Table Of Content

CONTENTS IN BRIEF UNIT I UNIT VIII Children, Their Families, and the Nurse Family-Centered Care of the Child with Special Needs 1 Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing, 1 2 Social, Cultural, Religious, and Family Influences on 19 Family-Centered Care of the Child with Chronic Illness Child Health Promotion, 17 or Disability, 761 3 Hereditary Influences on Health Promotion of the Child 20 Family-Centered Palliative Care, 791 and Family, 45 21 The Child with Cognitive, Sensory, or Communication Impairment, 824 UNIT II UNIT IX Childhood and Family Assessment The Child Who Is Hospitalized 4 Communication, Physical, and Developmental 22 Family-Centered Care of the Child During Illness and Assessment, 91 Hospitalization, 864 5 Pain Assessment and Management in Children, 152 23 Pediatric Nursing Interventions and Skills, 883 6 Childhood Communicable and Infectious Diseases, 193 UNIT X UNIT III Childhood Nutrition and Elimination Family-Centered Care of the Newborn Problems 7 Health Promotion of the Newborn and Family, 243 24 The Child with Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance, 945 8 Health Problems of the Newborn, 294 25 The Child with Renal Dysfunction, 996 9 The High-Risk Newborn and Family, 336 26 The Child with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction, 1051 UNIT IV UNIT XI Family-Centered Care of the Infant Childhood Oxygenation Problems 10 Health Promotion of the Infant and Family, 413 27 Overview of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange, 1122 11 Health Problems of the Infant, 452 28 The Child with Respiratory Dysfunction, 1164 UNIT XII UNIT V Childhood Blood Production and Circulation Family-Centered Care of the Toddler and Problems Preschooler 29 The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction, 1251 12 Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family, 488 30 The Child with Hematologic or Immunologic 13 Health Promotion of the Preschooler and Family, 523 Dysfunction, 1322 14 Health Problems of Early Childhood, 543 UNIT XIII UNIT VI Childhood Regulatory Problems Family-Centered Care of the School-Age 31 The Child with Cancer, 1379 Child 32 The Child with Cerebral Dysfunction, 1425 15 Health Promotion of the School-Age Child and 33 The Child with Endocrine Dysfunction, 1493 Family, 569 16 Health Problems of the School-Age Child, 609 UNIT XIV Childhood Physical Mobility Problems UNIT VII 34 The Child with Musculoskeletal or Articular Family-Centered Care of the Adolescent Dysfunction, 1543 35 The Child with Neuromuscular or Muscular 17 Health Promotion of the Adolescent and Family, 651 Dysfunction, 1615 18 Health Problems of the Adolescent, 687 APPENDIXES A Growth Measurements, 1673 B Translations of Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, 1682 C Spanish-English Translations, 1684 10th Edition Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children YOU’VE JUST PURCHASED MORE THAN A TEXTBOOK! Evolve Student Resources for Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children, include the following: • Prepare for Class, Clinical, or Lab Animations, Answers to Critical Thinking Case Studies, Care Plan Creator, Case studies, Key Points Summaries • Prepare for Exams Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination—More than 350 questions in multiple- choice and alternate item formats, with rationales for correct and incorrect answers, help you review and apply content and prepare for the NCLEX® Examination! • Additional Resources Content updates for further study Activate the complete learning experience that comes with each NEW textbook purchase by registering at http://evolve.elsevier.com/Wong/ncic/ REGISTER TODAY! You can now purchase Elsevier products on Evolve! Go to evolve.elsevier.com/html/shop-promo.html to search and browse for products. 