Women of Asia: Globalization, Development, and Gender Equity PDF
Preview Women of Asia: Globalization, Development, and Gender Equity
Women of Asia W ith thirty-two original chapters refl ecting cutting Mehrangiz Najafi zadeh is a faculty member in edge content throughout developed and developing the Department of Sociology at the University of Asia, Women of Asia: Globalization, Development, Kansas where she is also an affi liated faculty in the and Gender Equity is a comprehensive anthology Center for Russian, East European, and Eurasian that contributes signifi cantly to understanding Studies and in the Center for Global and Inter- globalization’s transformative process and the national Studies. resulting detrimental and benefi cial consequences for women in the four major geographic regions of Linda L. Lindsey is Senior Lecturer in American East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Eurasia/ Culture Studies and in the Department of Sociology Central Asia. The anthology gives “voice” to women at Washington University in St. Louis and Professor and provides innovative ways through which salient Emeritus of Sociology at Maryville University of understudied issues pertaining to Asian women’s St. Louis. situation are brought to the forefront. Women of Asia Globalization, Development, and Gender Equity Edited by Mehrangiz Najafi zadeh and Linda L. Lindsey First published 2019 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 Taylor & Francis The right of Mehrangiz Najafi zadeh and Linda L. Lindsey to be identifi ed as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Najafi zadeh, Mehrangiz, editor. | Lindsey, Linda L., editor. Title: Women of Asia: globalization, development, and gender equity/ edited by Mehrangiz Najafi zadeh and Linda L. Lindsey. Description: New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifi ers: LCCN 2017057257 (print) | LCCN 2017059059 (ebook) | ISBN 9781315458458 (Master Ebook) | ISBN 9781315458441 (Web pdf) | ISBN 9781315458434 (ePub) | ISBN 9781315458427 (Mobipocket) | ISBN 9781138208773 (hardback: alk. paper) | ISBN 9781138208780 (pbk.: alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Women–Asia–Social conditions. | Women’s rights–Asia. | Sexism–Asia. | Sex role–Asia. | Economic development–Asia. Classifi cation: LCC HQ1726 (ebook) | LCC HQ1726.W677 2018 (print) | DDC 305.4095–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017057257 ISBN: 978-1-138-20877-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-20878-0 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-45845-8 (ebk) Typeset in TimesTen by Sunrise Setting Ltd, Brixham, UK Contents Preface and Acknowledgments viii Notes on Contributors x PART I Introduction and Overviews of Women in Asia 1 1 Globalization, Development, and Gender Equity: A Thematic Perspective on Women of Asia 3 Linda L. Lindsey and Mehrangiz Najafi zadeh 2 Gender Equality, Women’s Empowerment, and the Sustainable Development Agenda in Asia 16 Eugenia McGill 3 Gendering Aid and Development Policy: Offi cial Understanding of Gender Issues in Foreign Aid Programs in Asia 33 Patrick Kilby PART II East Asia 45 4 Globalization and Gender Equity in China 47 Linda L. Lindsey 5 China’s “State Feminism” in Context: The All-China Women’s Federation from Inception to Current Challenges 66 Yingtao Li and Di Wang 6 Gender Equality and the Limits of Law in Securing Social Change in Hong Kong 83 Amy Barrow and Sealing Cheng 7 Women’s Experiences of Balancing Work and Family in South Korea: Continuity and Change 98 Sirin Sung 8 Gender Equality in the Japanese Workplace: What has Changed since 1985? 111 Chikako Usui v vi • CONTENTS 9 Addressing Women’s Health through Economic Opportunity: Lessons from Women Engaged in Sex Work in Mongolia 124 Susan S. Witte, Toivgoo Aira, and Laura Cordisco Tsai PART III Southeast Asia 137 10 Women, Globalization, and Religious Change in Southeast Asia 139 Barbara Watson Andaya 11 Adapting Human Rights: Gender-Based Violence and Law in Indonesia 154 Shahirah Mahmood 12 Experiences of Financial Vulnerability and Empowerment among Women who were Traffi cked in the Philippines 170 Laura Cordisco Tsai 13 Women as Natural Caregivers? Migration, Healthcare Workers, and Eldercare in Singapore 184 Shirlena Huang and Brenda S. A. Yeoh 14 Elected Women Politicians in Singapore’s Parliament: An Analysis of Socio-Demographic Profi le 198 Netina Tan 15 Globalization and Increased Informalization of Labor: Women in the Informal Economy in Malaysia 212 Shanthi Thambiah and Tan Beng Hui 16 Women Politicians in Cambodia: Resisting and Negotiating Power in a Newly “Implemented” Democracy 226 Mikael Baaz and Mona Lilja 17 Freedom to Choose? Marriage and Professional Work among Urban Middle-Class Women in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 236 Catherine Earl 18 Entrepreneurial Women in Lao People’s Democratic Republic 248 Nittana Southiseng and John Walsh 19 Persisting Inequality, Rural Transformation, and Gender Relations in the Northeast of Thailand 257 Buapun Promphakping 20 Challenging Gender Inequalities through Education and Activism: Exploring the Work of Women’s Organizations in Myanmar’s Transition 268 Elizabeth J. T. Maber and Pyo Let Han CONTENTS • vii PART IV South Asia 281 21 Young Women’s Situation and Patriarchal Bargains: The Story of a Son-Less Family in Rural Bangladesh 283 Roslyn Fraser Schoen 22 Livelihoods, Households, and Womanhood in Nepal 294 Mira Mishra 23 Negotiating Gendered Violence in the Public Spaces of Indian Cities: Globalization and Urbanization in Contemporary India 307 Subhadra Mitra Channa 24 The Promises and Pitfalls of Microfi nance