Work in Brazil: essays in historical and economic sociology

2016·7.1 MB·Portuguese

by  SciELO - EDUERJ

Work in Brazil
essays in historical and economic sociology

Adalberto Cardoso

SciELO Books / SciELO Livros / SciELO Libros

CARDOSO, A. Work in Brazil: essays in historical and economic sociology [online]. Rio de Janeiro:
EDUERJ, 2016, 286 p. Sociedade e política collection. ISBN: 978-85-7511-455-1. Available from:
doi: 10.7476/9788575114551. Also available in ePUB from:
http://books.scielo.org/id/tskp8/epub/cardoso-9788575114551.epub.

All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International license.
Todo o conteúdo deste trabalho, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribição
4.0.
Todo el contenido de esta obra, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons
Reconocimento 4.0.
Coleção Sociedade & Política
WORK IN BRAZIL:
ESSAYS IN HISTORICAL AND
ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY
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UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Reitor
Ruy Garcia Marques
Vice-reitora
Maria Georgina Muniz Washington
EDITORA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Conselho Editorial
Bernardo Esteves
Erick Felinto
Glaucio Marafon (presidente)
Jane Russo
Maria Aparecida Ferreira de Andrade Salgueiro
Ivo Barbieri (membro honorário)
Italo Moriconi (membro honorário)
Lucia Bastos (membro honorário)
Coleção Sociedade e Política
Coordenadores
Breno Bringel
João Feres Júnior
Conselho científico
Antônio Sérgio Guimarães (USP)
Fabiano Santos (IESP-UERJ)
Flávia Biroli (UnB)
Gilberto Hochman (FIOCRUZ)
José Maurício Domingues (IESP-UERJ)
Leonardo Avritzer (UFMG)
Maria Stella Grossi Porto (UnB)
Pablo Gentili (CLACSO)
Rachel Meneguello (UNICAMP)
Sergio Costa (Frei Universität - Alemanha)
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AdAlberto CArdoso
EDITORA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
WORK IN BRAZIL:
ESSAYS IN HISTORICAL AND
ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY
Rio de Janeiro
2016
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Copyright  2016, Adalberto Cardoso.
Todos os direitos desta edição reservados à Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de
Janeiro. É proibida a duplicação ou reprodução deste volume, ou de parte do mesmo, em
quaisquer meios, sem autorização expressa da editora.
EdUERJ
Editora da UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 – Maracanã
CEP 20550-013 – Rio de Janeiro – RJ – Brasil
Tel./Fax.: [phone]
www.eduerj.uerj.br
[email protected]
Editor Executivo Glaucio Marafon
Coordenadora Administrativa Elisete Cantuária
Coordenadora Editorial Silvia Nóbrega
Assistente Editorial Thiago Braz
Coordenadora de Produção Rosania Rolins
Assistente de Produção Mauro Siqueira
Supervisor de Revisão Elmar Aquino
Capa Júlio Nogueira
Projeto e Diagramação Emilio Biscardi
CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE
UERJ/REDE SIRIUS/NPROTEC
C268 Cardoso, Adalberto Moreira, 1961-
Work in Brazil : essays in historical and economic sociology /
Adalberto Cardoso. - Rio de Janeiro : EdUERJ, 2016.
286 p.
ISBN 978-85-7511-430-8
1. Sociologia do trabalho – Brasil. I. Título.
CDU 316.334.22(81)
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T C
able of onTenT
INtrodUCtIoN ...................................................................................................11
CHAPTER I SLAVERY AND CAPITALIST SOCIABILITY:
AN ESSAY ON SOCIAL INERTIA ..............................................................19
The slow transition to free labour ......................................................................20
Consequences of the slow transition ...............................................................29
CHAPTER II A BRAZILIAN UTOPIA: GETÚLIO VARGAS
AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE WELFARE STATE
IN A STRUCTURALLY UNEQUAL SOCIETY ...................................49
Introduction ...................................................................................................................49
‘The adaptation of the worker to industry’ ...................................................52
Aspects of a utopian construction ....................................................................58
‘Regulated citizenship’ and beyond ....................................................................67
The promise and the real Brazil ..........................................................................75
The promise and inequality....................................................................................86
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................93
CHAPTER III ‘TOMORROW YOU WILL BE THE
GOVERNMENT’: THE VARGAS’S UTOPIA
IN PRACTICE ............................................................................................................99
Introduction ...................................................................................................................99
Vargas’s project: a reassessment .......................................................................104
Authoritarianism confronts the Vargas Era ...............................................114
The ‘New Unionism’ and the Vargas Era ...................................................119
Vargas and neoliberalism ......................................................................................126
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The Vargas’s spectre ...............................................................................................128
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................133
CHAPTER IV NEOLIBERALISM, UNIONS,
AND SOCIOECONOMIC INSECURITY ............................................139
Introduction ................................................................................................................139
The challenge .............................................................................................................141
Growth favoured ...............................................................................................141
The mirror image ..............................................................................................144
Ashes and fire.............................................................................................................148
The People’s Social Security Survey ...............................................................151
Job security ...........................................................................................................152
Access to labour rights and welfare .........................................................155
Representation security ..................................................................................162
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................167
CHAPTER V BRAZILIAN LABOUR MARKET: LIMITS
AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR EMANCIPATION ..........................173
Introduction ................................................................................................................173
Promises and expectations ..................................................................................176