10th Edition Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children Marilyn J. Hockenberry, PhD, RN, PPCNP-BC, FAAN Bessie Baker Professor of Nursing and Professor of Pediatrics Chair, Duke Institutional Review Board Duke University Durham, North Carolina David Wilson, MS, RNC-NIC Staff Children’s Hospital at Saint Francis Tulsa, Oklahoma 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’ s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier. com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wong’s nursing care of infants and children / [edited by] Marilyn J. Hockenberry, David Wilson.—10th edition. p. ; cm. Nursing care of infant and children Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-323-22241-9 (hardcover : alk. paper) I. Hockenberry, Marilyn J., editor. II. Wilson, David, editor. III. Title: Nursing care of infant and children. [DNLM: 1. Pediatric Nursing. 2. Child Care. 3. Infant Care. WY 159] RJ245 618.92′00231—dc23 2014023360 Content Strategist: Sandra Clark Content Development Manager: Michele D. Hayden Content Development Specialist: Emily Vaughters Content Coordinator: Hannah Corrier Publishing Services Manager: Deborah L. Vogel Project Manager: John W. Gabbert Design Direction: Amy Buxton Printed in Canada Last digit is the print number 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C O N T R I B U T O R S Annette L. Baker, MSN, RN, CPNP Cynthia J. Camille, MSN, RN, CPNP, Angela Drummond, MS, RN, CPNP Nurse Practitioner FNP-BC Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Cardiovascular Program Nurse Practitioner Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare Boston Children’s Hospital Pediatric Urology Center for Pediatric Orthopedics Auburndale, Massachusetts Duke University Medical Center St. Paul, Minnesota Durham, North Carolina Rose Ann Urdiales Baker, PhD(c), RN, Melissa Domingeaux Ethington, PhD, PMHCNS-BC Patricia Conlon, MS, RN, CNS, CNP RN Adjunct Faculty Pediatric Clinical Nurse Specialist Assistant Professor Kent State University Mayo Clinic Children’s Center Assistant Dean of Undergraduate Programs College of Nursing Rochester, Minnesota University of Texas Health Science Center at Kent, Ohio Houston Erin Connelly, MSN, RN, APRN, CPNP, Houston, Texas Raymond C. Barfield, MD, PhD CPON Associate Professor Neuro-Oncology Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Jan M. Foote, DNP, RN, ARNP, CPNP Pediatrics and Christian Philosophy Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorder Service Clinical Associate Professor Duke University Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta The University of Iowa College of Nursing Durham, North Carolina Atlanta, Georgia Iowa City, Iowa; Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Amy Barry, MSN, RN, APRN-BC Martha R. Curry, MS, RN, CPNP Blank Children’s Hospital Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Instructor Des Moines, Iowa Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Immunology & Rheumatology Center Department of Pediatrics Quinn Franklin, MS, CCLS Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Baylor College of Medicine Manager Atlanta, Georgia Texas Children’s Hospital Child, Adolescent and Young Adult Life Houston, Texas Program Debra Brandon, PhD, RN, CCNS, FAAN The University of Texas Associate Professor Amy Delany, MSN, RN, CPNP-AC/P MD Anderson Children’s Cancer Hospital Director, PhD and Postdoctoral Programs Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Houston, Texas Duke University School of Nursing; The Cardiovascular Program Associate Professor Boston Children’s Hospital Debbie Fraser, MN, RNC-NIC Duke School of Medicine Hyde Park Pediatrics Associate Professor Faculty of Health Department of Pediatrics Hyde Park, Massachusetts Disciplines Durham, North Carolina Athabasca University; Anne Derouin, DNP, CPNP, RN Advanced Practice Nurse Pamela Brill, MSN, RN, CPNP Assistant Professor NICU Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Duke School of Nursing; St. Boniface General Hospital Atlanta, Georgia Clinical Associate Winnipeg, Manitoba Duke School of Medicine Terri L. Brown, MSN, RN, CPN Durham, North Carolina Martina R. Gallagher, PhD, RN Assistant Director Assistant Professor Clinical Outcomes & Data Support Sharron L. Docherty, PhD, RN, CPNP, University of Texas Health