Women's Movements in Asia: Feminisms and Transnational Activism PDF
Preview Women's Movements in Asia: Feminisms and Transnational Activism
Women’s Movements in Asia This book is a comprehensive study of women’s activism across Asia. With chapters written by leading international experts, it provides a full overview of thehistoryoffeminism,aswellasthecurrentcontextofthewomen’smovement in twelve countries: the Philippines, China and Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore,Vietnam,Thailand,Cambodia,Korea,IndiaandPakistan. Women’smovementsinAsiaweresimultaneouslytransnationalinoutlookand indigenizing in orientation. This volume provides country-focused case studies that help us understand the contexts within which ‘national essence feminism’ emerged in Asia. Western feminisms were immediately identified as Other— compelling each Asian country to search for its own unique answers to the ‘woman question’ by deconstructing how the feminine was constructed not just by culture and religions but also by history and the experiences of colonialism andimperialism.ThechaptersrevealhowAsianactivistsmobilizedtransnational forumsandprotocolstolegitimizetheirspecificnationalcampaigns. Eachchapterincludesacomprehensivebibliographyofkeyworksinthefield makingitidealforcoursesonwomenandfeminisminAsia.Itwillappealboth tostudentsandspecialistsinthefieldsofgenderandsocialandpoliticalhistory. Louise Edwards is Professor of Modern China Studies at the University of HongKong. MinaRocesisanAssociateProfessorintheSchoolofHistoryandPhilosophy, TheUniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney,Australia. Expertsinanalysinggenderissuesofferthisuniquecomparativeanalysisofthe evolutionof‘nationalessencefeminism’inthecontextofglobalfeminism.Tofind outhowthewomen’smovementintwelveAsiannationshavefoughtforbodily autonomy,participationinpoliticsandreligion,newdefinitionsofwomanhood, changedfamilyrelationsandmuchmore–thisbookisthebest(indeedtheonly) onetoread. ChillaBulbeckProfessoremeritaandvisitingresearchfellow,TheUniversityof Adelaide,Australia Women’s Movements in Asia Feminisms and transnational activism Edited by Mina Roces and Louise Edwards Firstpublished2010 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada byRoutledge 270MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. ©2010EditorialSelectionandmatter,MinaRocesandLouiseEdwards. Individualchapters,thecontributor. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor utilizedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orin anyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting fromthepublishers. BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Women’smovementsinAsia:feminismsandtransnationalactivism/ editedbyMinaRocesandLouiseEdwards. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. 1.Feminism–Asia.2.Women–Politicalactivity–Asia.3.Transnationalism. I.Roces,Mina,1959–II.Edwards,LouiseP. HQ1726.W6952010 305.42095–dc22 2009047320 ISBN 0-203-85123-4 Master e-book ISBN ISBN:978-0-415-48702-3(hbk) ISBN:978-0-415-48703-0(pbk) ISBN:978-0-203-85123-4(ebk) Contents Acknowledgements vii Listofcontributors viii 1 Asianfeminisms:women’smovementsfromtheAsian perspective 1 MINA ROCES 2 Feminismandthewomen’smovementintheworld’slargest Islamicnation 21 SUSAN BLACKBURN 3 ‘Rethinking‘theFilipinowoman’:acenturyofwomen’s activisminthePhilippines,1905–2006 34 MINA ROCES 4 Chinesefeminisminatransnationalframe:between internationalismandxenophobia 53 LOUISE EDWARDS 5 Transnationalnetworksandlocalizedcampaigns:the women’smovementinSingapore 75 LENORE LYONS 6 Crossingboundaries:transnationalfeminismsin twentieth-centuryJapan 90 BARBARA MOLONY 7 Feminism,Buddhismandtransnationalwomen’smovements inThailand 110 MONICA LINDBERG FALK vi Contents 8 