in Pakistani Women’s Lives 319 Veronica E. Medina and Priya Dua 25 Afghan Women: The Politics of Empowerment in the Post-2001 Era 333 Orzala Nemat PART V Eurasia and Central Asia 347 26 Women in Azerbaijan: Decades of Change and Challenges 349 Mehrangiz Najafi zadeh 27 Female Religious Leaders in Uzbekistan: Recalibrating Desires and Effecting Social Change 365 Svetlana Peshkova 28 Project Kelin: Marriage, Women, and Re-Traditionalization in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan 379 Diana T. Kudaibergenova 29 “Women Move the Cradle with One Hand and with the Other, the World!” Methodological Refl ections on “The Woman Question” in Tajikistan 391 Sophie Roche 30 Tradition, Islam, and the State: International Organizations and the Prevention of Violence against Women in Tajikistan 403 Lucia Direnberger 31 Rural Women’s Encounters with Economic Development in Kyrgyzstan 415 Deborah Dergousoff 32 Women as Change Agents: Gender in Post-Soviet Central Asia 424 Rano Turaeva Index 437 Preface and Acknowledgments continent on the globe, is a formidable task. Given PREFACE our objectives, we needed to ensure that the content refl ects both the anthology’s breadth ( Women of W ith globalization discourse as the centerpiece, Asia ) and its depth ( Globalization, Development, the 32 original chapters in Women of Asia: and Gender Equity). Refl ecting its breadth, our Globalization, Development, and Gender Equity introductory chapter highlights the gendered offer insights for understanding this transforma- patterns in Asia that emerged from our compre- tive process in contexts that may serve to benefi t hensive analysis of all chapters, and it is followed women or to increase risks for women. This trans- by two overview chapters suggesting how these formation has permeated social institutions or other themes play out across Asia. By organiz- throughout Asia and is associated with profound ing chapters according to region (East Asia, changes for women, whether they reside in Asia’s Southeast Asia, South Asia, Eurasia/Central Asia), developed or developing regions. Capitalizing on and inviting authors with specializations on gen- our professional and personal networks and avail- der scholarship in developed and developing able sources on gender issues in Asia, we located Asia, the breadth is additionally enhanced. The authors engaged in signifi cant research and anthology profi ts highly from scholars addressing scholarship directly related to the anthology’s gender issues in regions such as Central Asia, and thematic emphases. Their extensive research pro- countries such as Lao PDR (People’s Democratic vided the foundation for their chapters included Republic), Mongolia, Nepal, and Myanmar, which in this anthology. Although we are sociologists, are underrepresented in the literature. our teaching and research increasingly incorpor- Refl ecting the anthology’s depth, authors ate rapidly advancing interdisciplinary scholar- sel ected topics based on their background, research, ship and applied work related to the topics of the and knowledge of women’s issues and situation in a anthology. Contributing authors reside in countries given country. All authors had the latitude to deter- throughout Asia and the West, and represent a mine how the topic pertains to one or more of the wide range of disciplines including sociology, anthology’s themes: globalization, development, anthropology, gender studies, history, social pol- and gender equity. Overall, the anthology contrib- icy, and cultural geography. By addressing topics utes signifi cantly to the discourse on critical issues from a variety of theoretical and methodological surrounding women of Asia, giving “voice” to perspectives, they offer insights relevant for both women and providing innovative ways for women conceptual and applied work. The anthology’s to tell their stories on salient topics and issues. interdisciplinary thrust and related perspectives provide new and dynamic insights useful to scholars, students, policy planners, and advocates ACKNOWLEDGMENTS and activists in a variety of disciplines. C ompiling original chapters addressing the W e extend our sincere appreciation to Samantha situation of women in Asia, the most diverse Barbaro, Senior Editor, Social Sciences, for her viii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • ix support and encouragement throughout this sharing their expertise, insights, and wisdom lengthy process and to Erik Zimmerman, Edito- during the past two decades. rial Assistant, for his superb assistance in prepar- We also thank each other for providing mutual ing the manuscript for production. We also thank support as long-standing colleagues and friends. all our contributors for sharing their expertise, The editing of this anthology, with 32 original insight, and attentive refl ections as we dialogued chapters written by scholars from around the on their chapters, all of which enriched the globe, has been both an extremely rewarding anthology. experience as well as an extensive and challenging Linda Lindsey also thanks Morris Levin (in process requiring our attention to a myriad of fac- memoriam), Nancy English, Ann Biele, and her ets and details. Our mutual support throughout BreadCo friends for their encouragement and this process has been of immense value in bringing thoughtfulness throughout the process, and this anthology to fruition. Finally, we extend our Mehrangiz Najafi zadeh thanks her colleagues continuing gratitude to our families for their and friends in Azerbaijan and Central Asia for enduring support over the years.
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