Women in world history VOL 1 Readings from Prehistory to 1500 PDF
Preview Women in world history VOL 1 Readings from Prehistory to 1500
WOMEN IN WORLD HISTORY Volume 1 Readings from Prehistory to 1500 Sources and studies in World History Kevin Reilly, SeriesE ditor THE ALCHEMY OF HAPPINESS Abu Hamid Muhammada l-Ghazzali translatedb y Claud Field, reviseda nd annotatedb y Elton L. Daniel LIFELINES FROM OUR PAST A New World History L. S. Stavrianos NATIVE AMERICANS BEFORE1 492 The MoundbuildingC enterso f the EasternW oodlands Lynda NoreneS haffer GERMS,S EEDS,A ND ANIMALS Studiesi n EcologicalH istory Alfred W. Crosby BALKAN WORLDS The First and Last Europe Traian Stoianovich AN ATLAS AND SURVEY OF SOUTHA SIAN HISTORY Karl J. Schmidt THE GOGO:H ISTORY, CUSTOMS,A ND TRADITIONS MathiasE . Mnyampala Translated,i ntroduced,a nd editedb y Gregory H. Maddox WOMEN IN WORLD HISTORY Volume1 -Readingsfr om Prehistoryt o 1500 Volume2 -Readingsfr om 1500 to the Present Sarah ShaverH ughesa nd Brady Hughes Sources and WOMEN studies in World History IN WORLD HISTORY Volume 1 Readings from Prehistory to 1500 Sarah Shaver Hughes Brady Hughes Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON ADN NEW YORK First published1 995 by M.E. Sharpe Published2 015 by Routledge 2 ParkS quare,M ilton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue,N ew York, NY 1001 7, USA Routledgeis an imprint oft he Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 1995 Taylor & Francis.A ll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprintedo r reproducedo r utilised in any form or by any electronic,m echanical,o r other means,n ow known or hereafteri nvented, including photocopyinga nd recording,o r in any information storageo r retrieval system,w ithout permissioni n writing from the publishers. Notices No responsibilityi s assumedb y the publisherf or any injury and/ord amaget o personso r property as a mattero f productsl iability, negligenceo r otherwise, or from any useo f operationo f any methods,p roducts,i nstructionso r ideas containedi n the materialh erein. Practitionersa nd researcherms ust alwaysr ely on their own experiencea nd knowledgei n evaluatinga nd using any information, methods,c ompounds,or experimentsd escribedh erein.I n using suchi nformationo r methodst hey should be mindful of their own safetya nd the safetyo f others,i ncluding partiesf or whom they have a professionarl esponsibility. Producto r corporaten amesm ay be trademarkso r registeredt rademarksa, nd are usedo nly for identification and explanationw ithout intent to infringe. Library of CongressC ataloging-in-PublicationD ata Hughes,S arahS . Women in world history I SarahS haverH ughcsa nd Brady Hughes. v. cm. - (Sourcesa nd studiesi n world history) Includesb ibliographicalr eferences. Contents:v . I. Readingsf rom prehistoryt o 1500. ISBN 1-56324-310-5. - ISBN 1-56324-311-3( pbk.) I. Women-History. I. Hughes,B rady, 1933- II. Title. III. Series. HQI121.H93 1995 305.4'09-dc2 0 94-23644 CIP ISBN 13: 9781563243110(P bk) ISBN 13: 9781563243103(h bk) CONTENTS Foreword by Kevin Reilly xi Preface xv Introduction:G enderiogW orld History, Globalizing Women'sH istory 1 Prehistory 2 The Value of Genderi n Historical Analysis 3 Differencesa mongW omen 5 Searchingf or Victors as Well as Victims 6 SuggestedF urtherR eadings 6 1. PrehistoricW omen:S hapingE volution, Sustenance, andE conomy 9 1.1 Womeni n the "Gatherer-Hunter"P hase 11 AdrienneL . Zihlman, "Womeni n Evolution" 1.2 Who InventedF arming? 