Work, Jobs, and Occupations: A Critical Review of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles PDF
Preview Work, Jobs, and Occupations: A Critical Review of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles
i WORK, JOBS, AND OCCUPATIONS: A Critical Review of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles ANN R.MILLER DONALD J.TREIMAN PAMELA S.CAIN PATRICIA A.ROOS Editors Committee on Occupational Classification and Analysis Assembly of Behavioral and Social Sciences National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1980 About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to the original; line lengths, word breaks, heading styles, and other typesetting-specific formatting, however, cannot be retained, and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. ii NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sci- ences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of further- ing knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its Congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a private, non-profit, self-governing membership corpora- tion. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were estab- lished in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the Academy of Sciences. The material in this project was prepared under grant no. 21-11-77-35 from the Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, under the authority of Title III, Part B, of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973. Researchers undertaking such projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their professional judgment. There- fore, points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent the official position or policy of the Department of Labor. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data National Research Council. Committee on Occupational Classification and Analysis. Work, Jobs, and Occupations. Bibliography: p. 1. United States. Employment Service. Dictionary of occupational titles. 2. United States— Occupations. 3. Occupations—Dictionaries. 4. Occupations—Classification. I. Miller, Ann Ratner. II. Title. HB2595.N37 1980 331.7•003 80–24653 ISBN 0-309-03093-5 Available from NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418 Printed in the United States of America About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to the original; line lengths, word breaks, heading styles, and other typesetting-specific formatting, however, cannot be retained, and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. iii COMMITTEE ON OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS ANN R.MILLER (Chairman),Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania DAVID P.CAMPBELL, Vice President of Research and Programs, Center for Creative Leadership MARY DUNLAP,University of Texas School of Law G.FRANKLIN EDWARDS,Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Howard University RICHARD C.EDWARDS,Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts LEON FESTINGER,Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research GARY D.GOTTFREDSON,Center for Social Organization of Schools, Johns Hopkins University JOHN A.HARTIGAN,Department of Statistics, Yale University DORIS P.HAYWOOD, Assistant Vice President,Human Resources, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. WESLEY R.LIEBTAG, Director of Personnel Programs,International Business Machines Corporation ROBERT E.B.LUCAS,Department of Economics, Boston University KAREN O.MASON,Population Studies Center, University of Michigan ERNEST J.McCORMICK (Professor Emeritus),Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University GUS TYLER, Assistant President,International Ladies Garment Workers Union STAFF DONALD J.TREIMAN, Study Director PAMELA S.CAIN, Research Associate HEIDI I.HARTMANN, Research Associate PATRICIA A.ROOS, Research Associate MONICA K.SINDING, Research Associate CHARLES F.TURNER, Research Associate JUNE PRICE, Research Assistant ROSE S.KAUFMAN, Administrative Secretary BENITA ANDERSON, Secretary About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to the original; line lengths, word breaks, heading styles, and other typesetting-specific formatting, however, cannot be retained, and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. iv About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to the original; line lengths, word breaks, heading styles, and other typesetting-specific formatting, however, cannot be retained, and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. CONTENTS v Contents PREFACE xix 1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Charge to the Committee 2 Organization of the Report 4 SUMMARY 4 Content and Structure of the DOT 4 Use of the DOT by the Employment Service 5 Use of the DOT Outside the Employment Service 6 The Occupational Analysis Program 7 Production of the Fourth Edition DOT 8 Assessment of the Occupational Information in the DOT 9 The Classification of Occupations for Job-Worker Matching 11 Conclusions and Recommendations 13 Data Collection Procedures 14 Measurement of Occupational Characteristics 14 Classification Issues 15 About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. 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CONTENTS vi Other Needed Research 15 Organizational and Administrative Issues 15 Supplementary Materials 16 2 THE FOURTH EDITION DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL 18 TITLES: STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OCCUPATIONAL TITLES 18 THE DOT CODE 19 INDUSTRY DESIGNATION 25 DEFINITIONS 25 ADDITIONAL FEATURES 27 RELATED PUBLICATIONS 27 SUMMARY 30 3 USE OF THE DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TITLES BY 31 THE U.S. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE USE OF THE DOT IN PLACEMENT AND COUNSELING 32 A Source of Occupational Information 32 Placement 33 Self-Referral 34 Interviewer Referral 34 Counseling 35 Evaluation of DOT Use 37 OTHER USES OF THE DOT 40 Testing 40 Labor Certification 42 SUMMARY 43 About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. 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CONTENTS vii 4 USE OF THE DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TITLES 45 OUTSIDE THE U.S. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE COLLECTING DATA ON DOT USES 46 Description of the Universe 46 Sampling Design 46 Probability Survey of DOT Purchasers 47 Interviews, Case Studies, and a Survey of Institutional 49 Users Survey of Researchers 50 Timetable of Survey Procedures 50 INSTITUTIONAL USES OF THE DOT: A SAMPLE OF 51 PURCHASERS How the DOT is Used 53 How Essential is the DOT? 57 Adequacy of the DOT 59 GOVERNMENT USES OF THE DOT 63 Interview Results 63 Employment Training and Production of Occupational 63 Information Disability Determination 68 Rehabilitation and Employment Counseling 70 Vocational and Occupational Education 72 Other Users of the DOT 74 Department of Defense 74 Office of Personnel Management 75 Development of the Standard Occupational Classifica- 76 tion Bureau of the Census 76 STATE GOVERNMENT USERS: THE SOICC GROUP 77 RESEARCH USES OF THE DOT 81 Classification 81 Job Titles and Definitions 82 About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. 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CONTENTS viii Worker Traits and Worker Functions 82 Data, People, and Things 82 Training Time 83 Other Worker Traits 84 Use of DOT Concepts in Other Scales and Classifications 84 Evaluation of DOT Data 86 USE AND DISTRIBUTION OF OTHER OCCUPATIONAL 87 ANALYSIS PRODUCTS Occupational Analysis Branch 88 Job Search Branch 89 SUMMARY 91 5 ORGANIZATION OF THE OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS 93 PROGRAM OF THE U.S. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE INTRODUCTION 93 THE OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS BRANCH 95 THE JOB SEARCH BRANCH 98 THE OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS FIELD CENTERS 100 Overview: Organization 101 Staffing and Organization of Work 103 Functional Specialization of the Field Centers 104 Major Field Center Activities 107 Production of the DOT 107 Career Guides and Brochures 108 Training and Technical Assistance 109 Special Projects 110 CONCLUSION 112 About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. 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CONTENTS ix 6 PROCEDURES USED TO PRODUCE THE FOURTH EDI- 114 TION DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TITLES, HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 115 SAMPLING FOR THE DOT 115 Assignment of Industries to Field Centers 116 Establishment Selection 118 JOB ANALYSIS PROCEDURES 120 Staffing Schedule and Organization and Process Flow Charts 121 Job Analysis 124 Writing the Job Description and Assigning a DOT Code 126 Rating Worker Traits 132 Completing an Establishment Study 139 Modifications of Procedures 140 Definition Writing for the DOT 141 CONCLUSION 145 7 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DICTIONARY OF OCCUPA- 148 TIONAL TITLES AS A SOURCE OF OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION INTRODUCTION 148 SAMPLING PROCEDURES 149 SOURCE DATA 155 RATINGS OF WORKER FUNCTIONS AND WORKER 164 TRAITS Validity 164 Reliability 168 OCCUPATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS 173 The Factor Structure 176 Sex Bias in the Rating of Occupations 188 CONCLUSION 191 About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. 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