world literature

1147 Pages·2004·6.08 MB·English

Reference Guide to
WORLD
LITERATURE

THIRD EDITION

Volume 1
AUTHORS

EDITORS
SARAH PENDERGAST
and
TOM PENDERGAST

ST. JAMES REFERENCE GUIDES

American Literature

English Literature, 3 vols.

French Literature, 2 vols.

Holocaust Literature

Short Fiction

World Literature, 2 vols.

Reference Guide to World Literature, 3rd edition

Sara and Tom Pendergast

Project Editor
Kristin Hart

Editorial
Erin Bealmear, Joann Cerrito, Jim Craddock,
Stephen Cusack, Miranda H. Ferrara, Peter

M. Gareffa, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Carol
A. Schwartz, Christine Tomassini, Michael
J. Tyrkus

Manufacturing
Rhonda Williams

©2003 by St. James Press. St. James Press is an
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG NUMBER

Reference guide to world literature / editors, Sara Pendergast, Tom
Pendergast.— 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-55862-490-2 (hardcover : set) — ISBN 1-55862-491-0 (v. 1) —
ISBN 1-55862-492-9 (v. 2)
1. Literature—History and criticism. I. Pendergast, Sara. II.
Pendergast, Tom.
PN524.R44 2003
809—dc21
2002015410

ISBN: 1-55862-490-2

Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

CONTENTS

EDITOR’S NOTE vii

INTRODUCTION ix

ADVISERS xi

CONTRIBUTORS xiii

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WRITERS AND WORKS xvii

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WRITERS xxv

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WORKS xxxi

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WORKS xxxvii

REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE AUTHORS A-Z 1
REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE WORKS A-Z 1125

NOTES ON ADVISERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 1591

LANGUAGE INDEX 1615

TITLE INDEX 1623

vii

EDITOR’S NOTE

You are holding in your hands the third edition of the Reference Guide to World Literature, the second edition of which was
published in 1995 and was itself an updated and expanded edition of Great Foreign Language Writers, published in 1984.
Expanding on the coverage of these earlier works, the present edition contains some 1100 entries, divided nearly evenly between
entries on writers and literary works. The scope of the Reference Guide spans recorded history and reaches up to the present.

The Reference Guide to World Literature contains two distinct types of entries: those covering the work of an author and those
covering a literary work. Each author entry begins with a biographical summary of the subject and includes details (where known) of
the author’s birth, education and training, military service, family, career, awards, honors, and honorary degrees. Then follows a
selected list of publications by the author, and a selected list of bibliographical and critical works about the author. Finally, each
author entry contains a signed critical essay which assesses the author’s work, reputation, and influence. Each entry on a literary
work contains a brief header indicating the author and date of creation and a signed critical essay. In the case that the author of the
literary work is unknown, an introductory section provides information about the known circumstances of the work’s creation and a
brief listing of critical studies about the work.

The publications section of the author entries attempts to account for all separately published books by the author, including
translations into English. Broadsheets, single sermons and lectures, minor pamphlets, exhibition catalogs, etc., are omitted. Dates
refer to the first publication in book form unless indicated otherwise; we have attempted to list the actual year of publication, which
is sometimes different from the date given on the title page. Reprints of works including facsimile editions are generally not listed
unless they involve a revision of the title. Titles are given in modern spelling and are often in ‘‘short’’ form. They are always in italic,
except for those that are literal (i.e. non-published) translations, which appear in square brackets. The publication list may contain
some or all of the following categories:

Collections: This contains a selection of ‘‘standard’’ editions, including the most recent collection of the complete
works and of the individual genres (verse, plays, fiction, etc.). For those collections published after the author’s death,
only those that have some editorial authority are cited.

Fiction: Where it is not made apparent by the title, collections of short fiction are indicated by the inclusion of
‘‘stories’’ in parentheses after the title.

Verse: This includes collections and individual poems that were published in book form, listed chronologically by date
of publication.

Plays: This includes original plays, adaptations, and other works for the stage (libretti, ballet scenarios, etc.). Dates for
both publication and production are given. Titles are arranged chronologically by date of first performance or date of
first publication, whichever is earliest. Published English translations are listed, but not those of individual productions.

Screenplays/Television Plays/Radio Plays: These categories include original works and adaptations for these media,
listed by date of release or first broadcast.

Other: This includes publications that do not fit readily into the above categories, principally miscellanies and
nonfiction writing, such as journalism, essays, theoretical works, travel writing, memoirs, letters, etc.

