Working With Adolescents sociAl Work PrActice With children And FAmilies nancy Boyd Webb, series editor Working with Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners Julie Anne Laser and Nicole Nicotera Child Development: A Practitioner’s Guide, Third Edition Douglas Davies Helping Bereaved Children: A Handbook for Practitioners, Third Edition Nancy Boyd Webb, Editor Social Work in Schools: Principles and Practice Linda Openshaw Working with Traumatized Youth in Child Welfare Nancy Boyd Webb, Editor Group Work with Adolescents: Principles and Practice, Second Edition Andrew Malekoff Mass Trauma and Violence: Helping Families and Children Cope Nancy Boyd Webb, Editor Culturally Competent Practice with Immigrant and Refugee Children and Families Rowena Fong, Editor Social Work Practice with Children, Second Edition Nancy Boyd Webb Complex Adoption and Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Developmental Approach to Clinical Practice Vivian B. Shapiro, Janet R. Shapiro, and Isabel H. Paret Working with A dolescents A Guide for PrActitioners Julie Anne laser nicole nicotera Series Editor’s Note by Nancy Boyd Webb Foreword by Jeffrey M. Jenson THE GUILFORD PRESS new York london © 2011 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012 www.guilford.com All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher. Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Laser, Julie Anne. Working with adolescents : a guide for practitioners / by Julie Anne Laser and Nicole Nicotera. p. cm. — (Social work practice with children and families) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60918-035-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Social work with teenagers. 2. Adolescent psychology. 3. Teenagers— Counseling of. 4. Teenagers—Family relationships. I. Nicotera, Nicole. II. Title. HV1421.L373 2011 362.7—dc22 2010040073 To Tom Luster, who died during the writing of this book I have learned to be a scholar, a professor, and a better human being through knowing Tom. He taught me how to think critically, to scrutinize the details, but to always try to find the meaning of the results in the “big picture.” He taught me how to use research results to improve human functioning for children, youth, and society. He taught me that one needed to always push oneself to know more, to think more deeply, to question one’s own ideas, and to humbly share those ideas with others. He taught me that learning happens in- and outside of the “ivory towers” of the academic world and that one can learn equally from theoretical geniuses like Uri Bronfenbrenner or from Sismayo and the other “Lost Boys of the Sudan” who were “found” by Tom and his wife, Carol. He taught me how to run a graduate classroom, to expect the highest level of performance, but to always respect the student for who he or she was and where he or she was coming from, and to want each student to succeed to his or her highest potential. Tom taught me, by example, that even though he had a million things to do, he had time for each student’s questions and to sit with him or her until he or she understood. Throughout the dissertation process with my students, I try to channel what Tom taught me to my students, and thereby his knowledge that was shared with me lives on in many others whom he never met. He taught me that academia was a place where you could both be a scholar and a great parent. Though I had met them only briefly, he kept me abreast of his children’s academic, athletic, and life pursuits. He was so proud of Anna’s and Ben’s accomplishments and the adults they had become. He taught me that even though we were studying serious issues, there was always time to laugh, especially at ourselves. He taught me what to expect from the academic world as a professor and gave me great counsel when it did not act as expected. He is and will be sorely missed. —Julie Anne lAser About the Authors Julie Anne Laser, PhD, MSW, LCSW, is Associate Professor in the Gradu- ate School of Social Work at the University of Denver, where she coordi- nates the high-risk youth track of the MSW curriculum as well as teaches in the clinical and research series. Dr. Laser’s research focus is on adolescent resiliency, particularly the relevance of specific ecological and internal protective and risk factors by culture and gender. She recently completed large studies of resilience in Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and Senegalese youth and homeless teens in the United States. Projects are under way to evaluate resilience in Latin American youth. Dr. Laser has more than 20 years of clinical social work experience and has worked in Mexico, Switzer- land, Japan, and China, as well as a variety of urban and rural settings in the United States. She is particularly interested in school social work. Nicole Nicotera, PhD, MSW, LICSW, is Associate Professor in the Gradu- ate School of Social Work at the University of Denver, where she teaches clinical practice theories and skills and a doctoral research course in quali- tative analysis. Dr. Nicotera’s research and scholarship focus on measuring civic development in children, interventions to enhance civic leadership and positive youth development, the influences of neighborhood collective socialization and social cohesion on young people, and issues of unearned privilege and oppression in social work practice, education, and research. Her recent research with young people in public housing neighborhoods examines civic engagement and the capacity of youth to act as agents of neighborhood change. As a clinical social worker, Dr. Nicotera worked with children, youth, and families in a community mental health center, where she used art, play, and sand-tray therapies, as well as other interven- tion modalities. She also has extensive school social work experience with seriously emotionally and behaviorally challenged children. vii contributing Authors Douglas Davies, PhD, MSW, is Lecturer at the School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Dr. Davies is an infant mental health specialist who was trained at the Child Development Project at the University of Michigan (Selma Fraiberg, Director). From 1979 to 1995 he was a Clinical Social Worker/Social Work Specialist in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient and Infant Psychiatry Programs in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Michigan. From 1991 to 2000 he was Lecturer in Psychiatry at the University of Michigan Medical School. In 2005 he was elected to the National Academies of Practice, Washington DC, as a “Distinguished Social Work Practitioner,” and in 2007 received a lifetime award, the Selma Fraiberg Award, from the Michigan Association for Infant Men- tal Health. His clinical research interests are in intervention with toddlers and par- ents, treatment of trauma in young children, therapy of young cancer survivors, and child care consultation. He has published several clinical articles on these top- ics. His 2010 book, Child Development: A Practitioner’s Guide, Third Edition (Guilford Press), describes how to apply child development theory to clinical practice. In his practice, Dr. Davies works with children, adolescents, and parents; supervises clinicians individually and in groups; and consults to mental health agencies and child care centers. Jeffrey M. Jenson, PhD, is the Philip D. and Eleanor G. Winn Professor for Chil- dren and Youth at Risk and Associate Dean for Research in the Graduate School of Social Work at the University of Denver. Dr. Jenson’s teaching and research inter- ests focus on the etiology, prevention, and treatment of childhood and adolescent aggression, juvenile delinquency, and substance abuse. He has published three books and numerous articles on the topic of adolescent problem behavior. His recent book, Social Policy for Children and Youth: A Risk and Resilience Perspective (with Mark Fraser), was the 2008 recipient of the Society for Research on Adolescence Social Policy Award for Best Edited Book. Dr. Jenson is currently principal inves- tigator of the Youth Empowerment Project, an investigation aimed at improving academic and behavioral outcomes among youth residing in four Denver public housing communities. He was recently principal investigator of the Youth Matters Denver Public Schools Prevention Project, a randomized trial assessing the effects ix