Followingthetrailofthefairy-bird:thesearchforauniquely Vietnamesewomen’smovement 124 ALESSANDRA CHIRICOSTA 9 TheHongKongwomen’smovement:towardsapolitics ofdifferenceanddiversity 144 ADELYN LIM 10 Militaryrule,religiousfundamentalism,women’s empowermentandfeminisminPakistan 166 ANDREA FLESCHENBERG 11 Mappingahundredyearsofactivism:women’smovements inKorea 189 SEUNG-KYUNG KIM AND KYOUNGHEE KIM 12 ‘Ridingabuffalotocrossamuddyfield’:heuristicapproaches tofeminisminCambodia 207 TRUDY JACOBSEN 13 RightstalkandthefeministmovementinIndia 224 SUMI MADHOK Index 242 Acknowledgements Thisbookisatestamenttothevalueofacademicconferencenetworking.Ithad itsoriginsinaconversationbetweenRoutledgeEditor,StephanieRogers,Mina Roces and Louise Edwards at the International Congress of Asian Scholars in Shanghai in 2005. Once the team of contributors had formed, some authors presentedtheirfirstdraftsattheAsianStudiesAssociationofAustralia(ASAA) conferencehostedbyMonashUniversityin2008.Yetotherspresentedtheirwork attheASAA’sWomeninAsiaConferenceheldattheUniversityofQueensland, alsoin2008.Ateachoftheseevents,colleaguesfromaroundtheworldprovided invaluablefeedbackandinterrogationoftheconceptsanddetailsofthechapters. Tothosewhoparticipated,thankyouforyourcollegiality.Youwillnoticemany ofyourideashavebeenincorporatedintothisfinalversion. The volume also provides evidence that the transnational nature of feminism isaliveandwellintheacademiccommunityaswellasamongtheactivistsand organizers discussed in the volume. Contributors to this book are drawn from aroundtheworld:Europe,Asia,AustralasiaandtheUSA.Forsomeauthors,this istheirfirstopportunitytoworktogetheronajointproject.Forothers,itreflects anongoingcommitmenttoteamprojects. All books draw on the time and energies of people beyond the academic authors. The editors would like to thank Samantha Hauw, Claire Moore, Raina AnneBernardez,AlanWalker,XiPing,StevenXuezhongSu,DarrelDorrington andShashimSharmafortheirinvaluableassistance.GrantsfromtheAustralian ResearchCouncilsupportedtheprojectandtheFacultyofArtsattheUniversity ofNewSouthWalesprovidedfundsfortheproductionoftheindex.Wewould also like to acknowledge the enthusiasm and energy provided by Routledge, in particular Stephanie Rogers and her team of Leanne Hinves and Sonja VanLeeuwen. Finallywewouldliketothankourpartners,MartynLyonsandKamLouiefor theircontinuedsupportofourongoingeffortstopromoteknowledgeoffeminism andwomen’smovementsinAsia. MinaRoces,Sydney LouiseEdwards,HongKong Contributors SusanBlackburnisanAssociateProfessorintheSchoolofPoliticalandSocial InquiryatMonashUniversity,wheresheteachesSoutheastAsianPolitics.In recentyears,herresearchhasfocusedonwomeninpoliticsanddevelopment. She is the author of Women and the State in Modern Indonesia (Cambridge UniversityPress2004). AlessandraChiricostaisaPhilosopherandHistorianofReligionsandspecializes inSoutheastandEastAsianCultures.Shefocusesoninterculturalphilosophy, religious and cultural dialogue, Gender Studies and Anthropology and has workedasaconsultantforinternationalNGOsandfortheItalianEmbassyin Vietnam.ShehastaughtatthreeuniversitiesinItaly—LaSapienza,Urbaniana andRomaTre(wheresheobtainedherEuropeanPhD)—aswellastheSchool ofOrientalandAfricanStudiesandtheUniversityofHaNoi.Herpublications includeIsensidelsincretismo[MeaningsofSyncretism],2004(withMazzoleni and Franceschelli) and Oltre i Confini [Beyond the Boundaries], 2005, both published by Bulzoni; she also translated and edited Matteo Ricci SJ, Il vero significato del Signore del Cielo [The true meaning of the Lord of heaven] (UrbanianaUniversityPress2006). LouiseEdwardsisProfessorofModernChinaStudiesattheUniversityofHong Kong. Her publications include: Gender, Politics and Democracy: Women’s SuffrageinChina(StanfordUniversityPress2008);MenandWomeninQing