A separate section contains selected works about the author. This section may contain one or both of the following categories:

Bibliography: This includes published works relating to primary and secondary literature. General bibliographies of
literary periods, genres, or counties, etc., are rarely listed.

Critical Studies: This includes critical works and biographies of the subject, listed in chronological order of
publication. This section concentrates on book-length studies in English published after 1945, although in a few cases
selected earlier material is cited. Where there is a noticeable scarcity of critical works in English, publications written in
the subject’s own language are included. On occasion articles, usually written in English, have also been listed.

EDITOR’S NOTE
REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE, 3rd EDITION

viii

This book concludes with a Title Index to the publications lists. This contains titles of all works listed in the fiction, verse, and plays
sections of each entry including titles in the writer’s original language and English translations, as well as selected important works
of nonfiction.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A reference work such as this is the product of many hands. Our thanks begin with Steven Serafin, whose guiding hand in selecting
advisers and entries and whose expertise with the languages represented in this collection were indispensable. We would like to
thank our advisers for their skill and expertise in selecting suitable entrants to include in this edition. Thanks also to the authors of the
entries; many of these authors are the acknowledged authorities on their subject, and their expertise and acumen can be clearly seen
in their thoughtful introductions to each of the subjects. We would like to thank our copyeditors, Jennifer Wallace and Michael
Najjar, as well as our contacts/friends Kristin Hart and Peter Gareffa at St. James Press. Finally, we would like to thank all those at
St. James Press whose names we do not know, but who help turn the electronic files that we work with into the reality that you
hold today.

ix

INTRODUCTION

In his letters dating from the second century AD, the Roman orator and statesman Pliny the Younger wrote of finding solace in poetry
as a means to embrace the uncertainties of life and to accept, albeit reluctantly, the inevitability of death. ‘‘Literature,’’ he said, ‘‘is
both my joy and my comfort: it can add to every happiness and there is no sorrow it cannot console.’’ The poet took refuge in his
work and sought to communicate to others the depth of his emotion and the expanse of his intellect. It is through literature that we
embrace our potential and acknowledge our limitations, and it was undoubtedly this presence of mind and spirit that forged the first
attempts at literary expression and that continues in our own time to define the essence and value of artistic endeavor.

The growth and development of literature is most often viewed as a reflection of history, mapping the evolution of human culture
and serving in its earliest renderings as either documentation or eulogy: to record for posterity or to sing praise and exaltation. It was
a task assigned to the scribe not the artist, but in time the purpose and practice of literature would evolve in form and meaning to
where the telling of the tale became as important as the tale itself. The nature of literature broadened in scope and objective to
provide entertainment as well as instruction. As a result, the reader found pleasure in literature as the imagination unfolded in stories
of gods and monsters, the death of kings, and the making of legend. If we believe as posited by philosopher Bernard Berenson that
literature is ‘‘the autobiography of humanity,’’ then we come to better know ourselves by knowing those who came before us and
those with whom we share our existence. In effect, literature becomes a means to examine and to understand the differences, as well
as the similarities, among peoples, languages, and societies. It serves to engage our expectation, to enrich our sensibilities, and to
elevate our perception of self-awareness and identity.

Designed as a complement to the St. James Reference Guides to American and British literatures, the third edition of the Reference
Guide to World Literature represents a comprehensive and authoritative survey to literatures written in languages other than English
from the earliest known manuscripts to the works of present-day writers of international stature. Merging East and West, the ancient
with the contemporary, the Reference Guide provides a broad spectrum of world literature extending from the anonymous prose and
verse of the Vedas, the sacred texts of Hinduism, originating in the third millennium BC, to the ancient Sumerian epic of Gilgamesh;
from the Hebrew texts of the Old Testament to The Iliad of Homer; from the Golden Age of Greek drama to the Indian folk epic the
Mahābhārata; from the Confessions of St. Augustine to the classical poetry of the Tang dynasty; from The Conference of the Birds
by the Persian poet Farid al-Din Attār to The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighiera; from The Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus to
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes; from Molière’s Don Juan to Goethe’s Faust; from realism and naturalism to the advent of
modernism; from existentialism to the theater of the absurd; from postmodernism to the literature of the new millennium.

