Women, Work and Achievement: The Endless Revolution

255 Pages·1989·24.301 MB·English

by  Bernard Carl Rosen (auth.)

WOMEN, WORK AND ACHIEVEMENT
By the same author
ADOLESCENCE AND RELIGION
ACHIEVEMENT IN AMERICAN SOCIETY
THE INDUSTRIAL CONNECTION
Women, Work and
Achievement
The Endless Revolution
Bernard Carl Rosen
Professor of Sociology
Cornell University
Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 978-0-333-48869-0 ISBN 978-1-349-20026-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-20026-9
©Bernard Carl Rosen 1989
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989 978-0-333-48868-3
All rights reserved. For information, write:
Scholarly and Reference Division,
St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010
First published in the United States of America in 1989
ISBN 978-0-312-02507-6
library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rosen, Bernard Carl.
Women, work, and achievement : the endless revolution I Bernard
Carl Rosen
p. em.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-312-02507-6
l. Women-Employment. 2. Sex role in the work environment.
3. Professional socialization-Sex differences. I. Title.
HD6053.R57 1989
331.4-dc 19 88-7802
CIP
To my brother
Boris
Contents
List of Tables Vlll
List of Charts and Figures X
Preface Xl
1. The Waning of Sexual Inequality
2. Women in the Labour Force 19
3. Sex Differences in Early Achievement 35
4. The Social Context of Sex Role Socialisation 52
5. The Sex Role and Female Personality 82
6. The Chameleon Syndrome 109
7. Sex Differences in the Status Attainment Process 148
8. Domestic Roles and Occupational Choice 181
9. Conclusion 208
Appendix: People, Places, Procedures 217
Notes 227
Index 238
List of Tables
3.1 Mean IQ and Grades, by Sex and Country 41
3.2 Correlations of IQ and Grades with Educational
and Occupational Expectations 45
3.3 Mean Activities and Awards Scores, by Sex and
Country 48
4.1 Mean Perception of Parents Scores, by Sex and
Country 68
4.2 Mean Evaluation Scores of Parental Work Role, by
Sex and Country 74
4.3 Correlation of Adolescents' Educational and
Occupational Expectations with Parental Indices, by
Sex and Country 78
4.4 Adolescents' Educational and Occupational
Expectations Regressed on Independence Index, Age
and Social Status, by Sex and Country 80
5.1 Mean Self-assessment Scores, by Sex and Country 92
5.2 Correlation of Self-assessment Scores with Social
Status, Independence Index, Academic Grades,
Educational and Occupational Expectations, by Sex
and Country 94
5.3 Mechanisms for Handling Anger, by Sex and
Country 104
5.4 Correlation of Anger Index Scores with Social
Status, Independence, Age, Academic Grades, and
Educational and Occupational Expectations, by Sex
and Country 106
6.1 Mean Acceptance of Sex Role Stereotypes, by Sex
and Country 119
6.2 Mean Perception of Opposite Sex, by Sex and
Country 124
6.3 Mean Sex Role Behaviour, by Sex and Country 127
6.4 Mean Chameleon Syndrome Score, by Sex in the
United States and Britain 135
6.5 Mean Chameleon Syndrome Score, by Intensity of
Parental Pressures towards Chameleonism in the
United States and Britain 139
viii
List of Tables IX
6.6 Mean Chameleon Syndrome Score, by the Type of
Dating Relationship for II th and 12th Grade
Females in the United States and Britain 142
6.7 Mean Chameleon Syndrome Score, by Level of
Domestic Orientation in the United States and
Britain 144
7.1 Percentage of Type of Educational Expectation, by
Sex and Country 156
7.2 Percentage of Level of Occupational Expectation, by
Sex and Country 161
7.3 Coefficients of a Model of Status Expectations for
II-12th Grade Females, Trivial Paths Deleted 166-7
7.4 Coefficients of a Model of Status Expectations for
II-12th Grade Males, Trivial Paths Deleted 168-9
7.5 Direct, Indirect and Total Effects of Status
Expectations, ll-12th Grade Females and Males 172-3
8.1 Means of Domestic Expectation Variables, by Sex
and Country 194
8.2 Mean Sex Role Values and Sex Role Stereotypes, by
Life-style Expectation for Females in Three
Countries 196
8.3 Percentage Distribution of Occupational and
Labour Force Participation Expectations, by Sex
and Country 200
8.4 Discriminant Analysis for Sex-typicality of
Occupational Expectation Groups, Females with
Dual Role Expectations 205
List of Charts and Figures
CHARTS
4.1 Statements about Parents 67
6.1 The Chameleon Syndrome Index 133
FIGURE
7.1 A Causal Model of Status Expectations 165
x