Wood Adhesives

464 Pages·2011·11.92 MB·English

by  A Pizzi

Wood adhesives are of tremendous industrial importance
as more than two-thirds of wood products today in the
world are totally, or at least partially, bonded together
using a variety of adhesives. The reason being that
adhesive bonding offers many advantages vis-a-vis other
joining methods for wood components.
In the recent past, there has been a brisk R& D activity
in devising new wood adhesives or ameliorating the
existing ones. The modern mantra in all industrial
sectors is: “Think green, go green” and it has attracted
much attention in the wood adhesive industry too.
Concomitantly, there is currently much research activity in
synthesizing environmentally-benign and human-friendly
A W
wood adhesives.
.
o
This book is divided into four parts as follows: Pi o
z d
Part 1: Fundamental Adhesion Aspects i.q. Wood Bonding; zi
A
Part 2: Synthetic Adhesives; Part 3: Environment friendly an d
d h
adhesives; and Part 4: Wood Welding and General Paper. K e Wood Adhesives
Many different ramifi cations of wood adhesives are . s
L i
. v
accorded due coverage in this book. The bonding (welding) M e
of wood components without using any adhesives is a it s
t
relatively recent development which should prove very a
l
Edited by
useful in times to come. (E
d
The information contained here should be of great value s.)
A. Pizzi
and interest to anyone engaged in any aspects of wood
adhesion and adhesives and, hopefully, this book will
K.L. Mittal
serve as a fountainhead for new ideas in wood adhesives
—a topic of vital industrial importance.
ISBN: 978-90-04-19093-1
9 789004 190931
VSP
brill.nl A.S.
MMiittttaall--PPiizzzzii__vv11..iinndddd 11 2200--1100--1100 1155::1166
Wood Adhesives
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Wood Adhesives
Editedby
A. Pizzi and K. L. Mittal
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2010
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20120525
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-9-00-419092-4 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize
to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material
has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, trans-
mitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the
CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents
Preface ix
Part1:FundamentalAdhesionAspectsinWoodBonding
NaturalLignansasAdhesivesforCellulose:ComputationalInteraction
EnergyvsExperimentalResults
M.Sedano-Mendoza,P.Lopez-AlbarranandA.Pizzi 3
EvaluationofSomeSyntheticOligolignolsasAdhesives:AMolecular
DockingStudy
C.Martínez,M.Sedano,A.Munro,P.LópezandA.Pizzi 21
ModificationofSugarMaple(Acersaccharum)andBlackSpruce(Picea
mariana)WoodSurfacesinaDielectricBarrierDischarge(DBD)at
AtmosphericPressure
F.Busnel,V.Blanchard,J.Prégent,L.Stafford,B.Riedl,P.Blanchetand
A.Sarkissian 35
DeterminationoftheMicrostructureofanAdhesive-BondedMedium
DensityFiberboard(MDF)using3-DSub-micrometerComputer
Tomography
G.Standfest,S.Kranzer,A.PetutschniggandM.Dunky 49
InfluenceoftheDegreeofCondensationontheRadialPenetrationof
Urea-FormaldehydeAdhesivesintoSilverFir(Abiesalba,Mill.)Wood
Tissue
I.Gavrilovic´-Grmuša,J.Miljkovic´ andM.Ðiporovic´-Momcˇilovic´ 63
RadialPenetrationofUrea-FormaldehydeAdhesiveResinsintoBeech
(FagusMoesiaca)
I.Gavrilovic´-Grmuša,M.Dunky,J.Miljkovic´ and
M.Djiporovic´-Momcˇilovic´ 81
AFlexibleAdhesiveLayertoStrengthenGlulamBeams
M.Brunner,M.Lehmann,S.Kraft,U.Fankhauser,K.Richterand
J.Conzett 97
PropertiesEnhancementofOilPalmPlywoodthroughVeneer
PretreatmentwithLowMolecularWeightPhenol-FormaldehydeResin
Y.F.Loh,M.T.Paridah,Y.B.Hoong,E.S.Bakar,H.Hamdanand
M.Anis 135
vi Contents
ReactionMechanismofHydroxymethylatedResorcinolAdhesion
PromoterinPolyurethaneAdhesivesforWoodBonding
A.Szczurek,A.Pizzi,L.DelmotteandA.Celzard 145
Part2:SyntheticAdhesives
OptimizationoftheSynthesisofUrea-FormaldehydeResinsusing
ResponseSurfaceMethodology
J.M.Ferra,P.C.Mena,J.Martins,A.M.Mendes,M.R.N.Costa,
F.D.MagalhãesandL.H.Carvalho 153
CharacterizationofUrea-FormaldehydeResinsbyGPC/SECandHPLC
Techniques:EffectofAgeing
J.M.Ferra,A.M.Mendes,M.R.N.Costa,F.D.Magalhãesand
L.H.Carvalho 171
Formaldehyde-FreeDimethoxyethanal-DerivedResinsforWood-Based
Panels
M.Properzi,S.Wieland,F.Pichelin,A.PizziandA.Despres 189
