Work and Identity: Historical and Cultural Contexts PDF
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Work and Identity Historical and Cultural Contexts John Kirk and Christine Wall Identity Studies in the Social Sciences Series Editors: Margaret Wetherell, Open University; Valerie Hey, Sussex University; Stephen Reicher, St Andrews University Editorial Board:Marta Augoustinos, University of Adelaide, Australia; Wendy Brown, University of California, Berkeley, USA;David McCrone, University of Edinburgh, UK;Angela McRobbie, Goldsmiths College, University of London, UK;Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Syracuse University, USA;Harriet B. Nielsen, University of Oslo, Norway;Ann Phoenix, Institute of Education, University of London, UK;Mike Savage, University of Manchester, UK Titles include: Will Atkinson CLASS, INDIVIDUALIZATION AND LATE MODERNITY In Search of the Reflexive Worker John Kirk and Christine Wall WORK AND IDENTITY Historical and Cultural Contexts Ben Rogaly and Becky Taylor MOVING HISTORIES OF CLASS AND COMMUNITY Identity, Place and Belonging in Contemporary England Margaret Wetherell (editor) IDENTITY IN THE 21STCENTURY New Trends in Changing Times Margaret Wetherell (editor) THEORIZING IDENTITIES AND SOCIAL ACTION Identity Studies in the Social Sciences Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–20500–0 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England This page intentionally left blank Work and Identity Historical and Cultural Contexts John Kirk Working Lives Research Institute, London Metropolitan University, UK and Christine Wall University of Westminster, UK © John Kirk and Christine Wall 2011 Chapter 1 © John Kirk, Christine Wall and Steve Jefferys 2011 Chapter 4 © John Kirk, Christine Wall and Jane Martin 2011 Chapter 5 © Steve Jefferys 2011 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2011 978-0-230-58082-4 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, HampshireRG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978-1-349-36871-6 ISBN 978-0-230-30562-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230305625 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 This book is dedicated to John Kirk (1957–2010) Close friend, loyal colleague and exceptional scholar This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables and Figures viii Acknowledgements x Introduction 1 Part I Work and Identity: Exploring History, 19 Culture and Subjectivity Chapter 1 Charting Historical Change: Work in the US and 21 UK during the Twentieth Century With Steve Jefferys Chapter 2 Narratives of Labour and Labour Lost: Working 46 Life and Its Representations Chapter 3 Identity in Question and the Place of Work 77 Part II Work and Social Identity: Teaching, 99 Banking and Railway Work Chapter 4 Working at the Chalk-face: Articulating the 101 ‘Teacherly-Self’ and Educational Change With Jane Martin Chapter 5 Teller, Seller, Union Activist: Class Formation and 124 Changing Bank Worker Identities Steve Jefferys Chapter 6 Tracking the Place of Work Identity on the Rails 149 Part III Articulating Work Identities 177 Chapter 7 Something to Show For It: The Place of Work 179 Memorabilia in Three Occupations Chapter 8 Narrating Work Identity: Oral Testimony and the 204 Place of Anecdotes Conclusion 225 Appendix 232 Notes 233 References 238 Index 249 vii List of Tables and Figures Tables 1.1 American women’s membership (% of all women’s 22 employment) of major US occupational groups, 1900–1950 1.2 British women’s membership (% of all women’s 23 employment) of major British occupational groups, 1901–1951 1.3 Employment by status, occupation and sex in banking, 33 teaching and railways, 2005 1.4 Men and women in professional and managerial groups 34 by ethnic group, 1992–2000 (%) 1.5 Average proportion of non-white workforce in 35 companies by industry 1.6 Teacher ethnicity by British region 2004 (as percentage 36 of total teachers per region) Figures I.1 Work identification 5 1.1 British and US trade union membership (000s), 24 1900–1950 1.2 Trade union density (% of employed workers) in Britain 26 and the US, 1900–1950 1.3 Numbers of US jobs (000s) in services and manufacturing, 28 1919–2002 1.4 Shares (%) of all US employment in services (including 29 government services) and manufacturing, 1919–2002 1.5 UK jobs (000s) in services and manufacturing, 29 1921–2006 1.6 Shares (%) of all UK employment in services (including 30 government services) and manufacturing, 1921–2006 1.7 Numbers of US teachers and finance workers (millions), 31 1950–2007 1.8 UK men and women’s employment (millions) in finance 32 and public administration, health and education, 1978–2009 viii List of Tables and Figures ix 1.9 Trade union density (%) in the US and UK, 1950–2005 39 2.1 Ruby Loftus screwing a Breech-ring 64 2.2 Ministry of Labour and National Service Recruitment 66 leaflet 2.3 Trades union journal front covers 70 2.4 Illustrations from careers literature 71 2.5 Teaching trades union journal front covers 73 2.6 Phase II (Rainy Day), Robert Mason, 1989 75 5.1 UK banking employment (000s) and interview cohorts, 128 1979–2006 7.1 Photograph 1 and photograph 2 188 7.2 Photograph 3 193 7.3 Photograph 4 and photograph 5 195 7.4 Photograph 6 and photograph 7 199
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