World Fish Farming: Cultivation and Economics PDF
Preview World Fish Farming: Cultivation and Economics
WORLD FISH FARMING: CUL TIV A TION AND ECONOMICS SECOND EDITION WORLD FISH FARMING: CUL TIV ATION AND ECONOMICS SECOND EDITION E. Evan Brown, Ph.D. \\ Professor University of Georgia Athens, Georgia • aVI AVI PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Westport, Connecticut ©Copyright 1983 by THE A VI PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Westport, Connecticut Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1983 All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems-without written permission of the publisher. u.s. Front Cover Photograph Courtesy of Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Kelso, Arkansas Back Cover Photograph (Second from Left) Courtesy of Mr. Harold Koops Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Brown, E. Evan. World fish farming. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Aquaculture industry. I. Title. SH135.B76 1983 338.3'713 83-338 ISBN'13: 978'1'4684-6872-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-6870-0 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6870-0 This book is dedicated to a man who made it possible and who collaborated on the Japan chapter: Mr. S. Nishimura A man who can move mountains v Contents Dedication v Contents vii Contributors xiii Preface to the Second Edition xv Preface to the First Edition xvii Introduction 1 History of Fish Farming 1 Today's Technology 1 Goals and Organization 2 Reference 3 1 United States of America 5 Cold Freshwater Cultured Fish 5 Warmwater Cultured Fish 14 Marine Culture 50 Restocking 58 Special Acknowledgments 59 References 60 2 Canada 67 Dr. Hugh R. MacCrimmoll Imports 71 Marketing 71 Nutrition 77 Water Supplies and Use 77 Research and Education 79 Summary 80 Reference 81 3 Norway 83 Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) 84 vii viii CONTENTS Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 88 Special Acknowledgments 91 4 Sweden 93 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Atlantic Salmon 93 (Salmo salar)b01 Special Acknowledgment 95 5 Denmark 97 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 97 Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 110 European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) 110 Special Acknowledgments 111 References 111 6 Netherlands (Holland) 113 Text 113 Special Acknowledgments 114 7 Belgium and Luxembourg 117 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)b01 117 Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 118 Tench (Tinea tinea) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus) 119 Pike (Esox lucius) and Pike-Perch (Lucioperca lucioperca) 119 European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) 119 Recreation Fishing 121 Total Supply 121 Outlook 122 Special Acknowledgments 122 References 122 8 Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) 125 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 125 Carp (Cyprinus carpio)b01 132 European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) 140 Tench (Tinea tinea) 143 Common or Northern Pike (Esox lucius) 144 Recreation Fishing 144 Outlook 144 Special Acknowledgments 145 References 145 9 Switzerland 147 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 147 Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 148 Other Cultured Fish 148 Outlook 152 Special Acknowledgments 152 References 152 10 Austria 155 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 155 Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 156 Other Cultured Fish 157 CONTENTS IX Sports Fishing 157 Outlook 158 Special Acknowledgments 158 11 Italy 161 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 161 European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) 169 Black Bullhead (Ictalurus melas) 173 Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 174 Brackish Water Culture 174 Outlook 177 Special Acknowledgments 179 References 179 12 France 181 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 181 Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 201 Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 201 European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) 202 Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) 205 Crayfish (Astacus leptoctylus) 205 Hydrologic Information 207 Special Acknowledgments 208 References 208 13 Spain 211 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 211 Other Freshwater Fish 211 Marine Culture 212 European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) 212 Outlook 212 Special Acknowledgments 213 14 Portugal 215 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 215 Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 215 Marine Culture 216 Outlook 216 Special Acknowledgments 216 15 United Kingdom 219 Shawn R. Prescott Rainbow Trout 219 Salmon 221 Dover Sole and Turbot 222 Eels 222 Crayfish 222 Carp 223 Other Species 223 Outlook and Conclusions 223 Some Government Research Laboratories 224 References 224 x CONTENTS 16 Ireland 227 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 227 European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) 228 Outlook 228 Special Acknowledgments 229 17 Poland 231 Marian Leopold Pond Fish Farming 231 Lake Fish Farming 237 Fishery Management of Rivers and Dam Reservoirs 246 Other Forms of Fish Culture 248 Some Remarks on the Economics of Fish Farming in Poland 248 Outlook 251 References 255 18 Czechoslovakia 257 Jan Vacek River Management 263 Marketing, Home Consumption, and Exports of Fish 264 Research and Technical Innovation 264 Economic Aspects of Fish Culture 266 Price of Fish 271 Outlook 271 References 271 19 European USSR 273 Akiro Homma and Hiroshi Shibukawa Text 273 20 Hungary 279 Karoly Pinter Pond Farming 280 Trout Farming 284 Fish Production in Water Reservoirs 284 Utilization of Backwater Areas 286 Fish Production in Cages 289 Operational Economics 289 Marketing 291 References 294 21 Asian USSR 297 Clinton E. Atkinson Salmon 298 References 305 22 Republic of Korea 309 Koo-Byong Park Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 310 Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicus) 312 Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) 316 Others 318 Outlook 320 Special Acknowledgments 320 References 321 CONTENTS Xl 23 Japan 323 E. Evan Brown and S. Nishimura Freshwater Cultured Fish 323 Marine Cultured Fish and Shrimp 366 Restocking 385 Special Acknowledgments 386 References 387 24 People's Republic of China 391 Clinton E. Atkinson The Area 393 Freshwater Aquaculture 394 Marine Aquaculture 409 Special Acknowledgments 411 References 411 25 Taiwan 415 Dr. Hsi-Huang Chen Milkfish (Chanos chanos! 418 Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica! 420 Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonicusJ 422 Gray Mullet (Mugil cephalusJ 423 Shrimp 425 Carp 425 Outlook 426 Reference 426 26 Israel 429 Dr. G.W. Wohlfarth History 429 Ponds 430 Production Methods 431 Propagation 431 Feeding 432 Fertilizing and Manuring 433 Fish Stocked in Production Ponds 433 Genetic Improvement 435 Marketing 435 Diseases and Parasites 436 Equipment 436 Extension Service 436 Research 437 Future Trends 437 Special Acknowledgments 438 References 438 27 Thailand 441 Wiang Chuapoehuk History of Aquaculture 441 Aquaculture Practices and Techniques 442 Marketing System 456 References 456
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