Economy and labour ..............................................................................................178
Quality of jobs...........................................................................................................186
Women: a different scenario?.............................................................................192
Formal sector fluidity .............................................................................................198
In and out a formal job .........................................................................................200
Regional migration ..................................................................................................204
A ‘new middle class’? .............................................................................................207
Younger and new generations ...........................................................................208
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................210
CHAPTER VI LABOUR INSPECTION IN BRAZIL
(WRITTEN WITH TELMA LAGE) .........................................................215
Introduction ................................................................................................................215
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The costs of obeying or disregarding labour laws..................................219
A brief historical overview .................................................................................224
How the system is designed................................................................................227
Inspection outcomes ..............................................................................................238
Labour inspection in Rio de Janeiro’s civil construction
industry ..........................................................................................................................245
The Chances of Getting Caught ..............................................................246
The chances of being punished ................................................................252
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................257
BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................263
ABOUT THE AUTHOR ...................................................................................285
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I G , T f
ndex of raphs ables and IGures
Graph A Evolution of urban EAP, number of work books
(carteiras de trabalho) issued by the Ministry of Labour and
number of contributors to social security: Brazil, 1940-1976 .........................84
Graph 1 Strikes and strikers in 20 years ..............................................................150
Graph 2 Judicial demands in the first level of labour courts
in Brazil, 1941-2000 .....................................................................................................157
Graph 3 Type of job by age groups: men of 20 to 59 years
Brazil, 1981-2009 ..........................................................................................................185
Graph 4 Mean time of employment (months) in the current job,
by type of job. Brazil: 1992-2009. ...........................................................................189
Graph 5 Labour market probabilities of women, 30-34 age
group. Brazil, 1981-2009 ............................................................................................194
Graph 6 Proportion (%) of registered jobs (public or private)
occupied by men and women and the gender odds ratio:
Brazil, 1981-2009 ..........................................................................................................197
Graph 7 Men/women ratio of the median hourly earnings by
type of job. Brazil, 1981-2009 ..................................................................................198
Graph 8 Probability of being in a formal job in two different periods.
Men of 20-23 years: .....................................................................................................202
Table 1 Evolution of union density rates of the Salaried Occupied
Population (SOP) above the age of 18, and of Registered Salaried
Workers (RSW) above the age of 18, 1988-2001. .............................................148
Table 2 Impact of union affiliation on measures of job
security (%) .....................................................................................................................153
Table 3 Index of access to legal and contractual benefits and
union affiliation .............................................................................................................159
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Table 4 Multivariate linear regression (OLS) on the index of
access to legal and contractual benefits.................................................................160
Table 5 Prospects for life at the age of 60 and union affiliation
(proportion who responded yes) .............................................................................162
Table 6 Proportion of union and non-union members saying
that political and social institutions are trustworthy .........................................165
Table 7 Participation in social and political institutions and
union membership .......................................................................................................167
Table 8 GDP by Economic Sectors (per cent share) – Brazil,
1950-2010 ........................................................................................................................179
Table 9 Duration of formal salaried jobs for men and women,
and mean age in each category. Brazil, mean proportions and
age for 1992-2009 .........................................................................................................200
Table 10 Total number of Jobs of workers admitted in the
São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro Met. Regs. in 1994, according to the
original 1994 occupation, and geographical destiny in
the 1985-2008 period ..................................................................................................206
Table 13 Ministry of Labour Investment Budget and its
Share of the Overall Federal Budget and of the Ministerial
Budget: 1995-2003 .......................................................................................................229
Table 14 Labour Inspection by the Regional Labour Offices
(DRTs) Brazil, 1990-2003 ..........................................................................................239
Table 15 FGTS Inspection – Brazil, 1996-2002 ................................................244
Figure 1 Opportunity Structure for Compliance with
Labour Legislation ........................................................................................................219
Figure 2 Labour Fines for Selected Infractions ................................................222
Figure 3 Structure of the Ministry of Labour – 2004 ...................................228
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