The present edition provides expanded coverage of literatures in less represented languages, the primary focus being Arabic,
Chinese, and Japanese, as well as previously unrepresented languages including Albanian, Estonian, Indonesian, Kurdish, and Thai.
Writers from the Arab world added to the edition include the pre-Islamic poet Imru’ al-Qays, the poetess al-Khansā’, the classical
poet al-Mutanabbī, the Andalusian poet Ibn Khafājah, and the Sufi poets Ibn al-Fārid and Ibn al-‘Arabī and contemporary authors
such as the Iranian novelist and short-story writer Jalal Al-e Ahmad, the Egyptian short-story writer and dramatist Yūsuf Idrīs, and
the Syrian-Lebanese poet Adūnīs. Chinese authors include the Ming dynasty dramatist Tang Xianzu, the novelist Ding Ling, and
dramatist, novelist, and Nobel laureate Gao Xingjian. Japanese authors include poets Miyazawa Kenji, Hagiwara Sakutaro, and
Nishiwaki Junzaburo and novelists Lao She, Shimazaki Toson, Shiga Naoya, Ibuse Masuji, and Abe Kobo.

Authors writing in previously unrepresented languages include the Albanian novelist and poet Ismail Kadaré, the Estonian poet Jaan
Kaplinski and the poet and novelist Jaan Kross, the Indonesian novelist Pramoedya Ananta Toer and the poet Chairil Anwar, the
Kurdish poet Abdulla Goran, and the Thai novelist Siburapha. Authors from previously underrepresented literatures include East
and Central European writers such as the dramatist Václav Havel, the novelist Ivan Klíma, and the novelist Milan Kundera, writing
in Czech; the short-story writer and poet Tadeusz Borowski, and the poet and dramatist Tadeusz Różewicz, writing in Polish;
francophone and lusophone writers from North, East, and West Africa including the Moroccan novelist and poet Tahar Ben Jelloun
and the novelist Abdelkebir Khatibi, the Tunisian novelist Albert Memmi, and the Ivorian novelist Ahmadou Kourouma, writing in
French, and Mozambican poet José Craveirinha, writing in Portuguese.

This edition is also noteworthy for its expanded coverage of contemporary women writers, including the Lebanese novelist Evelyne
Accad, the Algerian novelist Assia Djebar, and the Canadian poet and novelist Nicole Brossard, writing in French; the Chilean
novelist Isabel Allende, the Nicaraguan poet and novelist Gioconda Belli, and the Argentinian novelist Luisa Valenzuela, writing in
Spanish; the Polish poet and Nobel laureate Wisława Szymborska; the Indian novelist Qurratulain Hyder, writing in Urdu; the

INTRODUCTION
REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE, 3rd EDITION

x

Italian novelist Francesca Duranti; the Russian novelist Tatyana Tolstaya; the Japanese novelist Tsushima Yuko; and the Chinese
short-story writer and novelist Li Ang. Within the context of the social and political transformation from the postwar twentieth
century to the present, the increasing representation and contribution of women on an international basis has redefined the scope and
dimension of world literature. Other major contemporary authors include the Martinican novelist Patrick Chamoiseau, writing in
French; the Hungarian novelist and short-story writer Péter Esterházy, the Danish novelist Peter Høeg; the Chinese poet Bei Dao
and the novelists Mo Yan and Su Tong; and the Japanese novelist Murakami Haruki.

Literature in the new millennium is complex as it is convoluted, informed by diverse and elements: postmodernism, multiculturalism, and
global diaspora. Yet it is the voice of Pliny the Younger that resonates to remind us of the true essence of literary endeavor: to bring
joy and comfort; to provide inspiration and understanding; to justify our being; and to bear witness on the times in which we live. As
noted by author Salman Rushdie, ‘‘Literature is where I go to explore the highest and lowest places in human society and in the
human spirit, where I hope to find not absolute truth but the truth of the tale, of the imagination and of the heart.’’

