Women Latin Poets: Language, Gender, and Authority from Antiquity to the Eighteenth Century PDF
Preview Women Latin Poets: Language, Gender, and Authority from Antiquity to the Eighteenth Century
WOMEN LATIN POETS This page intentionally left blank W O M E N L A T I N P O E T S Language, Gender, and Authority, from Antiquity to the Eighteenth Century JANE STEVENSON 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork (cid:1)JaneStevenson2005 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2005 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiresconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Stevenson,Jane,1959– WomenLatinpoets:language,gender,andauthority,fromantiquitytothe eighteenthcentury/JaneStevenson. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. (alk.paper) 1. Latinpoetry,Medievalandmodern–Womenauthors–Historyandcriticism. 2. Latin poetry–Womenauthors–Historyandcriticism. 3. Women–Europe–Intellectuallife. 4. Feminist andliterature–Europe. 5. Womenandliterature–Europe. 6. Authorityinliterature. 7. Sexroleinliterature. I. Title. PA8050.S74 2005 871.009’9287–dc22 2004029384 TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritainonacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd,King’sLynn,Norfolk ISBN0-19-818502-2 978-0-19-818502-4 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 CATHEDRATICAE ORNATISSIMAE MARGARET J. M. EZELL This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements The dedication of this book expresses my profound sense that, of all the many scholarlyworkswhichIconsultedinitspreparation,thoseofProfessorMargaret Ezell were the most profoundly original: though learned women per se have not beenhercentralconcern,Ihavefoundherapproachdeeplyilluminating,andhave come to feel that I owe her an intellectual debt which I am more than happy to acknowledge. Iamalsosincerelygratefulforthegeneroushelpandassistanceaffordedtothis projectbyalargenumberofindividualsandinstitutions. Myfirstdebtistothelibrarieswhichhaveallowedmetoconsultmanuscriptsand rarebooksintheircare,andgrantedmepermissiontociteorquotetheirtexts:in Belgium,theBibliothe`queRoyale,Brussels;inDenmark,theKongeligeBibliotek, Copenhagen;inEngland,theUniversityLibrary,Cambridge,theCumbriaCounty Record Office, Carlisle, the Public Record Office, Kew, the archive of Hatfield House,theHertfordshireCountyRecordOffice,Hertford,theNorthamptonshire Record Office, Northampton, the Nottinghamshire County Record Office, Not- tingham,theLeicestershireCountyRecordOffice,Leicester,theBritishLibrary, London,theLibraryoftheSocietyofFriends,London,theUniversityofLondon Library,London,DrWilliams’sLibrary,London,theBodleianLibrary,Oxford, andtheWarwickshireCountyRecordOffice,Warwick;inFrance,theBibliothe`que de l’Arsenal, Paris, Bibliothe`que Mazarine, Paris, Bibliothe`que Nationale de France,Paris,andBibliothe`queSainte-Genevie`ve,Paris;inGermany,theBayer- ischeStaatsbibliothek,Munich,andtheHerzog-AugustBibliothek,Wolfenbu¨ttel; inItaly,theBibliotecacivicaAngeloMai,Bergamo,theArchiviodistato,Biblioteca comunale dell’Archiginnasio, Bologna, the Biblioteca universitaria, Bologna, the Biblioteca comunale Ariosteia, Ferrara, the Biblioteca Laurentiana, Florence, the Biblioteca nazionale centrale, Florence, the Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence, the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan, the Archivio storico comunale, Modena, the BibliotecaEstense,Modena,theBibliotecanazionale,Naples,theBibliotecamuseo civico, Padua, the Biblioteca universitaria, Padua, the Biblioteca museo Bottacin, Padua, the Biblioteca universitaria, Pavia, the Biblioteca Roncioniana, Prato, the BibliotecaClassense,Ravenna,theBibliotecanazionalecentraleVittorioEmanuele, Rome, the Biblioteca comunale Augusta, Perugia, the Biblioteca comunale degli Intronati, Siena, the Biblioteca Marciana, Venice, the Biblioteca comunale Bertolina, Verona; in the Netherlands, the Koniglijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, the Universiteitsbibliotheek, Leiden; in Scotland, the University Library, Aber- deen,theUniversityLibrary,Edinburgh,theNationalLibraryofScotland,Edin- burgh; in Spain, the Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid, the Biblioteca Universitaria, Salamanca,theInstitutoInteruniversitariodeEstudiosdeIberoame´ricayPortugal, viii Acknowledgements Salamanca, the Archivio General, Simancas, and the Biblioteca del Colegia de SantaCruz,Valladolid;inSweden,theKungligaBiblioteket,Stockholm,andthe Universitetsbiblioteket, Uppsala; in the United States, the Houghton Library, Cambridge, and the Newberry Library, Chicago; in Vatican City, the Biblioteca apostolica. I would like to record that the number of librarians and archivists in many countrieswhohavegoneoutoftheirwaytobehelpfulisbothheartwarmingand astonishing:inmanycasestheydidnotevengivemetheirnames,butIamgrateful to them all the same, severally and collectively. I owe particular debts to the always-helpful RareBooks andManuscripts librarians intheBritish Libraryand tothe staff of Duke Humphrey’s library, to DrJayne Ringrose in particular, but also to the other staff of the Cambridge University Library, the Rare Books