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Contributions to Economics Alexander Bulatov   Editor World Economy and International Business Theories, Trends, and Challenges Contributions to Economics The series Contributions to Economics provides an outlet for innovative research in all areas of economics. Books published in the series are primarily monographs and multiple author works that present new research results on a clearly defined topic, but contributed volumes and conference proceedings are also considered. All books are published in print and ebook and disseminated and promoted globally. The series and the volumes published in it are indexed by Scopus and ISI (selected volumes). Alexander Bulatov Editor World Economy and International Business Theories, Trends, and Challenges Editor Alexander Bulatov Moscow State Institute of International Relations Moscow, Russia ISSN 1431-1933 ISSN 2197-7178 (electronic) Contributions to Economics ISBN 978-3-031-20327-5 ISBN 978-3-031-20328-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20328-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface With its integrated picture of the world economy, global business environment, and international business, this book is distinctive in its field. It combines a textbook approach with a survey approach. These elements make the book appropriate for various disciplines, including World (Global) Economy, Global Business (Economic) Environment, and International (Global) Business, Applied Economics. At the same time, some chapters would be of interest for academics and practitioners due to their research style. All authors of the book, experts in their academic fields, make its content as academic as lucid. The book consists of three parts. The first—World Economy and Global Economy—starts with chapters on typology, principal conceptions and theories of global economy, and world economy dynamics and major trends, with special focus on the evolution of national economic systems and regional and inter-regional inte- gration. In the next chapters, human, real, financial, and natural assets of the world are analyzed. In the end of this part, the focus is on global challenges—environmental, backwardness and modernization, and social challenges. The second part—Global Business Environment: Countries and Regions— contains chapters analyzing the economic systems of developed economies (USA, EU, developed Asia) as well as less developed ones (China, India, South East Asia, the Near and Middle East, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, post-Soviet economies). The third part—International Business: Macro and Micro Aspects—starts with chapters on the balance of payments (as a principal macrodocument for international business of a country), global economic governance and international economic orga- nizations, capital frows, multinational enterprises, global value chains, and capital markets. Subsequently, the book concentrates on chapters analyzing the multilateral trade system and global trade regulation, world markets of goods and services, global marketing, purchases and sales transactions in international business, international payments and currency markets, and knowledge transfer. This part ends in chapters on international labor migration, foreign aid, foreign debt, and business culture. The authors of the book proceeded from the following: v vi Preface . there is no need to present the relevant sections of economics in detail, given students have studied it (first of all in the framework of international economics), but it makes sense to tie this theory with the outlined material or to remind the reader about it. This is done in many chapters, but is first done in chapter “Concepts and Theories of Global Economy”; . the book is written in a succinct style where it is possible, although this was not always possible, firstly due to the need to use large arrays of statistics and facts, and, most importantly, due to the different interests of the readers (one is interested in the economy of Latin American countries, and another is not). Therefore, the textbook is written with a proviso that not all of its chapters are mandatory for study; . a reader is less interested in statistics than in trends and challenges faced by the world economy and global economy, global business environment, and interna- tional business. Therefore, in most chapters, statistics serve simply as a basis for economic analysis, and at the same time so that the reader may ply their skills of this analysis. All chapters are supplied with tables, graphs, or diagrams, as well as conclusions and references; and . a reader needs practical skills, especially related to international business. The authors tried as far as possible to do this in their chapters, including the use of boxes, examples, and case studies. Moscow, Russia Alexander Bulatov Contents World and Global Economy World and Global Economy, Global Business Environment, and International Business: Nature, Formation, and Structure ......... 