Work, Regulation, and Identity in Provincial France: The Bordeaux Leather Trades, 1740–1815

307 Pages·2014·1.899 MB·English

by  Daniel Heimmermann (auth.)

Work, Regulation, and Identity in
Provincial France
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Work, Regulation, and Identity
in Provincial France
The Bordeaux Leather Trades, 1740–1815
DanielHeimmermann
work,regulation,andidentityinprovincialfrance
Copyright©DanielHeimmermann,2014.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-43855-3
Allrightsreserved.
Firstpublishedin2014by
PALGRAVEMACMILLAN®
intheUnitedStates—adivisionofSt.Martin’sPressLLC,
175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010.
WherethisbookisdistributedintheUK,EuropeandtherestoftheWorld,
thisisbyPalgraveMacmillan,adivisionofMacmillanPublishersLimited,
registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,
Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS.
PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabove
companiesandhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld.
Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnited
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ISBN 978-1-349-49399-9 ISBN 978-1-137-43859-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137438591
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Heimmermann,Daniel.
Work,regulation,andidentityinprovincialFrance:theBordeauxleather
artisans,1740–1815/DanielHeimmermann.
pages cm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978–1–137–43855–3(hardback:alk.paper)
1. Leatherindustryandtrade—France—Bordeaux(Aquitaine)—
History—18thcentury. 2. Leatherworkers—France—Bordeaux
(Aquitaine)—History—18thcentury. 3. Guilds—France—Bordeaux
(Aquitaine)—History—18thcentury. 4. Bordeaux(Aquitaine,
France)—Economicconditions—18thcentury. 5. Bordeaux
(Aquitaine,France)—History—18thcentury. I. Title.
HD9780.F82H452014
331.7(cid:2)67520944714409033—dc23 2014006205
AcataloguerecordofthebookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
DesignbyIntegraSoftwareServices
Firstedition:August2014
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
TomyparentsCarlandLucyHeimmermanninmemory.
TomywifeClaudiainlove.
TomydaughterLucieinhope.
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Contents
ListofTablesandFigures ix
Acknowledgments xi
ListofAbbreviationsandNoteonSpelling xiii
Introduction 1
1 Nature,Work,Regulation,andtheBordeaux
Leather-ManufacturingEconomy 3
2 RegulationandEconomicActivity:TheBordeaux
ShoemakingEconomy 39
3 TheGuildCommunities 67
4 ApprenticesandJourneymen 85
5 EstablishmentintheBordeauxLeatherTrades 127
6 PatronLeatherArtisans 149
7 Reform,Revolution,Abolition,andBeyond 171
8 Epilogue 201
Notes 205
Bibliography 267
Index 285
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Tables and Figures
Tables
1.1 DistributionoflaborintheBordeauxtanningtrade,1759 20
5.1 AnnualnumberofreceptionsintotheBordeauxleather
tradeguilds 133
5.2 Numberofleathertradeguildmastersbyyear 134
5.3 Numberofleathertradeguildmasters(1762–1777) 134
5.4 IdentityofrecipientsofBordeauxleathertrademasterships 136
6.1 Averagemarriagecontributions(inlivres)ofBordeaux
leathertradecouples 152
6.2 DouairesstipulatedinmarriagecontractsofBordeauxpatron
leathertradesmen 155
6.3 LiteracyratesofBordeauxleathertradeartisans
andtheirwives 156
6.4 DistributionoflaborintheBordeauxleathertrades 162
6.5 MediantaxassessmentofBordeauxleather
tradesmen(1777) 165
6.6 ValuesofpropertyownedbyBordeauxleather
tradesmen(1752) 166
Figures
1.1 Tanner:RiverWork 10
1.2 Tanner:LimeCisternWork 11
1.3 Tanner:VatWork 12
1.4 Tanner:PitWork 12
1.5 Chamois-makerandLeather-dresser 13
1.6 Currier 13
1.7 Parchment-maker 14
2.1 ShoemakerandBootmaker 56
4.1 Harness-maker 96
4.2 Glove-maker 96