mr Marroquin (Spain)
informed the chair about the change of his address and position. In 1997 to prepare the
final report and a closing meeting an other inquring circular letter was issued.
Simultaneously the WJ\10 Secretariat and the President were asked to make possible the
organisation of a closing meeting of WG where the participant can discuss about the
activity of the WG, collect the recommenadtion for forthcoming RA VI meeting
regarding the agrometeorology in RA VI region and present their work was done in the
frame of WG. As a results of inquiring 18 papers were submitted in advance. The
Hungarian Meteorological Service was ready to host the closing session and help its
work with its moderate possibilities. Thanks to the Secretary-General of WMO for
making possible for Working Group to meet. As a preparartion of the meeting very
intensive correspondance was carried out in the second part of 1997 to prepare the
closing session. The chairman would like to express his thanks to Mr. Sivakumar for his
very active participation and help not only in the preparation period but during the
meeting too. His work highly promoted the work of chairman and simplified the
organisation and preparation. In the frame of Working Group only two questionnaries
were issued. One about the forest fire problem (WMO issue date was 15 August 1997),
planned and evaluated by Mr. Raul Marcos da Mata Reis and Mr. Dirk Rijks, the second
one planned (WMO issue date was 15 Januray 1998) by Mr. Attila Bussay and Pavol
Nejedlik and the issue was decided during the session was held in Budapest. The results
and evaluation of questionnaries will be presented in the final report. The results of first
questionnarie was presented and discussed on the closing meeting. In case of 2nd
questionnarie to achive a better information cover the questionnarie was disseminated
not only by the official channels of WMO but informally among the COST
Agrometeorological Actions members too.
Brief summary ofthe meeting was held in Budapest 1-4 December 1997
The meeting of the Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology of Regional
Association VI (Europe) of the World Meteorological Organization was held at the
Headquarters of the Meteorological Service of the Republic of Hungary from 1-4
December 1997. Thirteen participants attended the meeting. The meeting was opened
by Dr. I van Mersich, the Presiednt of Hungarian Meteorological Service and permanent
representaive of Hungary with WMO. On behalf of the Secretary-General of WMO,
M. V.K. Sivakumar, Acting Chief of the Agricultural Meteorology Division, welcomed
the participants. A very detailed letter was sent the WG by Professor C.J. Stigter,
President of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology of WMO, about the present
and past role of WG in the agrometerology and about the general problems of
agrometeorology. The work of session started with a discussion about the terms of
reference of the working group as contained in Resolution 9 of the Eleventh Session of
RA VI held in Oslo in 1994 were examined. The chairman in his short report offered his
apologies to the Group for the slow progress made. One of the difficulties was the lack
of funding from WMO to arrange a meeting of the Group earlier. As a ,result" of the
discussion was done during the Budapest session it seems that it is high time somehow
change the basic phylosophy of this type of WG. When the charirman expressed his
apologise that the group was not effective enough, it must be mentioned that for a four
year-period only meeting is not sufficient. Because the participation in the work of group
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