Women of the Apocalypse: Afrospeculative Feminist Novelists

141 Pages·2017·1.19 MB·English

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Theses and Dissertations--English English
2017
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Bianca L. Spriggs
University of Kentucky, [email protected]
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2017.177
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Spriggs, Bianca L., "Women of the Apocalypse: Afrospeculative Feminist Novelists" (2017). Theses and
Dissertations--English. 56.
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Bianca L. Spriggs, Student
Dr. Michael Trask, Major Professor
Dr. Jill Rappoport, Director of Graduate Studies
WOMEN OF THE APOCALPYSE: AFROSPECULATIVE FEMINIST NOVELISTS

DISSERTATION

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
in the College of Arts and Sciences
at the University of Kentucky

By
Bianca Lynne Spriggs

Lexington, Kentucky

Director: Dr. Michael Trask,
Professor of English
Lexington, Kentucky

2017

Copyright © Bianca Lynne Spriggs 2017
ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION

WOMEN OF THE APOCALPYSE:
AFROSPECULATIVE FEMINIST NOVELISTS

“Women of the Apocalypse: Afrospeculative Feminist Novelists,” seeks to
address the problematic ‘Exodus narrative,’ a convention that has helped shape Black
American liberation politics dating back to the writings of Phyllis Wheatley. Novels
by Zora Neale Hurston, Octavia Butler, and Alice Walker undermine and complicate
this narrative by challenging the trope of a single charismatic male leader who leads
an entire race to a utopic promised land. For these writers, the Exodus narrative is
unsustainable for a number of reasons, not the least of which is because there is no
room for women to operate outside of the role of supportive wives. The mode of
speculative fiction is well suited to crafting counter-narratives to Exodus mythology
because of its ability to place marginalized voices in the center from the stance of
‘What next?’

My project is a hybrid in that I combine critical theory with original poems.
The prose section of each chapter contextualizes a novel and its author with regard
to Exodus mythology. However, because novels can only reveal so much about
character development, I identify spaces to engage and elaborate upon the
conversation incited by these authors’ feminist protagonists. In the tradition of Black
American poets such as, Ai, Patricia Smith, Rita Dove, and Tyehimba Jess, in my own
personal creative work, I regularly engage historical figures through recovering the
narratives of underrepresented voices. To write in persona or limited omniscient,
spotlighting an event where the reader possesses incomplete information
surrounding a character’s experience, the result becomes a kind of call-and-response
interaction with these novels.

KEYWORDS: Afrospeculative, Afrofuturist, Feminist,
Speculative Literature, African-American
Literature
Bianca Lynne Spriggs
April, 28, 2017
WOMEN OF THE APOCALYPSE:
AFROSPECULATIVE FEMINIST NOVELISTS

By

Bianca Lynne Spriggs

Michael Trask

Director of Dissertation

Jill Rappoport

Director of Graduate Studies

4/28/17

Date
For Angel Clark
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work would not have been possible without specific individuals and groups that
demonstrate unflagging support and continue to urge me to explore my interests. To
Glenna Betties, Ron Spriggs, Veronica Spriggs, Angel Clark, Kate Hadfield, Meredith
Clark, Frank X Walker, Jeremy Paden, Ricardo Nazario y Colón, Elizabeth Beck, Dorian
Hairston, Nigel Wade, Jared Owens, Roger Bonair-Agard, Neil Chethik, Lori Meadows,
Judi Jennings, Michael Trask, Virginia Blum, Nazera Wright, Melynda Price, Andrea
Fisher, Ashley Smith, Katerina Stoykova-Klemer, E.C. Belli, Parneshia Jones, Sandra M.
Grayson, The Affrilachian Poets, The Carnegie Center for Literacy and Learning, The
Kentucky Women Writers Conference, the Kentucky Foundation for Women, the
Kentucky Domestic Violence Association, the Kentucky Arts Council—gratitude.

iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………………..Pg. iii

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………...Pg. 1
In Her Own Image: Feminist Space(s) in Afrospeculative Fiction

Chapter One………………………………………………………………………………………………….Pg. 20
Going a Piece of the Way: Art Imitating Lie in Zora Neale Hurston’s Moses, Man
of the Mountain

Chapter Two…………………………………………………………………………………………………Pg. 56
Learn & Run: Utopia in Octavia E. Butler’s Dawn

Chapter Three………………………………………………………………………………………………Pg. 94
We are All of Us in Heaven Already: Reincarnation as Liberation in Alice
Walker’s, The Temple of My Familiar

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………………….Pg. 124

Vita…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Pg. 129

iv
INTRODUCTION

In Her Own Image:
Feminist Space(s) in Afrospeculative Fiction

...born in babylon
both nonwhite and woman
what did i see to be except myself?
i made it up
here on this bridge between
starshine and clay

—Lucille Clifton, “won’t you celebrate with me”

In 1976, the Dogon people of Mali became exceptionally interesting to rest of
the world because a book was published about their belief system surrounding a
binary star system—Sirius and Sirius B—which appeared to predate scientific
discovery. Sirius B, in particular, is a white dwarf star which is invisible to the human
eye, and yet, the Dogon intimated precise knowledge of not only the location of the
star but how long it took to complete its orbit. Robert K.G. Temple, the French
anthropologist who authored the book, The Sirius Mystery, speculated about the
traditional religion of the Dogon people and the plausibility of extraterrestrial
transmission surrounding the location of Sirius B. Investigations and theories
continued to revolve around these reports and in the 1990’s concluded the presence
of a third star, Sirius C, also predicted by the Dogon people. While skeptics have
allegedly debunked the mysteries of the accuracy or originality of their discovery,
there persist pockets of people from around the world who choose to believe that the
Dogon people were at worst, privy to extraterrestrial information and at best, astral
travelers—and had seen these stars for themselves.
1