Science Center at Texas Children’s Hospital FAAN Houston School of Nursing Houston, Texas Associate Professor Houston, Texas School of Nursing; Meg Bruening, PhD, MPH, RD Associate Professor Rémi Hueckel, DNP, RN, CPNP-AC, Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics FAANP School of Nutrition and Health Promotion School of Medicine; Assistant Professor Arizona State University Co-Director Duke University School of Nursing; Phoenix, Arizona Adapt Center for Cognitive/Affective Pediatric Critical Care Nurse Practitioner Symptom Science Duke Children’s Hospital Rosalind Bryant, PhD, RN, PNP-BC Duke University Durham, North Carolina Instructor Durham, North Carolina Baylor College of Medicine Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk, RNC, Houston, Texas PhD, FAAN Clinical Professor Emerita, School of Nursing University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina iii iv CONTRIBUTORS Kathy McCarthy, BSN, RN Patricia A. Ring, MSN, RN, CPNP Kristina D. Wilson, PhD, CCC-SLP Sr. Research Nurse Pediatric Nephrology Senior Speech Language Pathologist and Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Clinical Researcher Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Milwaukee, Wisconsin Texas Children’s Hospital; Centers Adjunct Assistant Professor Houston, Texas Cheryl C. Rodgers, PhD, RN, CPNP, Department of Plastic Surgery CPON Baylor College of Medicine Patricia Barry McElfresh, MN, RN, Assistant Professor Houston, Texas PNP-BC Duke University School of Nursing POWERPOINT LECTURE SLIDES Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Durham, North Carolina Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta WITH AUDIENCE RESPONSE Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Margaret L. Schroeder, MSN, RN, SYSTEM QUESTIONS Service PPCNP-BC Neuro-Oncology Program Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Brigit Carter, PhD, RN, CCRN Atlanta, Georgia Department of Nursing and Patient Services Assistant Professor Cardiovascular Program Duke University School of Nursing Tara Taneski Merck, MSN, CPNP, Boston Children’s Hospital Durham, North Carolina CPHON Boston, Massachusetts Director, Advanced Practice Provider Anne Derouin, DNP, RN, CPNP Children’s Specialty Group Jean C. Kunz Stansbury, MSN, RN, Assistant Professor Oconomowoc, Wisconsin CNS, CNP-Pediatrics Duke University School of Nursing Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Durham, North Carolina Mary A. Mondozzi, MSN, RN, BSN Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare Burn Center Education/Outreach St. Paul, Minnesota Case Studies Coordinator Jan Akright, MSN, RN, CNE Akron Children’s Hospital Cheryl Ann Thaxton, MN, RN, CPNP, Instructor of Nursing The Paul and Carol David Foundation Burn FNP, CHPPN Dishman Department of Nursing Institute Nurse Practitioner Lamar University Akron, Ohio Program Coordinator-Duke Children’s Beaumont, Texas Pediatric Quality of Life Program Rebecca A. Monroe, MSN, RN, CPNP Faculty for End-of-Life Nursing Education TEACH FOR NURSES Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Consortium (ELNEC) Medical City Children’s Hospital Urgent Care Durham, North Carolina Case Studies Questcare Alliance Terry Delpier, DNP, RN, CPNP Dallas, Texas Barbara J. Wheeler, MN, RN, IBCLC Professor Neonatal Clinical Nurse Specialist & Department of Nursing Kim Mooney-Doyle, PhD, MSN, Lactation Consultant Northern Michigan University CPNP-AC, CPON St. Boniface General Hospital; Marquette, Michigan Instructor Professional Affiliate University of Pennsylvania Manitoba Centre for Nursing and Health TEST BANK School of Nursing Research; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Instructor II Mary L. Dowell, PhD, RN Faculty of Nursing Graduate Nursing Faculty Rebecca Njord, MSc, BSN RN University of Manitoba University of Phoenix, On-Line Classes Duke School of Nursing Winnipeg, Manitoba Research Intern Durham, North Carolina Cynthia A. Prows, MSN, RN, CNS, FAAN Clinical Nurse Specialist, Genetics Divisions of Human Genetics and Patient Services Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio