Women's Vascular Health PDF
Preview Women's Vascular Health
Women’s Vascular Health This page intentionally left blank Women’s Vascular Health Ian A Greer Regius Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Glasgow, UK Jeffrey S Ginsberg Professor of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Canada Charles D Forbes Emeritus Professor of Medicine Ninewells Hospital and Medical School University of Dundee, UK Hodder Arnold A MEMBER OF THE HODDER HEADLINE GROUP First published in Great Britain in 2007 by Hodder Arnold, an imprint of Hodder Education and a member of the Hodder Headline Group, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH http://www.hoddereducation.com Distributed in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press © 2007 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form, or by any means with prior permission in writing of the publishers or in the case of reprographic production in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. In the United Kingdom such licences are issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency: Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Hodder Headline’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made from wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. Whilst the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In particular, (but without limiting the generality of the preceding disclaimer) every effort has been made to check drug dosages; however it is still possible that errors have been missed. Furthermore, dosage schedules are constantly being revised and new side-effects recognized. For these reasons the reader is strongly urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions before administering any of the drugs recommended in this book. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN-10 0 340 809973 ISBN-13 978 0 340 809976 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Commissioning Editor: Sarah Burrows Project Editor: Francesca Naish Production Controller: Joanna Walker Cover Design: Nichola Smith Cover image: © Medioimages/Getty Images Typeset in 10/12pts Minion by Charon Tec Ltd (A Macmillan Company), Chennai, India www.charontec.com Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Bath What do you think about this book? Or any other Hodder Arnold title? Please visit our website: www.hoddereducation.com In memory of Becky and Andy, who made everything possible. IG To my wife, Nancy, and my father-in-law, Archer McEwen. JG To my wife, Janette. CF This page intentionally left blank Contents Contributors ix Preface xiii Abbreviations xv Reference annotation xix PART 1: OVERVIEW 1. Epidemiology of vascular disease in women 3 Jill Pell 2. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis 17 John R Davies,Peter L Weissberg 3. Metabolic risk factors for vascular disease in women 37 Homa Keshavarz,D Prabhakaran,Sonia Anand 4. Genetic factors in vascular disease 52 Dilys Freeman 5. Diabetes mellitus in women 61 Robert S Lindsay 6. Hemostatic factors in vascular disease 71 Gordon D O Lowe 7. Congenital thrombophilia and venous disease 85 Kenneth A Bauer 8. Acquired thrombophilia 112 Michael Greaves 9. Congenital and acquired hemorrhagic problems 125 Isobel D Walker 10. The vasculature in rheumatic disorders 139 Ravendera Ramachandran,Krishna Dani,Hilary A Capell,Rajan Madhok 11. Anticoagulants in pregnancy 148 Huyen Tran,Jeffrey S Ginsberg 12. Antiplatelet agents 161 Carlo Patrono,Bianca Rocca 13. Prophylaxis for venous thrombosis in medical and surgical patients 171 Gregory T Gerotziafas,Meyer M Samama 14. Coronary disease in women 186 Graham Jackson 15. Peripheral vascular disease 194 P Sanjay,Gareth Griffiths 16. Cerebrovascular disease 218 Peter Langhorne,Morven M Taylor 17. Cancer and thrombosis in women 229 Agnes Y Y Lee 18. Management of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis 241 Bruce L Davidson viii Contents PART 2: REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS 19. Irregular menstrual bleeding 253 Sharon Cameron 20. Polycystic ovarian syndrome: vascular and metabolic issues 265 Naveed Sattar 21. Effect of pregnancy on the hemostatic and metabolic systems 280 Peter Clark 22. Venous thrombosis in pregnancy 292 Simon J McRae,Jeffrey S Ginsberg 23. Venous thrombosis and ovarian stimulation 317 Jacqueline Conard,Delphine Levy,Anne Gompel 24. Thrombophilia and pregnancy complications 326 Scott M Nelson,Ian A Greer 25. Heart disease in pregnancy 341 Sarah Germain,Catherine Nelson-Piercy 26. Preeclampsia, hypertension, and intrauterine growth restriction 362 Louise Byrd,Louise Kenny,Philip Baker 27. Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy 374 Kathryn E Webert,John G Kelton 28. Gestational diabetes 393 Sarah E Capes,Hertzel C Gerstein 29. Pregnancy and programming 403 Naveed Sattar,Ian A Greer PART 3: HORMONAL THERAPY IN WOMEN 30. Oral contraceptive use and venous thromboembolism: epidemiology, mechanisms, and patient management 413 Francesco Dentali,James D Douketis 31. The oral contraceptive pill, mechanisms of vascular risk, and practical prescribing strategies for women with thrombotic problems 423 Kitty W M Bloemenkamp,Frans M Helmerhorst 32. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease 436 Emmanuel Oger,Geneviève Plu-Bureau,Pierre-Yves Scarabin 33. Hormone replacement therapy and venous thromboembolism: risks, mechanisms, and patient management 454 James D Douketis 34. Practical strategies for prescribing hormone replacement therapy 465 Mary Ann Lumsden Index 477 Contributors Sonia AnandMD, PhD, FRCPC Sarah E CapesMD, MSc, FRCPC Associate Professor of Medicine Victoria, BC McMaster University Canada Hamilton General Hospital Hamilton, ON Peter ClarkBSc, MD, FRCP, FRCPath Canada Consultant Haematologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer Department of Transfusion Medicine Philip BakerMBBS, MRCOG, DM Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Professor of Maternal and Fetal Health Dundee The Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre UK St Mary’s Hospital Manchester Jacqueline Conard UK Hemostasis-Thrombosis Unit Kenneth A BauerMD Hotel-Dieu University Hospital Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Paris Chief, Hematology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System France Director, Thrombosis Clinical Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Krishna DaniBSc (Hons), MBChB Boston, MA Senior House Officer USA Centre for Rheumatic Diseases Glasgow Royal Infirmary Kitty W M BloemenkampMD, PhD Glasgow Consultant Obstetrician UK Leiden University Medical Centre Department of Obstetrics Leiden Bruce L DavidsonMD, MPH Clinical Professor of Medicine the Netherlands Pulmonary and Critical Care Louise Byrd MBChB, MRCOG University of Washington School of Medicine Consultant Obstetrician Swedish Medical Center The Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre Seattle, WA St Mary’s Hospital USA Manchester UK John R DaviesBSc, MBBS, MRCP Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Sharon Cameron MD, MRCOG Addenbrooke’s Hospital Consultant Gynaecologist Cambridge Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health UK Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK Francesco DentaliMD Research Fellow Hilary A CapellMD, FRCP (Glasgow, Edinb) Department of Medicine Consultant Physician and Rheumatologist McMaster University Centre for Rheumatic Diseases St Joseph’s Hospital Glasgow Royal Infirmary Hamilton, ON Glasgow Canada UK
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