Workbook/Note-Guide to accompany Videos - Chemistry Professor

286 Pages·2010·2.05 MB·English

by  Dr. Sandra Etheridge

Workbook/Note-Guide
to accompany

Videos
Second Edition

Sandra Y. Etheridge, Ph.D
Workbook/Note-Guide
to accompany
Fundamentals of Chemistry
Videos

Second Edition

Sandra Y. Etheridge, Ph.D.
Information on these discs utilized with permission of
Gulf Coast Community College. The college does not
provide support for this version of the software, and all
questions and concerns must be directed to Chemistry
Professor. ©2008 All rights reserved

All rights reserved. No part of this workbook/note-guide may be reproduced in any form
without permission in writing from Chemistry Professor.

Chemistry Professor is a trademark of Sandra Y. Etheridge, Chemistry Education, LLC

©
2008, Chemistry Professor
Youngstown, Florida, 32466
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Introduction

Fundamentals of Chemistry is a course that covers the topics addressed in most high
school chemistry courses or college introductory chemistry courses. Many programs of
study at the college level require a good high school course or introductory course before
entering college chemistry as a way of giving students a good background for future
study. Thus, the topics addressed in this introductory course are designed to prepare
students who may need to take college chemistry at some point in their education.

The videos used for this course were made in the studios at Gulf Coast Community
College by Dr. Sandra Etheridge and were originally designed to meet the needs of
students taking chemistry by distance education, students who did not have the
opportunity to sit in lectures. The DVDs are copies of those distance education videos
and are made available courtesy of Gulf Coast Community College.

The workbook/noteguide written by Dr. Etheridge is designed to facilitate organized and
complete note-taking to be used for this study. The workbook matches the videos exactly
since Dr. Etheridge wrote both the course and the workbook/note guide. If a mistake is
made on the video, the error and correction are pointed out in the noteguide. Further,
tables and charts needed at certain points in the lecture are provided at those points in the
noteguide. Notations of appropriate points at which to pause the video for problem
solving appear in the noteguide, and utilizing those pauses as suggested greatly facilitates
learning. For those reasons it has been found that students benefit significantly from
properly using the noteguide. It is such an effective aid that students enrolling in the
lecture course at the college frequently purchase the noteguide to assist their note taking
and learning.

It is suggested that individuals viewing these videos have had either a high school or
college course in algebra. Although it is possible to deal with the material without the
algebra background, not having an algebra background makes problem solving
significantly more difficult for the student. It is also suggested that students have access
to a good chemistry textbook since that reference could be used to answer questions that
might arise, as well as provide additional problems for practice and a variety of reference
tables to aid in solving problems.

This video course may be used with virtually any textbook being used and it is important
that the student have a textbook for this course. If someone is using the videos and note-
guide for review or prep purposes and plans to acquire a textbook, any high school level,
or introductory college level textbook should be fine. The high school textbook should
be a two semester text and be published no earlier than 2000 since terminology tends to
change with passing time.

If the textbook has a study guide published by the same company that published the text,
that study guide could be quite helpful in that it may provide additional information,
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sample test questions, and suggestions for additional reading. However, many students
progress well without having that accompanying study guide.

This workbook/noteguide will provide a detailed fit for the video being watched. The
problems and questions will appear in this workbook, just as they appear on the video and
ample room is left for work and appropriate notes. This document guides the taking of
notes, working of problems, and answering questions posed on the videos. Further, it
provides the supplementary materials to match materials utilized in the
videotapes/DVD’s, such as a table of oxidation numbers, activity series, etc.

There may be certain information a student will need to study or prepare prior to
beginning related sections of the course. The workbook/noteguide will provide
direction to those items of information or direct preparative study, and more importantly
will provide a guide for note-taking.

All introductory chemistry courses are not organized in the same manner. The American
Chemical Society provided recommended content information to members regarding
these courses, but did not specify the order in which topics were to be addressed.
Although Professor Etheridge has included the topics she felt most critical to her students
in their introduction to chemistry, she does not guarantee that her choice of topics will be
the same as those of an instructor directing chemistry study at the institution being
attended by the viewer.

Students who plan to take advanced placement chemistry find this course provides
significant assistance in preparation for that advanced course, just as it would aid in
providing background for students in any first-year college chemistry course. Having
some solid foundation in the chemistry terminology, as well as experience with chemistry
problem solving is a decided benefit for advanced placement chemistry.