R E V I E W E R S Susan Batten, PhD, RN, MN, MA Susan K. Rice, PhD, RN, CPNP, CNS Linda Macera-DiClemente, RN, BSN, Associate Professor Professor BA, MSN The University of Toledo College of Nursing Nursing Faculty Toledo, Ohio University of Toledo Baker College of Auburn Hills Toledo, Ohio Auburn Hills, Michigan Cody Cloud, BSN, RN, CWOCN Children’s Hospital at Saint Francis Daryle Wane, PhD, RN, ARNP, FNP-BC Rita Nutt, DNP, RN Tulsa, Oklahoma Professor of Nursing Assistant Professor, Nursing Pasco-Hernando Community College Salisbury University Elizabeth Cordero, BSN, RN, MBA New Port Richey, Florida Salisbury, Maryland Nursing Instructor Western Nevada College Donna Wilsker, MSN, RN Noreen Nutting, RN, BSN, MAIS Carson City, Nevada Assistant Professor Associate Professor, Nursing Dishman Department of Nursing Northern Virginia Community College Katy Garth, PhD, RN, FNP-BC Lamar University Springfield, Virginia Assistant Professor Beaumont, Texas Murray State University Dana R. Sandifer, RN, BSN, MSN Murray, Kentucky Nancee Croatt Wozney, PhD, RN Professor of Nursing Dean/Director of Nursing Hopkinsville Community College Linda S. Greenstreet, MSN, RN Minnesota State College Hopkinsville, Kentucky Associate Professor of Nursing Winona, Minnesota Olivet Nazarene University Maridee Shogren, DNP, CNM Bourbonnais, Illinois 2012-2013 ELSEVIER Clinical Instructor, Nursing University of North Dakota CUSTOMER INSIGHT GROUP Karen M. Lettre, MSN, RN, CEN, CPEN, Grand Forks, North Dakota EMT Debra Bacharz, RN, BSN, MSN, PhD Clinical Manager Associate Professor, Nursing Bridget Thompson, RN, BSN, MSN Children’s Medical Center Legacy Cecily and John Leach College of Nursing Clinical Associate Professor, Nursing Dallas. Texas Saint Francis University University of North Dakota Joliet, Illinois Grand Forks, North Dakota Donna M. Mesler, PhD, RN, CPNP Assistant Professor Roberta Cook, RN, MS, CPNP Barbara L. Wilson, PhD, RNC-OB Child and Family Health Department Program Director, Nursing Associate Professor and Associate Dean of Seton Hall University Baker College of Auburn Hills Academic Programs College of Nursing Auburn Hills, Michigan College of Nursing South Orange, New Jersey University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah v We dedicate this edition to Shelly Hayden, our Elsevier editor who has been involved with the Wong textbooks for over 20 years. Shelly’s daughter Courtney, who was 3 months old when Shelly started working on the Wong texts, is now 21 years old. Shelly has provided numerous photos of her children during her years with the list. You can see Shelly’s children grow up over the many editions. Shelly started her career as an Editorial Assistant in November 1993, supporting a four-person editorial team who worked closely with longtime Pediatrics Editor, Sally Schrefer, to shepherd the Wong titles through to publication. At that time, Donna Wong was still the lead author of Nursing Care of Infants and Children, Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, and Clinical Manual of Pediatric Nursing. Shelly was promoted to Developmental Editor and continued to work on the Wong books. She began working with Marilyn Hockenberry and David Wilson when they served as contributors/section editors for the Wong textbooks. When Sally Schrefer was made head of the Nursing department at Elsevier and Donna Wong retired, Shelly remained with the Wong books to ensure continuity. In 2004, Shelly Hayden was promoted to Managing Editor. She was fortunate to have been given oversight of the Pediatrics list, with Marilyn Hockenberry and David Wilson at the helm of the former Wong titles. Over the years, Shelly became a good friend—a true partner in every sense of the word. Her contributions will be long recognized by students and members of the pediatric nursing community who have had a positive experience with the Wong textbooks. We thank her for the amazing journey and will forever be grateful for the commitment she has dedicated to pediatric nursing education. Marilyn J. Hockenberry David Wilson