—Steven R. Serafin
Hunter College of the City University of New York

xi

ADVISERS

Roger Allen
University of Pennsylvania

Alison Bailey
University of London

Christopher Cairns
University College, Wales

Marvin Carlson
CUNY, New York

Ruby Cohn
University of California, Davis

Bogdan Czaykowski
University of British Columbia

James Diggle
Queen’s College, Cambridge

David William Foster
Arizona State University

Michael Freeman
University of Leicester

Janet Garton
University of East Anglia, Norwich

Howard Goldblatt
University of Notre Dame

Theo Hermans
University College, London

Hosea Hirata
Tufts University

Peter Hutchinson
Trinity Hall, Cambridge

R.S. McGregor
University of Cambridge

A.B. McMillin
University of London

David O’Connell
Georgia State University

P.A. Odber de Baubeta
University of Birmingham

Jerzy Peterkiewicz
London

Christopher R. Pike
University of Keele

Girdar Rathi
New Delhi

Sven H. Rossel
University of Vienna

Steven Serafin
Hunter College, CUNY, New York

G. Singh
formerly of Queen’s
University, Belfast

Peter Skrine
University of Bristol

Daniel Weissbort
University of Iowa

xiii

CONTRIBUTORS

Donald Adamson
Peter F. Ainsworth
Robin Aizlewood
Ahmed Ali
Margrethe Alexandroni
Hans Christian Andersen
J.K. Anderson
D.J. Andrews
Alireza Anushiravani
Brigitte Edith Zapp Archibald
A. James Arnold
William Arrowsmith
B. Ashbrook
Keith Aspley
Stuart Atkins
Howard Atkinson
Harry Aveling
Peter Avery

K.P. Bahadur
Ehrhard Bahr
D.R. Shackleton Bailey
David M. Bain
Barry Baldwin
Aida A. Bamia
Alan F. Bance
Gabrielle Barfoot
John Barsby
Peter I. Barta
Susan Bassnett
Edward Batley
Roderick Beaton
Janine Beichman
David Bell
Ian A. Bell
Thomas G. Bergin
Alan Best
Binghong Lu
Sandra Blane
Elizabeth Bobrick
Joan Booth
Paul W. Borgeson, Jr.
Patrick Brady
Denis Brass
Gerard J. Brault
S.H. Braund
Peter Broome
Michael Brophy
Catherine Savage Brosman
Gordon Brotherston
Jennifer Brown
Penny Brown
Dorothy Bryson
A.W. Bulloch
Alan Bullock
B. Burns

J.M. Buscall

Alessandro Cancian
Francisco Carenas
Steven D. Carter
Anthony J. Cascardi
Remo Catani
Philip Cavendish
Mary Ann Caws
Andrea C. Cervi
C. Chadwick
Roland A. Champagne
Linda H. Chance
Tom Cheeseman
Ying-Ying Chein
Diana Chlebek
Erik C. Christensen
Mirna Cicioni
John R. Clark
Stephen Clark
Shirley Clarke
David Coad
Michael Collie
Desmond J. Conacher
David Constantine
Ray Cooke
Thomas L. Cooksey
Neil Cornwell
C.D.N. Costa
Sally McMullen (Croft)
Carmen Cross
G.P. Cubbin
Jan Čulík
James M. Curtis
G.F. Cushing
Edmund Cusick
Adam Czerniawski
Lóránt Czigány

James N. Davidson
Catherine Davies
Santiago Daydi-Tolson
René de Costa
Alan Deighton
John Dickie
Sheila J. Dickson
C.E.J. Dolamore
Ken Dowden
Sam Driver
John Dunkley
Osman Durrani

Gwynne Edwards
Stanislaw Eile
Sarah Ekdawi
Robert Elsie

Herman Ermolaev
Jo Evans

Michael Falchikov
Nancy Kanach Fehsenfeld
Jane Fenoulhet
Alvaro Fernández-Bravo
Bruno Ferraro
John Fletcher
John L. Flood
A.P. Foulkes
Wallace Fowlie
Frank J. Frost
Barbara P. Fulks
Michael A. Fuller

David Gascoyne
John Gatt-Rutter
Tina Gianoulis
Margaret Gibson
Robert Gibson
Mary E. Giles
Donald Gilman
Nahum N. Glatzer
John Gledson
Gary Godfrey
Ingeborg M. Goesll
Marketa Goetz-Stankiewicz
Janet N. Gold
Sander M. Goldberg
George Gömöri
D.C.R.A. Goonetilleke
Colin Graham
Peter J. Graves
Roger Green
R.P.H. Green
Claire E. Gruzelier
Albert E. Gurganus

Oscar A. Haac
David T. Haberly
Brigid Haines
Igor Hájek
David M. Halperin
P.T. Harries
Nigel Harris
Patricia Harry
John Hart
Thomas R. Hart
E.C. Hawkesworth
Ronald Hayman
Patrick Heenan
John Hibberd
James Higgins
David Hill
Sabine Hillen

CONTRIBUTORS
REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE, 3rd EDITION

xiv

Ian Hilton
Hosea Hirata
Keith Hitchins
Leighton Hodson
Th. Emil Homerin
Edward Waters Hood
Louise Hopkins
Thomas K. Hubbard
Lothar Huber
William M. Hutchins
Lois Boe Hyslop

Margaret C. Ives

David Jackson
Tony James
Regina Janes
D.E. Jenkinson
Lewis Jillings
Jeffrey Johnson
D. Mervyn Jones
Roger Jones
W. Glyn Jones

