Women Writing Women Ladies and Gentlemen: The topic of my talk is “Loneliness in Women and How to Prevent It." SUNY Series in Latin American and Iberian Thought and Culture Jorge J. E. Gracia, Editor Women Writing Women An Anthology of SpanishAmerican Theater of the 1980s Edited by Teresa Cajiao Salas and Margarita Vargas Introduction by Margarita Vargas STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRESS Frontispiece courtesy of Diana Raznovich. Production by Ruth Fisher Marketing by Theresa Abad Swierzowski Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 1997 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information, address the State University of New York Press, State University Plaza, Albany, NY 12246 Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Women writing women: an anthology of SpanishAmerican theater of the 1980s / edited by Teresa Cajiao Salas and Margarita Vargas. p. cm. — (SUNY series in Latin American and Iberian thought and culture) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) Contents: Altarpiece of Yumbel / Isidora Aguirre — Yankee / Sabina Berman — The great USkrainian circus / Myrna Casas — Evening walk / Teresa Marichal — Dialamorn / Diana Raznovich — Waiting for the Italian / Mariela Romero — Seven times Eve / Beatriz Seibel — A woman, two men, and a gunshot / Maruxa Vilalta. ISBN 079143205X (alk. paper). — ISBN 0791432068 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Spanish American drama—Women authors. 2. Spanish American drama—20th century. I. Salas, Teresa Cajiao. II. Vargas, Margarita, 1956. III. Series. PQ7082.D7W6 1997 862dc20 9622946 CIP 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Alberto for his love and unfailing support To David, for his love, patience, and incisive comments Also, to my mother, María M. Vargas and my children, Isaac, Christopher, and Elena Page vii Contents Preface ix Introduction by Margarita Vargas 1 Altarpiece of Yumbel 19 Isidora Aguirre, Chile Yankee 75 Sabina Berman, Mexico The Great USkrainian Circus 125 Myrna Casas, Puerto Rico Evening Walk 189 Teresa Marichal Lugo, Puerto Rico DialaMom 215 Diana Raznovich, Argentina Waiting for the Italian 245 Mariela Romero, Venezuela Seven Times Eve 311 Beatriz Seibel, Argentina A Woman, Two Men, and a Gunshot 339 Maruxa Vilalta, Mexico Trans. Kirsten Nigro Bibliography 443 Index 463 Page ix Preface The dearth of anthologies on SpanishAmerican drama, either in English or in Spanish, was a leading motivation behind this project. The decision to put together an anthology of plays written by women stems from our participation in the First International Conference of Women Playwrights organized by Anna Kay France and held in Buffalo in 1988. Our intention was not to ghettoize women but rather to create a space in which their voices could be heard without being easily dismissed by the dominant presence of male authors. Aware of the fact that translations can never be an exact reproduction of the original work, we nevertheless undertook this project in order to disseminate among Englishspeaking audiences different feminist and feminine visions of SpanishAmerican reality. In selecting the plays, we wanted to represent as many countries as possible to avoid falling into the trap of including only women from countries with a long theatrical tradition. Unfortunately, because it was not financially feasible to publish two volumes, we were forced to omit playwrights from Central America and Brazil. In addition to the above criteria we chose these playwrights because they have all produced at least three plays and have received national and, in some cases, international acclaim. Moreover, they are all presently active in the theater, whether as playwrights, directors, actresses, or critics. We regret that economical restraints prevented us from including Argentina's distinguished playwright, Griselda Gambaro. As is the case with projects of this scope, we would have been unable to complete it without the assistance, advice, and encouragement of family members, friends, colleagues, and students. Special recognition goes to our respective husbands, Alberto J. Salas and David E. Johnson, for their patience and understanding. To Lalita, whose delicious lunches and meriendas provided us with nourishment to maintain the energy level necessary to complete such a task, we will always be grateful. Our deep appreciation goes to the playwrights, who generously gave us access to their works and permission to translate and publish one of their plays. In accordance to our agreement with them, we alert readers that the playwrights hold all production rights and that per Page x mission to perform any of the plays in this anthology should be secured directly with them. To this end, their addresses are included in the first endnote of each play. Friends and colleagues who contributed to the fruition of our project include Wilma Newberry, Kathleen Betsko, and Darleen PickeringHummert. We thank Wilma for her thorough readings of all the translations and her useful comments. Kathleen's expertise in playwrighting proved invaluable in testing the theatrical feasibility of our translations. To Darleen, who performed the mother role in a stage reading of Diana Raznovich's Casa matriz, we owe its present English title. To all the students at the University at Buffalo, now too numerous to mention individually, who read the plays in the various typescript versions and made constructive suggestions, rail gracias. We also want to thank David M. Bergeron and David E. Johnson for their meticulous reading of the introduction and their insightful comments. Last, but not least, we are indebted to the different organizations who sponsored this project. The idea of putting together an anthology was initially supported by the SUNY system, who encouraged collaborative work and granted Teresa C. Salas two successive Graduate Research Initiative Awards from 1988 to 1989. The Lilly Foundation provided Margarita Vargas a fellowship in 1989 to continue working on the anthology with the understanding that the project would lead to the development of a course in English for the Undergraduate College. The Nuala McGann Drescher Award, granted to Margarita from 19901991, contributed to the finalization of the anthology. And finally, we wish to acknowledge the Dean's Office in the Faculty of Arts and Letters for funding the artwork in the anthology. Page 1 Introduction by Margarita Vargas Despite societal pressures, no longer are women uncritically telling themselves the same story men have told them, and told about them, for centuries, no longer is exploitation by colonial powers the sole measure of oppression. —Debra Castillo 31 Those not familiar with SpanishAmerican letters may find the notion of SpanishAmerican feminism contradictory; yet, feminist ideals can be traced more than three hundred years back to the Mexican writer Sot Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648/511695). 1 To those conversant in the field, however, Sot Juana is a household name, singled out whenever women writers are discussed.2 Nevertheless, because Sot Juana's contribution to feminism is significant, forming a link that needs to be articulated within the context of a general introduction to Spanish American women's writing for an English audience, we must trace and retrace the long line—albeit discontinuous—that ties her to contemporary women writers. Like Sor Juana, most of the writers in the anthology are involved in the desedimentation and denunciation of maleconstructed roles for women. They have abandoned the direct, didactic tone adopted by Sor Juana in her redondilla "Hombres necios" (Foolish men), where she admonishes men for erecting idyllic representations of womanhood.3 Instead, they have pursued the general mode of her "Respuesta a Sor Filotea" (Response to Sister Filotea) in which Sor Juana promotes, though circuitously, the right of women to think out loud, to participate in the making of culture, and to excel intellectually. The following remark by Jean Franco indirectly points to other connections between Sor Juana and the playwrights: "her empowerment by writing led her to understand gender difference as a social construction..." (xv). The consciousness of both the power of writing and the constructedness of gender difference are central issues in most of the plays.
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