16 MargaretE hrenberg,W omeni n Prehistory 1.3 Women'sC arding,S pinning,a ndW eaving 20 E.J.W. Barber,P rehistoric Textiles 1.4 Cooking: Women'sW ork in the Division of Labor 22 JaneI . Guyer, "The Raw, the Cooked,a nd the Half-Baked" SuggestedF urtherR eadings 25 2. The Womeno f Ancient Egypt 27 2.1 Hatshepsut'sR eign, 1473-1458B .C.E. 28 InscriptionfromH atshepsut'sT emple 2.2 A Brother-SisterM arriage 31 The Story ofN aneferkaptaha ndA hwere 2.3 Women'sW ork 33 BarbaraS . Lesko, The RemarkableW omen ofA ncientE gypt 2.4 Cleopatra,6 9-30B .C.E. 35 HansV olkmann, Cleopatra: A Studyi n Politics and Propaganda SuggestedF urtherR eadings 45 3. India: Women in Early Hindu and Buddhist Cultures 47 3.1 The Laws of Manu 49 The Laws ofM anu 3.2 The Carpenter'sW ife 51 A Folk Tale 3.3 Sita, the Ideal Hindu Wife 52 The Ramayana 3.4 Psalmso f the BuddhistN uns 56 Therigatha SuggestedF urtherR eadings 61 4. Israel: Jewish Women in the Torah and the Diaspora 63 4.1 Eve'sP urposea nd Her Sin in Genesis 65 Genesis2 :7-9,16-8,21-5 Genesis3 :1-7, 9-13 Genesis3 : 16-7 4.2 Marriagea nd Childbirth amongE ve'sD escendants 67 Genesis2 9: 13-32 Genesis3 0: 1-6 Genesis3 8:6-26 4.3 The Rites of JewishW omen 71 Leviticus 15:16-30 4.4 Marriagei n the Diaspora:M edieval Egypt 73 S.D. Goitein, A MediterraneanS ociety SuggestedF urtherR eadings 78 5. Greece: Patriarchal Dominance in ClassicalA thens 79 5.1 The Reign of Phallocracy 81 Eva C. Keuls, The Reigno ft he Phallus 5.2 The PerfectW ife at Home 82 Xenophon,O economicus 5.3 AthenianS lavery 88 Eva C. Keuls, The Reigno ft he Phallus 5.4 Neaera,a Courtesan 90 Court Recordso ft he Trial ofNeaera SuggestedF urtherR eadings 96 6. China: Imperial Womeno f the Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E.-220C .E.) 97 6.1 The Regencyo f EmpressL u 98 PanK u, The History oft he Former Han Dynasty Correspondenceo fE mpressL u andM ao-tun 6.2 ChineseW omena s Pawns 105 From Tsai Yen, "EighteenV ersesS ungt o a TatarR eedW histle" 6.3 Princessesa s PowerB rokers 108 JenniferH olmgren," Imperial Marriagei n the Native Chinesea nd Non-HanS tate,H an to Ming" SuggestedF urtherR eadings 111 7. Womeni n the Late RomanR epublic: Independence, Divorce,·andS erialM arriages 113 7.1 Lettersf rom Cicero to His Wife, Terentia 114 Cicero: The Letterst o His Friends 7.2 The Proscriptiono f 43 B.C.E. 118 Appian'sR omanH istory 7.3 Hortensia'sS peech 120 Appian'sR omanH istory 7.4 The RomanF amily 122 SusanT reggiari, "Divorce RomanS tyle" K.R. Bradley, "Remarriagea nd the Structure of the Upper-ClassR omanF amily" SuggestedF urtherR eadings 127 8. WesternE urope:C hristianW omeno n Manors,i n Convents,a nd in Towns 129 8.1 