Bożena Karwowska
Brian Keith-Smith
Hanaa Kilany
Rachel Killick
J.H. King
Peter King
Robert Kirsner
W.J.S. Kirton
Charles Klopp
A.V. Knowles
Wulf Koepke
Jack Kolbert
Kathleen L. Komar
Linn Bratteteig Konrad
David Konstan
Myrto Konstantarakos
Charles Kwong

F.J. Lamport
Jordan Lancaster
Pierre J. Lapaire
David H.J. Larmour
Rex W. Last
Dan Latimer
Renate Latimer
John Lee
Mabel Lee
André Lefevere
Harry Levin
Silvano Levy
Virginia L. Lewis
Dian Li
Emanuele Licastro
Sylvia Li-Chun Lin
Maria Manuel Lisboa
Heather Lloyd

Rosemary Lloyd
Ladislaus Löb
Rosa Lombardi
Jacqueline Long
Dagmar C.G. Lorenz
Andrea Loselle
Gregory L. Lucente
David S. Luft
Torborg Lundell
Christopher Lupke

J.F. Marfany
Gaetana Marrone
Heitor Martins
David Maskell
Eve Mason
Haydn Mason
Derek Maus
Gita May
Jane McAdoo
E.A. McCobb
Patrick McCarthy
A. McDermott
David McDuff
Richard J.A. McGregor
Martin L. McLaughlin
Alexander G. McKay
Keith McMahon
Arnold McMillin
Rory McTurk
Gordon McVay
A.J. Meech
Siegfried Mews
Vasa D. Mihailovich
Michael J. Mikós
Gary B. Miles
Paul Allen Miller
Kristina Milnor
Earl Miner
John Douglas Minyard
Masao Miyoshi
Matthew Mizenko
Edward Moran
Nicole Mosher
Warren Motte
Anna Lydia Motto
Vanna Motta
Kenneth Muir
Brian Murdoch
S.M. Murk-Jansen
Brian Murphy
Walter Musolino

William E. Naff
Susan Napier
Frank J. Nisetich
Paul Norlen

R.J. Oakley
Jeanne A. Ojala

Tom O’Neill
Dayna Oscherwitz

Seija Paddon
Cecil Parrott
Alan K.G. Paterson
Georgina Paul
D. Keith Peacock
Noel A. Peacock
Roger Pearson
Janet Pérez
Elli Philokyprou
Donald Peter Alexander Pirie
David Platton
Gordon Pocock
Beth Pollack
Valentina Polukhina
Charles A. Porter
Oralia Preble-Niemi
Michael P. Predmore
Nicole Prunster
Joseph Pucci
Judith Purver
Dušan Puvačić

Olga Ragusa
Ana M. Ranero
Judy Rawson
J.H. Reid
Robert Reid
John H. Reilly
Barbara Reynolds
Hugh Ridley
Norma Rinsler
Colin Riordan
Michael Robinson
Philip E.J. Robinson
David Rock
Eamonn Rodgers
Margaret Rogister
Michele Valerie Ronnick
Hugh Rorrison
Wendy Rosslyn
John Rothenberg
Andrew Rothwell
Donald Roy
Lisa M. Ruch
R.B. Rutherford

William Merritt Sale, III
Thomas Salumets
Jeffrey L. Sammons
N.K. Sandars
L. Natalie Sandomirsky
Gerlinde Ulm Sanford
Hélène N. Sanko
Kumiko Sato
Barbara Saunders
Barry P. Scherr
Gerd K. Schneider

CONTRIBUTORS
REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE, 3rd EDITION

xv

Thomas Schnellbächer
Irene Scobbie
Mary Scott
Edward Seidensticker
Dorothy S. Severin
Sabina Sharkey
Jocelyn Sharlet
Ruth Sharman
Barnett Shaw
David Shaw
Faiza W. Shereen
Emi Shimokawa
Shoichi Saeki
David Sices
Tony Simoes da Silva
John D. Simons
Colin Smethurst
Christopher Smith
Natalie Smith
Sarah Cox Smith
David Smyth
J. Kelly Sowards
Ronald Speirs
James Russell Stamm
Noel Stanley
Roy Starrs
Paul Starkey
C.C. Stathatos
Susan Isabel Stein
Carl Steiner
R.H. Stephenson
Eric Sterling
Mary E. Stewart

Alexander Stillmark
Elisabeth C. Stopp
Ian C. Storey
Matthew Strecher
Sarah Strong
J.R. Stubbs
Arrigo V. Subiotto
Mary Sugar
Henry W. Sullivan
Helena Szépe
Elzbieta Szoka