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Table of Contents

Unit Page

1. Introduction 1
(Lesson 1)
Points of Inquiry 1
What you will need for the course 2
The Calculator 2
Using the Textbook 3

2. The Tools We Need 5
(Lessons 2 – 4)
Points of Inquiry 5
Scientific Notation 6
Measurements 7
The Metric System 8
Problem Solving 9
Significant Figures 10
Rounding Off 11
Density and Specific Gravity 12
Temperature and Heat 14
Exercises 16
Quick Quiz 17

3. A First Look at Matter 19
(Lesson 5)
Points of Inquiry 19
Matter and the States of Matter 20
Properties and Changes 21
Elements and Compounds 22
Substances and Mixtures 22
Exercises 25
Quick Quiz 27

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4. The Stuff of Matter 29
(Lessons 6 – 8)
Points of Inquiry 29
Elements 30
Beginnings of Atomic Theory 31
Atomic Structure – 3 Great Minds 31
Atoms and Isotopes 33
The Periodic Table 35
Ions and How They Form 38
Ionic Compounds 39
Exercises 41
Quick Quiz 45

5. Nomenclature 47
(Lessons 9-10)
Points of Inquiry 47
Introduction 48
Binary – 2 Non-metals 49
Binary – Metal & Non-metal 50
Binary – Acids 53
Ternary – Acids 54
Ternary – Metal & Radical 56
Miscellaneous 57
Common Names 57
Exercises 58
Quick Quiz 61

6. Introduction to Reactions 63
(Lesson 11)
Points of Inquiry 63
Introduction 64
Characteristics of Reactions 64
Information from Equations 65
Balancing Chemical Equations 66
Exercises 68.
Quick Quiz 71

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7. Reactions in Solution 73
(Lessons 12 - 14)
Points of Inquiry 73
The Chemistry of Dissolving 74
Net and Total Ionic Equations 78
Acids and Bases 79
Metathetical Reactions 79
Single Replacement Reactions 80
Exercises 82
Quick Quiz 85

8. Other Types of Reactions 87
(Lesson 15)
Points of Inquiry 87
Simple Combination Reactions 88
Combustion 89
Decomposition 89
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 90
Exercises 92
Reaction Review/Exercises 93
Quick Quiz 95

9. The Mole and Chemical Formulas 97
(Lessons 16 – 18)
Points of Inquiry 97
Relative Weights 98
The Mole 100
Percent Composition 104
Empirical Formulas 105
Molecular Formulas 107
Exercises 108
Quick Quiz 111

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10. Calculations from Chemical Equations 113
(Lessons 19-20)
Points of Inquiry 113
Introduction 114
Calculations from Equations 115
Limiting Reagents 118
Percent Yields 119
Exercises 121
Quick Quiz 123

11. Energy in Reactions 125
(Lessons 21-22)
Points of Inquiry 125
Definitions 126
Classifying Energy 127
Exothermic and Endothermic Processes 127
Hess’s Law 128
Specific Heat Capacity 128
Biofuels 131
Exercises 132
Quick Quiz 133

12. Atomic Theory 135
(Lessons 23-28)
Points of Inquiry 135
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 136
A History Lesson 138
The Bohr Model 138
The Wave Mechanical Model 139
Electron Configurations 140
The Periodic Table (again) 146
Ionization energy 148
Size of Atoms 149
Electron Affinity 150
Electronegativity 151
Isoelectronic Series 152
Electron Configuration of Ions 153
Exercises 154
Quick Quiz 157
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13. Bonding 159
(Lessons 29 – 31)
Points of Inquiry 159
Ionic Bonds 160
Properties of Ionic Compounds 162
Covalent Bonds 162
Molecular Geometry 163
Lewis Dot Structures 165
Polar Molecules 168
Exercises 170
Quick Quiz 173

14. Gases and the Gas Laws 175
(Lessons 32 – 35)
Points of Inquiry 175
Kinetic Molecular Theory 176
Boyle’s Law 177
Charles Law 179
General Gas Law 181
Dalton’s Law 183
The Ideal Gas Law 185
Calculations from Equations 186
Exercises 188
Quick Quiz 191

15. Solids and Liquids 193
(Lessons 36 – 37)
Points of Inquiry 193
The Properties of Water 194
Changes of State 195
Forces of Attraction 197
Bonding in Solids 200
Bonding in Metals 201
Exercises 202
Quick Quiz 205
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