Melamine–FormaldehydeResinswithoutUreaforWoodPanels
E.Pendlebury,H.Lei,M.-L.AntoineandA.Pizzi 203
BondingofHeat-TreatedSprucewithPhenol-FormaldehydeAdhesive
M.KarizandM.Sernek 211
InfluenceofNanoclayonPhenol-Formaldehydeand
Phenol-Urea-FormaldehydeResinsforWoodAdhesives
H.Lei,G.Du,A.Pizzi,A.CelzardandQ.Fang 225
EmulsionPolymerIsocyanatesasWoodAdhesive:AReview
K.GrøstadandA.Pedersen 235
AdhesivesforOn-SiteRehabilitationofTimberStructures
H.CruzandJ.Custódio 261
Part3:Environment-FriendlyAdhesives
ThermalCharacterizationofKraftLigninPhenol-FormaldehydeResin
forPaperImpregnation
A.R.Mahendran,G.WuzellaandA.Kandelbauer 291
AcaciamangiumTanninasFormaldehydeScavengerforLowMolecular
WeightPhenol-FormaldehydeResininBondingTropicalPlywood
Y.B.Hoong,M.T.Paridah,Y.F.Loh,M.P.Koh,C.A.Luqmanand
A.Zaidon 305
SynthesisofModifiedPoly(vinylacetate)Adhesives
A.Salvini,L.M.Saija,M.Lugli,G.CiprianiandC.Giannelli 317
Contents vii
AcrylatedEpoxidizedSoyOilasanAlternativetoUrea-Formaldehyde
inMakingWheatStrawParticleboards
M.Tasooji,T.Tabarsa,A.KhazaeianandR.P.Wool 341
GlutenProteinAdhesivesforWoodPanels
H.Lei,A.Pizzi,P.Navarrete,S.Rigolet,A.RedlandA.Wagner 353
WoodPanelAdhesivesfromLowMolecularMassLigninandTannin
withoutSyntheticResins
P.Navarrete,H.R.Mansouri,A.Pizzi,S.Tapin-Lingua,
B.Benjelloun-Mlayah,H.PaschandS.Rigolet 367
Part4:WoodWeldingandGeneralPaper
Wood-DowelBondingbyHigh-SpeedRotationWelding—Application
toTwoCanadianHardwoodSpecies
G.Rodriguez,P.Diouf,P.BlanchetandT.Stevanovic 383
ChemicalChangesInducedbyHigh-SpeedRotationWeldingofWood
—ApplicationtoTwoCanadianHardwoodSpecies
Y.Sun,M.Royer,P.N.DioufandT.Stevanovic 397
MoistureSensitivityofScotsPineJointsProducedbyLinearFrictional
Welding
M.Vaziri,O.Lindgren,A.PizziandH.R.Mansouri 415
HighDensityPanelsObtainedbyWeldingofWoodVeneerswithoutany
Adhesives
H.R.Mansouri,J.-M.LebanandA.Pizzi 429
OverviewofEuropeanStandardsforAdhesivesUsedinWood-Based
Products
F.SimonandG.Legrand 435
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Preface
Woodadhesivesareoftremendousindustrialimportanceasmorethantwo-thirds
ofwoodproductstodayintheworldaretotally,oratleastpartially,bondedtogether
using a variety of adhesives. The reason being that adhesive bonding offers many
advantagesvis-á-visotherjoiningmethodsforwoodcomponents.
Even a cursory look at the literature will evince that currently there is brisk
R&D activity in devising new wood adhesives or ameliorating the existing ones.
The modern mantra in all industrial sectors is: ‘Think green, go green’ and the
woodindustryisnoexception.Thisnewrefrainhasspurredmuchresearchactivity
in synthesizing environmentally-benign and human-friendly wood adhesives. One
specific example is the elimination of formaldehyde emissions from wood adhe-
sivesandmanyalternateavenueshavebeenexploredinthisvein.
Consideringtheindustrialandcommercialimportanceofwoodadhesivesandthe
hightempoofresearchinunderstandingandimprovingadhesionstrengthofwood
adhesiveswedecidedtobringoutthisspecialvolumewhichreflectsthecollective
wisdom of a contingent of world-class researchers in this technologically highly
importantfield.
This book is based on the Special Issue of the Journal of Adhesion Science and
Technology(JAST)whichwaspublishedasVol.24,Nos8–10(2010).Basedonthe
widespreadinterestandtremendousimportanceofwoodadhesivesinconstruction
andotherindustries,wedecidedtobringoutthisbookasasingleandeasilyavail-
ablesourceofinformation.Thepapersaspublishedintheabove-mentionedSpecial
Issuehavebeenrearrangedinamorelogicalfashioninthisbook.
This book contains a total of 28 papers (reflecting overviews and original re-
search) covering many ramifications of wood adhesives and is divided into four
partsasfollows:Part1:Fundamental AdhesionAspectsinWoodBonding; Part2:
Synthetic Adhesives; Part 3: Environment-Friendly Adhesives; and Part 4: Wood
Welding and General Paper. The topics covered include: computation of interfa-
cial interactions between resin oligomers and cellulose substrates by theoretical
molecular mechanics means; treatment of wood surfaces by atmospheric pressure
plasma; application of computer tomography in determination of microstructures
in bonded fiberboards; penetration of adhesives in wood species; veneer pretreat-
WoodAdhesives
©KoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,2010