World Civilizations, Volume 1: To 1700, 5th Edition

448 Pages·2007·26.85 MB·English

by  Philip J. Adler

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ORLD
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IVILI ZATIONS
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IVILI ZATIONS

Philip J. Adler
East Carolina University
Randall L. Pouwels
University of Central Arkansas
Australia • Canada • Mexico • Singapore • Spain
United Kingdom • United States
World Civilizations, Fifth Edition
Volume I: To 1700
Philip J. Adler
Randall L. Pouwels
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ISBN-13: 978-0-495-50261-6
ISBN-10: 0-495-50261-8
For Gracie, an historical event To Claire Haney Pouwels in
—Philip Adler loving memory
—Randall L. Pouwels
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Brief Contents
Maps xvii Worldview TWO: Classical
Mediterranean Civilizations,
Preface xix
 BCE– CE 146
About the Authors xxix
Introduction to the Student xxx
Part THREE: Equilibrium Among
Polycentric Civilizations,
– CE 148
Part ONE: Ancient Civilizations,
– BCE 2
11 Th e Americas Before Columbus 150
1 Th e Earliest Human Societies 5
12 Africa from Kush to the Fifteenth
Century 166
2 Mesopotamia 17
13 Islam 181
3 Egypt 30
14 Mature Islamic Society and
4 Warriors and Deities in the Near
Institutions 193
East 42
15 Indian Civilization in Its Golden
5 India’s Beginnings 55
Age 203
6 Ancient China to 500 BCE 67
16 Empire of the Middle: China to the
Mongol Conquest 214
Worldview ONE: Ancient Civilizations,
– BCE 80
17 Japan and Southeast Asia 227
18 Th e European Middle Ages 242
Part TWO: Classical
Mediterranean Civilizations,
19 Th e Mongol Intrusion 258
 BCE– CE 82
20 Late Medieval Troubles 268
7 Th e Greek Adventure 84
21 Th e European Renaissance 279
8 Greek Humanism, 800–100 BCE 98
Worldview THREE: Equilibrium
Among Polycentric Civilizations,
9 Rome: City-State to Empire 110
 CE– CE 292
10 Imperial Decline and the Birth of
Christian Europe 128
vii
Part FOUR: Disequilibrium: The 27 Japan in the Era of European
Western Encounter with the Expansion 363
Non-Western World, –
CE 296 28 From Conquest to Colonies in
Hispanic America 374
22 A Larger World Opens 298 Worldview FOUR: Disequilibrium:
The Western Encounter with the
23 Th e Protestant Reformation 310 Non-Western World, –
C.E. 384
24 Th e Rise and Fall of the Muslim
Empires 322 Glossary G-1
Answers to Test Your Knowledge A-1
25 Foundations of the European
Credits C-1
States 334
Index I-1
26 China from the Ming Th rough the
Early Qing Dynasty 352
Contents
Maps xvii
Trade and an Expansion Of Scale 27
Preface xix Successors to Sumeria 27
Th e Decline of Mesopotamia In World
About the Authors xxix
History 28
Introduction to the Student xxx
3 Egypt 30
Th e Natural Environment and People of
Egypt 30
Part ONE: Ancient Civilizations,
– BCE  PATTERNS OF BELIEF: Hymn to the Nile 31
Th e Pharaoh: Egypt’s God-King 33
Government Under the Pharaoh 33
1 Th e Earliest Human Societies 5
Th e Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and
A Few Defi nitions of Terms 6
New Kingdom 34
Th e Evolving Past 7
Th e Paleolithic Age 7 EVIDENCE OF THE PAST: The Egyptian
Priesthood 35
EVIDENCE OF THE PAST: Unearthing Our
Ancestors 8 Cultural Achievements 35
Philosophy, Religion, and Eternal Life 37
Human Development During the
Paleolithic 9 EVIDENCE OF THE PAST: “Wonderful Things!” 38
Th e Neolithic Age: Agriculture 9
Egypt and Mesopotamia: Contrasts 39
EVIDENCE OF THE PAST: Paleolithic Art 10 Trade and Egypt’s Infl uence 39
Agrarian and Irrigation Civilizations 12
4 Warriors and Deities in the Near
Metal And Its Uses 14
East 42
Th e Assyrian Empire 42
2 Mesopotamia 17
Th e Phoenicians 44
Neolithic Southwest Asia 17
Th e Persians 45
Sumerian Civilization 18
Earning a Living 19 PATTERNS OF BELIEF: Zarathustra’s Vision 46
Religion and the Afterlife 19
Th e Persian Empire 46
PATTERNS OF BELIEF: The Epic of Gilgamesh 22 Th e Hebrews 47
Jewish Religious Belief and Its Evolution 48
Mathematics and Chronology 23
Th e Evolution of Writing 23 LAW AND GOVERNMENT: King Solomon 49
Law 24
Economic Change and Social Customs 50
Government and Social Structure 24
A Changing Th eology 51
LAW AND GOVERNMENT: Hammurabi 25
EVIDENCE OF THE PAST: The Dead Sea Scrolls 52
Th e Status of Women 26
ix