John E. Tailby
Myron Taylor
Anna-Marie Taylor
Philip Thody
David Thomas
Judith Thurman
Shawkat M. Toorawa
Robert M. Torrance
Tamara Trojanowska
Andrew T. Tsubaki

Sabine Vanacker
Rolf Venner
Hugo J. Verani
Maïr Verthuy
Robert Vilain
Pascale Voilley

Frank W. Walbank
Bruce Walker

Albert H. Wallace
George Walsh
J. Michael Walton
Edward Wasiolek
Bruce Watson
Shawncey J. Webb
David Welsh
Alfred D. White
Sally A. White-Wallis
Kenneth S. Whitton
Juliet Wigmore
Faith Wigzell
Mark Williams
Rhys Williams
Jason Wilson
Jerry Phillips Winfield
Michael Winkler
A.J. Woodman
M.J. Woods
Tim Woods
James B. Woodward
A. Colin Wright
Barbara Wright
Elizabeth Wright

Xiaobin Yang
John D. Yohannan
Howard T. Young
Robin Young

Magdalena J. Zaborowska
G. Zanker
Jeanne Morgan Zarucchi

xvii

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WRITERS AND WORKS

Abe Kōbō
The Woman in the Dunes
Evelyne Accad
Arthur Adamov
Professor Taranne
Adonis
Aeschylus
The Oresteia
The Persians
Prometheus Bound
The Seven Against Thebes
The Suppliant Maidens
S. Y. Agnon
Demetrio Aguilera Malta
Anna Akhmatova
Poem Without a Hero
Requiem
Akutagawa Ryūnosuke
al-Qasim ibn ‘Ali Abu Muhammad
al-Basri al-Hariri
al-Khansa’
Ahmad ibn al-Husayn Abu al-Tayyib
al-Ju’fi al-Kindi al-Mutanabbi
Imru’ al-Qays
Alain-Fournier
The Wanderer
Rafael Alberti
Jalâl Âl-e Ahmad
Plagued by the West
Vicente Aleixandre
Vittorio Alfieri
Saul
Dante Alighieri
The Divine Comedy
The New Life
Isabel Allende
The House of the Spirits
Jorge Amado
Anacreon
Hans Christian Andersen
“The Emperor’s New Clothes”
“The Snow Queen”
Carlos Drummond de Andrade
Mário de Andrade
Ivo Andrić
The Bridge on the Drina
Jerzy Andrzejewski
Ashes and Diamonds
Jean Anouilh
Antigone
Chairil Anwar
Guillaume Apollinaire
“La Chanson du mal-aimé”
“Zone”
Apollonius of Rhodes

Lucius Apuleius
Cupid and Psyche
Louis Aragon
Le Crève-coeur
Paris Peasant
Reinaldo Arenas
Pietro Aretino
La Cortigiana
José María Arguedas
Deep Rivers
Manlio Argueta
Ludovico Ariosto
Orlando Furioso
Aristophanes
The Birds
The Clouds
The Frogs
Lysistrata
Aristotle
Bettina von Arnim
Antonin Artaud
The Theatre and its Double
Miguel Ángel Asturias
The President
Farid al-Din Abu Hamid
Mohammad Attār
The Conference of the Birds
Aucassin and Nicolette
St. Augustine
The City of God
Confessions, Book I
Marcus Aurelius
Meditations
Decimus Magnus Ausonius
The Mosella
Marcel Aymé
Isaak Babel
Red Cavalry
Ingeborg Bachmann
Bai Juyi
Honoré de Balzac
Cousin Bette
Eugenie Grandet
Lost Illusions
Le Père Goriot
Henri Barbusse
Under Fire: The Story of a Squad
Bashō
Giorgio Bassani
Charles Baudelaire
“Spleen”
“To The Reader”
“Windows”
Beaumarchais
The Barber of Seville