3 Alexander Bulatov Concepts and Theories of Global Economy .......................... 23 Alexander Bulatov and Alexey Drynochkin World Economy: Growth, Proportions, Efficiency, and Forecasting .... 37 Alexander Bulatov World Economy Major Trends: New Normal, The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Globalization, Sustainable Development ........ 57 Alexander Bulatov and Boris Kheifets World Economy Major Trends: Evolution of National Economic Systems ........................................................... 79 Alexander Bulatov World Economy Major Trends: International Economic Integration ........................................................ 93 Alexey Drynochkin, Andrey Fedorchenko, Andrzej Habarta, Nikolay Kaveshnikov, Elena Komkova, Galina Kostyunina, and Evgenia Morozenskaya Resources of World Economy: Human Capital ....................... 123 Alexander Bulatov, Larissa Kapitsa, and Irina Potapova Resources of World Economy: Real Capital .......................... 153 Alexander Bulatov, Egor Pak, Marina Petrova, Irina Potapova, Lilia Revenko, Egor Sergeev, and Alexey Sidorov Resources of World Economy: Financial Capital ..................... 185 Vasily Tkachev, Maxim Petrov, and Svetlana Pertseva vii viii Contents Resources of World Economy: Natural Resources .................... 201 Vladimir Gorbanyov and Irina Mitrofanova Global Challenges: Environment .................................... 213 Natalia Piskulova and Vladimir Gorbanyov Global Challenges: Backwardness and Modernization ................ 235 Alexander Bulatov Global Challenges: Social Problems ................................. 243 Larissa Kapitsa and Maria Apanovich Global Business Environment: Countries and Regions Developed Economies as a Group ................................... 261 Alexander Bulatov USA .............................................................. 271 Victor Supyan European Union ................................................... 299 Andrzej Habarta, Zhanna Komissarova, Elena Maslova, Christina Nadashvili, Boris Zaritskiy, Egor Sergeev, Elena Sidorova, Anna Tsibulina, and Alexey Volkov Developed Economies of Asia ....................................... 337 Sofia Rebrey Less-Developed Economies as a Group .............................. 361 Alexander Bulatov and Denis Elagin China ............................................................ 385 Vyacheslav Karlusov and Denis Kalashnikov India ............................................................. 413 Natalya Galistcheva Southeast Asia .................................................... 439 Denis Kalashnikov The Near and Middle East ......................................... 455 Sergey Jdanov, Andrey Fedorchenko, Nigyar Masumova, and Nina Mamedova Latin America .................................................... 479 Andrzej Habarta Sub-Saharan Africa ............................................... 495 Evgenia Morozenskaya Russia and Other Post-Soviet Economies ............................ 513 Alexander Bulatov, Yuri Kvashnin, Nina Mamedova, and Irina Potapova Contents ix International Business: Macro and Micro Aspects Balance of Payments ............................................... 547 Alexander Bulatov Global Economic Governance and International Economic Organizations ..................................................... 563 Vladimir Zuev, Elena Ostrovskaya, and Marina Simonova Global Capital Flows .............................................. 585 Alexander Bulatov Multinational Enterprises .......................................... 599 Alexey Kuznetsov Global Value Chains ............................................... 611 Natalya Konina Global Financial Market ........................................... 619 Svetlana Pertseva, Galina Panova, and Maxim Petrov International Trade in Goods and Services ........................... 657 Tatiana Isachenko, Dmitry Aleshin, Oleg Savelyev, and Darya Soldatenko Multilateral Trading System and Global Trade Regulation ............ 677 Tatiana Isachenko and Ekaterina Arapova World Markets of Goods and Services ............................... 693 Lilia Revenko Marketing in Global Business ....................................... 707 Raissa Nozdreva, Natalya Konina, and Elena Ponomareva International Trade Purchase and Sale Transactions .................. 721 Olga Degtyareva International Settlements and Payments, Global Foreign Exchange Market ........................................................... 751 Irina Platonova International Knowledge Transfer .................................. 765 Petr Kasatkin, Andrey Sumin, and Natalya Shelyubskaya International Labour Migration .................................... 783 Irina Platonova Foreign Aid ....................................................... 793 Natalya Galistcheva

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