librarians at the Koniglijke Bibliotheek in The Hague, Dr Z. Jagodzinski at the PolishLibrary,Hammersmith,amanuscriptslibrarianintheBibliotecauniversi- taria,Bologna,whogavemeanamazingamountofhertimebutrefusedtogiveher name, Frau Dr Foohs and other staff of the Staatsbibliothek in Munich, A´ngel Luis Redero Herna´ndez in the Instituto Interuniversitario de Estudios de Ibero- ame´rica y Portugal in Salamanca, A. Ce´sar Castro of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru, who kindly answered queries by email, the Rare Books librarian in the Universitetsbiblioteket in Uppsala, Dottoressa Mar- gherita Carboni, the manuscripts librarian at the Biblioteca Marciana in Venice, andDrJacobThomsenattheKongeligeBibliotek,Copenhagen. TheUniversityofWarwickwasgenerouswithtravelgrants,creativesolutions, andvariouskindsofassistanceduringmytimethere,whileseveralmembersofits administrativestaffwentoutoftheirwayformeinonesenseoranother:Iwould thereforeliketothankGilesCarden,NikkiMuckle,IreneBlood,andJanetBailey. The AHRB generously supported travel and research assistance, enabling me to visitItaly,France,Spain,Sweden,andGermany,aswellasenablingmetodraw on the talents of research assistants in three different countries—they have also beenpatientwhenitalltookmuchlongerthanitwasmeantto. Thanksarealsoduetoanumberofprivateindividuals,friends,colleagues,and fellow members of the respublica litterarum who have answered questions, dis- cussedideas,sentreferences,offeredinsights,orhelpedinotherwaysoverwhatis nowaconsiderableperiodoftime(includingseveralofOxfordUniversityPress’s anonymouslearnedreaders).ThenetworksofsupportandfriendshipwhichIhave suggested formed part of the experience of early modern learned women have certainlyformedpartofmyowninwritingthisbook.Itisinvidioustodoanything butlistthosewhohavehelpedmeinalphabeticalorder.Iamgratefulforallkinds of reasons to Marianne Alenius, Maria Rosa Antognazza, Ros Ballaster, Susan Bassnett, Jill Bepler, Titus Bicknell, Jim Binns, Louise Bourdua, Maisie Brown, SylviaBrown,PatriciaBru¨ckmann,AbigailBrundin,VickiBurke,BernardCapp, AnnaCarrdus,LaurieChurchill, Elizabeth Clarke,Marie-LouiseCoolahan,Ceri Davies,RuthDawson,IngriddeSmet,StellaFletcher,EdFoster,PaulGehl,Joan Gibson, Gilbert Gigliotti, John Gilmore, Elisabet Go¨ransson, Nick Graham, Acknowledgements ix Alastair Hamilton, Anthony Harvey, Yasmin Haskell, Fr. Bob Hendrie, Ma´ire Herbert, Steve Hindle, Brenda Hosington, Howard Hotson, David Howlett, Arnold Hunt, Lorna Hutson, Josef Ijsewijn, Stephen Jaeger, James Knowles, Piotr Kuhiwczak, Margaret Lantry, Guy Lee, Henrique Leitao, Judi Loach, RogerLonsdale,RichardMaber,Fr.RupertMcArdy,PeterMack,NoelMalcolm, Michael Mallet, Jeremy Maule, Constant Mews, Shayne Mitchell, Dominic Montserrat, Cornelia Niekus Moore, Clara Mucci, Penny Murray, Christina Neagu, David Norbrook, Jane Ohlmeyer, Holt Parker, Georgina Paul, Frederik Pedersen, Andrew Pettegree, Ursula Phillips, Lee Piepho, Yopie Prins, Alison Rawles,DomDanielRees,JamieReidBaxter,AlisonSaunders,WolfgangSchibel, Sabina Sharkey, Richard Sharpe, Alison Shell, Gabriela Signiori, Nigel Smith, Fr. Pavel St Grigoriev, Anne Thompson, Laura Tosi, Piotr Urbanski, Pieta van Beek, Lenka Vytlacilova, Mara Wade, Roger Walker, Michael Wyatt, Louise Yeoman, and Carla Zecher—and there are doubtless others I have forgotten to include,towhomIoffermyapologies. I owe a particular debt to my research assistants: Janet Fairweather in Cam- bridge, who also greatly improved the translations, Paul Gwynn in Rome, Carol MorleyinLondon,andMariskaRoosinTheHague,andalsothepeoplewholived withmeatvariousstagesofthisproject,whoofferedhelpandencouragementboth academicandpersonal,AndrewBiswell,KateChegdzoy,Siobha`nKeenan,Dom- inicMontserrat,DavidMorley,WinifredStevenson—andaboveall,PeterDavid- son,thefirstpersontothinkthatthiswasaprojectworthtackling.MycatVenetia contributedaccordingtoherlightsbypostingadeadrodentintoabox-filefullof irreplaceable Xeroxes (filed under ‘A’; for ‘A mouse’?): all subsequent feline intervention has thankfully been confined to quality assurance, which is to say, thecreativerearrangementofpilesofpaper. Parts of the thinking for this book were tried on a variety of audiences in the formofpapers,andIwouldliketothanktheparticipantsfortheirresponses:the Newberry Library, Chicago, seminar on Catholic culture in early modern Eng- land,theCentreforEarlyModernStudies,UniversityofAberdeen,theeleventh congress of the International Association for Neo-Latin Studies, held in Cam- bridge, the Department of History, University of Edinburgh, the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, the seventeenth-century group at the UniversityofDurham,theWomen,TextandHistoryseminar,MansfieldCollege, Oxford, the Boston/Tu¨bingen International Association for the Study of the ClassicalTradition,Tu¨bingen,theNeo-LatinSeminar,UniversityofCambridge, the European Universities and Elites in the Renaissance conference at the Uni- versityofWarwick’sCentrefortheStudyoftheRenaissance,theFriendshipand Friendship NetworksintheMiddle Agesconference atKing’sCollege,London, andtheWarwickClassicsSeminar.
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