Simone de Beauvoir
The Mandarins
The Second Sex
Samuel Beckett
Endgame
Molloy, Malone Dies, The
Unnamable
Waiting for Godot
Bei Dao
Gioconda Belli
Andrei Belyi
Petersburg
Pietro Bembo
Tahar Ben Jelloun
Gottfried Benn
“Palau”
Georges Bernanos
Thomas Bernhard
The Lime Works
Ugo Betti
Bhagavadgītā
The Bible
Willem Bilderdijk
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
Peasant Tales
Aleksandr Blok
The Twelve
Johannes Bobrowski
Giovanni Boccaccio
“The Ninth Tale of the Fifth Day
of The Decameron”
Boethius
The Consolation of Philosophy
Nicolas Boileau
The Art Of Poetry
Heinrich Böll
Group Portrait with Lady
The Lost Honor of
Katharina Blum
Jorge Luis Borges
“Death and the Compass”
Tadeusz Borowski
Sebastian Brant
The Ship of Fools
Robert Brasillach
Bertolt Brecht
Baal
The Caucasian Chalk Circle
The Good Person of Szechwan
The Life of Galileo
Mother Courage and her
Children
The Threepenny Opera
Gerbrand Adriaensz Bredero

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WRITERS AND WORKS
REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE, 3rd EDITION

xviii

Clemens Brentano
The Story of Just Caspar and
Fair Annie
André Breton
“Free Union”
Mad Love
Ode to Charles Fourier
Hermann Broch
The Death of Virgil
The Sleepwalkers
Iosif Brodskii
A Part of Speech
Nicole Brossard
Giordano Bruno
Georg Büchner
Danton’s Death
Woyzcek
Mikhail Bulgakov
The Master and Margarita
The White Guard
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin
The Gentleman from San
Francisco
Dino Buzzati
Vasil Bykaw
The Ordeal
Julius Caesar
Pedro Calderón de la Barca
The Great Stage of the World
Life is a Dream
Callimachus
Aetia
Hecale
Italo Calvino
If on a Winter’s Night a
Traveller
Luís de Camões
The Lusiads
Tommaso Campanella
Albert Camus
The Fall
The Outsider
The Plague
Elias Canetti
Auto-da-Fé
Karel Čapek
The Insect Play
R.U.R.
Ernesto Cardenal
Giosuè Carducci
Alejo Carpentier
The Kingdom Of This World
The Lost Steps
Carlo Cassola
Rosario Castellanos
Baldassarre Castiglione
Catullus
Poem 85
Three Poems: 2, 63, and 76

C. P. Cavafy
“Waiting for the Barbarians”
Guido Cavalcanti
Camilo José Cela
Pascual Duarte’s Family
Paul Celan
“Death Fugue”
Louis-Ferdinand Céline
Journey to the End of the Night
Blaise Cendrars
Luis Cernuda
Miguel de Cervantes
Don Quixote
Adelbert von Chamisso
Peter Schlemihl
Patrick Chamoiseau
René Char
Vicomte de Chateaubriand
Memoirs
René
Anton Chekhov
The Cherry Orchard
“The Lady with a Dog”
The Seagull
The Three Sisters
Uncle Vanya
Chikamatsu Monzaemon
Chrétien de Troyes
Erec and Énide
Lancelot
Christine De Pizan (or Pisan)
The Book of The City of Ladies
Cicero
In Defence of Marcus
Caelius Rufus
On Old Age
On The Commonwealth
Paul Claudel
The Satin Slipper
Claudian
The Rape of Proserpine
Hugo Claus
Jean Cocteau
The Holy Terrors
The Infernal Machine
Colette
Chéri
Vittoria Colonna
Pierre Corneille
The Cid
The Theatrical Illusion
Julio Cortázar
Louis Marie Anne Couperus
José Craveirinha
Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac
Voyages to the Moon and the Sun
Gabriele D’Annunzio
The Flame
Francesca Da Rimini
“Rain in the Pine Forest”

Daphnis and Chloe
Rubén Darío
“Mía”
Dazai Osamu
Eduardo De Filippo
Filumena Marturano
Grazia Deledda
Demosthenes
On the Crown
René Depestre
Denis Diderot
Jacques The Fatalist
The Test of Virtue
Isak Dinesen
Ding Ling
Assia Djebar
Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade
Alfred Döblin
Berlin Alexanderplatz
Heimito von Doderer
Die Strudlhofstiege
Fedor Dostoevskii
The Brothers Karamazov
Crime and Punishment
The Devils
The Idiot
Notes from the Underground
Bernardo Dovizi da Bibbina
The Dream of the Red Chamber
Annette von Droste-Hülshoff
The Jew’s Beech Tree
Joachim Du Bellay
“Heureux Qui, Comme Ulysse, a
Fait Un Beau Voyage”
Du Fu
Alexandre Dumas fils
Camille
Alexandre Dumas père
The Three Musketeers
Francesca Duranti
Marguerite Duras
Friedrich Dürrenmatt
The Physicists
The Visit
José Maria de Eça de Queirós
Umberto Eco
The Name of the Rose
Egils Saga
Günter Eich
Joseph von Eichendorff
Memoirs of a Good-for-Nothing
Mircea Eliade
Paul Éluard
“You the only one”
Odysseus Elytis
Endō Shūsaku
Silence
Quintus Ennius
Baron József Eötvös
The Village Notary

