Women of the Conquest Dynasties: Gender and Identity in Liao and Jin China

290 Pages·2011·3.802 MB·English

by  Linda Cooke Johnson

Women of the Conquest Dynasties

GENDER AND IDENTITY IN

LIAO AND JIN CHINA
Linda Cooke Johnson
Women of the
Conquest Dynasties
Wenji gui Han. Permission of the Jilin Provincial Museum, Changchun. On silk in
ink and color.
Women of the
Conquest Dynasties
(cid:2)
Gender and Identity
in Liao and Jin China
LINDA COOKE JOHNSON

University of Hawai‘i Press
Honolulu
© 2011 University of Hawai‘i Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
16 15 14 13 12 11 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Johnson, Linda Cooke.
Women of the conquest dynasties : gender and identity in Liao and Jin China / Linda
Cooke Johnson.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8248-3404-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Women—China—Manchuria—History. 2. Manchuria (China)—History—To
1500.
HQ1769.M36 J64 2011
305.40951—dc22
2011006613
University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the
guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources.
Designed by Publishers’ Design and Production Services, Inc.
Printed by Edwards Brothers, Inc.
For Professor An Pingqiu (cid:4537)(cid:5283)(cid:12283)

and the members of the All-China Consortium
for the Study of Chinese Classics (Gu Wei Hui)

(cid:2)
Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Time Line xi
Maps xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction xvii
ONE
Womanly Ideals in the Liao and Jin Periods 1
TWO
Liao Women’s Daily Lives 26
THREE
Jin Women’s Daily Lives 54
vii
Contents
FOUR
Sexuality and Marriage 80
FIVE
Widowhood and Chastity 106
SIX
Warrior Women 121
SEVEN
Private Affairs 141
Conclusion 165
Notes 183
Glossary 209
Bibliography 223
Index 241
viii
(cid:2)
Illustrations
Fig. I.1. Wenji gui Han, section 1 xxvii
Fig. 2.1. Fan ma, section 1 27
Fig. 2.2. Fan ma, section 2 28
Fig. 2.3. Fan ma, section 3 29
Fig. 2.4. Fan ma detail: yurt and tribesmen 30
Fig. 2.5. Fan ma detail: archers 31
Fig. 2.6. Fan ma detail: taming a camel 32
Fig. 2.7. Kitan hairstyles 32
Fig. 2.8. Horse and rider 36
Fig. 2.9. Wall painting of Kitan carriage with camel from the tomb
of Xiao He 38
Fig. 2.10. Wall painting of women preparing food and drink from
the tomb of Hann Shixun 45
Fig. 2.11. Wall painting of celebration with elderly lady and
entertainers from the tomb of Hann Shixun 46
Fig. 2.12. Wall painting of interior genre scene from the tomb
of Zhang Wenzao 47
Fig. 2.13. Zodiac from the tomb of Zhang shi 51
Fig. 3.1. Wenji gui Han, “Tribesmen” 58
Fig. 3.2. Wenji gui Han, “Wenji and Women” 59
ix