Christianity'sD ual Vision of Women 130 The Passiono fS aint Perpetua Galatians3 :26-8 Colossians3 : 18-22 1 Corinthians4 :33-5 1 Timothy 2:8-15 8.2 Conversiono f the Franks 133 SaintR adegund", The ThuringianW ar" 8.3 Nuns as PopularA uthors: Hildegardo f Bingen 137 PatriciaH . Labalme( ed.), BeyondT heir Sex 8.4 A Nun's Poetry 141 Hildegardo f Bingen, "Eve" and "The Virgin Mary" 8.5 Christined e Pisan,P rofessionaWl riter 142 PatriciaH . Labalme( ed.), BeyondT heir Sex Christined e Pisan," Objectionst o The Romance oft he Rose" Christined e Pisan,H ow Ladies Who Live on Their LandsS houldC onductT hemselves 8.6 ParisianW omen'sO ccupationsin 1292 and 1313 C.E. 146 David Herlihy, Opera Muliebria: Womena nd Work in MedievalE urope SuggestedF urtherR eadings 148 9. The Middle East: Islam, the Family, and the Seclusiono f Women 151 9.1 The Quran 152 The Holy Quran,2 4:32 Nikki R. Keddie, "The Pasta nd Presento f Womeni n the Muslim World" 9.2 Aisha, Muhammad'sB elovedW ife 156 NabiaA bbott, Aishaht he Belovedo fM ohammed 9.3 Muslim Womeni n Medieval Cairo 162 Huda Lutfi, "Mannersa nd Customso f Fourteeth-CenturCy aireneW omen" SuggestedF urtherR eadings 171 10. China and Japan: The Patriarchal Ideal 173 10.1 ConfucianM others 176 Liu Hsiang, The Biographieso fE minent ChineseW omen 10.2 Footbindingi n China 180 SharonL . Sievers," Women in China, Japan, and Korea" 10.3 Women in the JapaneseE mperor'sC ourt 182 Sei Shonagon,T he Pillow Book Ono no Komachi, "Did He Comet o Me" Izumi Shikibu, "This Nameo f Hers" SuggestedF urtherR eadings 187 11. Africa: Traders, Slaves,S orcerers,a nd Queen Mothers 189 11.1 FemaleS laverya nd Women'sW ork 190 AI-Bakri, The Booko fR outesa nd Realms Ibn Battuta,J ourney 11.2 Women'sF riendshipw ith Men 193 Ibn Battuta,J ourney 11.3 Sorcerersa nd Queens 195 D.T. Niane, Sundiata:A n Epic o/Old Mali 11.4 Queensa nd QueenM others 200 Ibn Battuta,J ourney 11.5 The Meaningo f Nudity 204 Ibn Battuta,J ourney SuggestedF urtherR eadings 205 12. SoutheastA sia: The Most Fortunate Women in the World 207 12.1 GenderA utonomy 208 Anthony Reid, SoutheasAt sia in the Age o/Commerce1, 450-1680 12.2 Marriage 212 Anthony Reid, SoutheasAt sia in the Age o/Commerce,1 450-1680 Ho Xuan Huong, "Sharinga Husband" 12.3 Merchants,D iplomats,a nd Queens 217 Zhou Daguan,T he Customs0 / Cambodia Anthony Reid, SoutheasAt sia in the Age o/Commerce,1 450-1680 FernaoM endesP into, The Travels 0/ Mendes Pinto 12.4 WidespreadL iteracy 224 Anthony Reid, SoutheasAt sia in the Age o/Commerce1, 450-1680 SuggestedF urtherR eadings 226 13. The Americas: Aztec, Inca, and Iroquois Women 227 13.1 Aztec Greetingst o NewbornB abies 228 Bernadinod e SahagunT, he Florentine Codex 13.2 Aztec Women'sC areersa nd Character 230 Bernadinod e Sahagun,T he Florentine Codex 13.3 The Aztec Ceremonyo f the Sweepingo f the Roads, September1 -20 235 Inga Clendinnen,A ztecs:A n 1nterpretation 13.4 The Politics ofIroquois Cooperation 238 Nancy Bonvillain, "Iroquois Women" 13.5 Food and Power 241 Judith K. Brown, "Iroquois Women"
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