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WRITERS AND WORKS
REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE, 3rd EDITION

xix

Epic of Gilgamesh
Desiderius Erasmus
The Colloquies
The Praise of Folly
Sergei Aleksandrovich Esenin
Péter Esterházy
Euripides
Electra
Hippolytus
Ion
Medea
Orestes
The Trojan Women
Evgenii Evtushenko
Abu‘l Qāsim Ferdowsi
Georges Feydeau
A Flea in her Ear
Gustave Flaubert
Madame Bovary
Sentimental Education
“A Simple Heart”
Theodor Fontane
Before the Storm
Effi Briest
Denis Fonvizin
The Minor
Caroline de la Motte Fouqué
Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué
Anatole France
The Gods Are Athirst
Gilberto Freyre
Max Frisch
Andorra
The Fire Raisers
I’m Not Stiller
Jean Froissart
Carlos Fuentes
Gao Xingjian
Federico García Lorca
Blood Wedding
The House of Bernarda Alba
Yerma
Gabriel García Márquez
Love in the Time of Cholera
One Hundred Years of Solitude
Théophile Gautier
“Art”
Jean Genet
The Balcony
The Maids
Guido Gezelle
Asadullāh Khān Ghālib
André Gide
The Counterfeiters
The Immoralist
Natalia Ginzburg
Voices in the Evening
Jean Giono
The Hussar On The Roof

Jean Giraudoux
The Madwoman of Chaillot
Tiger At The Gates
José María Gironella
Edouard Glissant
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Elective Affinities
Faust
Goetz of Berlichingen with the
Iron Hand
The Sufferings of Young Werther
Torquato Tasso
Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship
Nikolai Gogol’
Dead Souls
“Diary of a Madman”
The Government Inspector
Golden Lotus
Carlo Goldoni
The Comic Theatre
The Mistress of the Inn
Ivan Goll
Witold Gombrowicz
Ferdydurke
Ivan Goncharov
Oblomov
Edmond and Jules de Goncourt
Luis de Góngora
Abdulla Goran
Maksim Gor’kii
The Lower Depths
“Twenty-Six Men and a Girl”
Gottfried von Strassburg
Jeremias Gotthelf
Christian Dietrich Grabbe
Günter Grass
The Tin Drum
Aleksandr Griboedov
Woes of Wit
Franz Grillparzer
Family Strife in Hapsburg
The Waves of Sea and Love
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
“Hansel and Gretel”
Hans Jakob Christoffel von
Grimmelshausen
Andreas Gryphius
Guillaume de Machaut
Jorge Guillén
Nicolás Guillén
João Guimarães Rosa
Hadewijch
Hafiz
Hagiwara Sakutarō
Knut Hamsun
Hunger
Hartmann von Aue
Jaroslav Hašek
The Good Soldier Švejk and His
Fortunes In the World War

Gerhart Hauptmann
The Weavers
Václav Havel
Friedrich Hebbel
Maria Magdalena
Heinrich Heine
“The Homecoming”
William Heinesen
Dorothea Rosa Herliany
José Hernández
The Gaucho Martín Fierro
Herodotus
Hesiod
Hermann Hesse
The Glass Bead Game
Siddhartha
Steppenwolf
Fritz Hochwälder
Peter Høeg
E. T. A. Hoffmann
The Devil’s Elixirs
Hugo von Hofmannsthal
Andreas
The Difficult Man
The Tower
Ludvig Holberg
Friedrich Hölderlin
“Bread and Wine”
Miroslav Holub
Homer
The Iliad
The Odyssey
Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft
Horace
Odes Book I, Poem 5
Odes Book IV, Poem 7
The Poetic Art
Ödön von Horváth
Tales from the Vienna Woods
Huang Chunming
Victor Hugo
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
Les Misérables
Constantijn Huygens
Joris-Karl Huysmans
Qurratulain Hyder
Muhyi al-Din Ibn al-Arabi
‘Umar Ibn al-Fârid
Ibrahim ibn Abi al-Fath Abu Ishaq
Ibn Khafajah
Henrik Ibsen
Brand
A Doll’s House
Ghosts
Hedda Gabler
The Master Builder
Peer Gynt
The Wild Duck
Ibuse Masuji
Yusuf Idris