China(E.J.Brill1994,HawaiiUniversityPress2001);CensoredbyConfucius (M.E. Sharpe 1996, with Kam Louie); and a series of edited volumes with MinaRocesincludingThePoliticsofDressinAsiaandtheAmericas(Sussex Academic 2007); Women’s Suffrage in Asia (RoutledgeCurzon 2004); and Women in Asia: Tradition, Modernity and Globalization (Allen & Unwin, MichiganUniversityPress2000). MonicaLindbergFalkisaSocialAnthropologistandlecturerandresearcherat the Centre for East and Southeast Asian Studies, Lund University, Sweden. Her research interests include gender, Buddhism, anthropology of disaster, women’s movements, religious movements, development and social change in Southeast Asia. Her scholarship includes extensive fieldwork in Thailand. Contributors ix Shehaspublishedamonographandseveralarticlesonthemesrelatedtogender andBuddhism.HercurrentresearchprojectisongenderandBuddhism’srole intherecoveryprocessafterthetsunamicatastropheinThailand. Andrea Fleschenberg, PhD, currently works as research associate and lecturer at the Institute of Social Science at the University of Hildesheim, Germany. Previously, she was a research fellow at the Institute of East Asian Studies/ Political Science at the University of Duisburg-Essen and a lecturer at the UniversityofCologne,Germany.In2007,shewasavisitingprofessoratthe University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan, and in 2006, at the Universitat JaumeIinCastellon,Spain.Herresearchareasarecomparativeandthirdworld politicswithaparticularfocusonSouthandSoutheastAsia,democratization and election studies, transitional justice issues, gender and politics, on which shehascontributednumerouspublications.Recentpublications:Afghanistan’s ParliamentintheMaking.GenderedUnderstandingsandPracticesofPolitics inaTransitionalCountry(Heinrich-Böll-FoundationUNIFEM,Berlin2009); The Gender Face of Asian Politics, co-edited with Aazar Ayaz (Oxford University Press 2009); Goddesses, Heroes, Sacrifices: Female Political Power in Asia, co-edited with Dagmar Hellmann-Rajanayagam (LIT Verlag, Zürich/Münster2008). Trudy Jacobsen is Assistant Professor of Southeast Asian History at Northern IllinoisUniversity.ShehaspublishedonBuddhismandpoliticsinCambodia, justice and reconciliation in Southeast Asia, and the history of women and powerinCambodia,mostsignificantlyLostGoddesses:TheDenialofFemale Power in Cambodian History (NIAS Press 2008). Her postdoctoral research projectIntersectionsofDesire,DutyandDebt:SexualContractsinBurmaand Cambodiawillbepublishedin2011. KyoungheeKimisanAssociateProfessorofSociologyandHeadofInstituteof Sociology at Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea. Her major research areas aregenderequalitypolicies,carework,andwomen’smovementsinKoreafrom acomparativeperspective.Hermostrecentpublicationsincludeacomparative analysisoftheERAmovementinUSandthemovementtoabolishthefamily headsysteminKorea,andthecommercializationofcareworkandmotherhood. HercurrentresearchisongenderbudgetsandpayequityinKorea. Seung-kyungKimisAssociateProfessorintheDepartmentofWomen’sStudies at the University of Maryland, College Park. Her research expertise includes Women and Work, Gender and Labour Politics, Gender and Development, Ethnography, Feminist Theory, and women in East Asia and Asian America. Herpublicationsinclude:ClassStruggleorFamilyStruggle?:LivesofWomen Factory Workers in South Korea (Cambridge University Press 1997, 2009); Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspective (Routledge 2003, 2009). She has written articles and book chapters that were published in various journals and anthologies. She is currently working on two book manuscripts:Women’sMovementsinDemocraticSouthKorea:TheTrajectory
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