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Women in Modern Burma PDF

198 Pages·2013·15.227 MB·English
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A landmark, gendered history from below that takes on and refutes the easy clichés about the women in Burma. An eye-opening, rich, nearly comprehensive, documented, and critical account of women in literature, war, politics, sex work, education and health. Tharaphi Than’s achievement here will be the point of departure for all subsequent studies of women in Burma. James C. Scott (aka Shwe Yoe), Sterling Professor of Political Science and Anthropology, Yale University, USA This page intentionally left blank Women in Modern Burma This book challenges the popular notion that Burmese women are powerful and are granted equal rights to men by society. Throughout history Burmese women have been represented as powerful and as having equal status to men by western travellers and scholars alike. The national history about women also follows this conjecture. This book explains why actually very few powerful Burmese women exist, and how these few women help construct the notion of the high status of Burmese women, thereby inevitably silencing the majority of ‘unequal’ and disempowered women. One of the underlying questions throughout this book is why a few powerful women feel compelled to defend the notion that women hold privileged positions in Burmese society. Combining historical archives with statistical data published by UN agencies, this book highlights the reality of women’s status in modern Burma. Case studies include why the first Burmese women’s army was disbanded a few months after its establishment; how women writers assessed the conditions of Burmese women and represented their con- temporaries in their works; the current state of prostitution; how modern-day sex workers are trying to find their voice; and how women fared vis-à-vis men in education. Tharaphi Than is Assistant Professor in the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Northern Illinois University. Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia 1 The Police in Occupation Japan 9 Japanese Industrialisation Control, corruption and resistance Historical and cultural to reform perspectives Christopher Aldous Ian Inkster 2 Chinese Workers 10 War and Nationalism in China A new history 1925–1945 Jackie Sheehan Hans J. van de Ven 3 The Aftermath of Partition 11 Hong Kong in Transition in South Asia One country, two systems Tai Yong Tan and Edited by Robert Ash, Gyanesh Kudaisya Peter Ferdinand, Brian Hook and Robin Porter 4 The Australia–Japan Political Alignment 12 Japan’s Postwar Economic 1952 to the present Recovery and Anglo-Japanese Alan Rix Relations, 1948–1962 5 Japan and Singapore in the Noriko Yokoi World Economy 13 Japanese Army Stragglers and Japan’s economic advance into Memories of the War in Japan, Singapore, 1870–1965 1950–1975 Shimizu Hiroshi and Beatrice Trefalt Hirakawa Hitoshi 14 Ending the Vietnam War 6 The Triads as Business The Vietnamese communists’ Yiu Kong Chu perspective 7 Contemporary Taiwanese Ang Cheng Guan Cultural Nationalism 15 The Development of the A-chin Hsiau Japanese Nursing Profession 8 Religion and Nationalism in India Adopting and adapting Western The case of the Punjab influences Harnik Deol Aya Takahashi 16 Women’s Suffrage in Asia 27 Women, Work and the Japanese Gender nationalism and democracy Economic Miracle Louise Edwards and Mina Roces The case of the cotton textile industry, 1945–1975 17 The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, Helen Macnaughtan 1902–1922 Phillips Payson O’Brien 28 A Colonial Economy in Crisis 18 The United States and Burma’s rice cultivators Cambodia, 1870–1969 and the world depression From curiosity to confrontation of the 1930s Kenton Clymer Ian Brown 19 Capitalist Restructuring and the Pacific Rim 29 A Vietnamese Royal Exile in Japan Ravi Arvind Palat Prince Cuong De (1882–1951) 20 The United States and Tran My-Van Cambodia, 1969–2000 A troubled relationship 30 Corruption and Good Kenton Clymer Governance in Asia Nicholas Tarling 21 British Business in Post-Colonial Malaysia, 1957–70 31 US–China Cold War ‘Neo-colonialism’ or Collaboration, 1971–1989 ‘disengagement’? S. Mahmud Ali Nicholas J. White 32 Rural Economic Development 22 The Rise and Decline of in Japan Thai Absolutism From the nineteenth century to Kullada Kesboonchoo Mead the Pacific War Penelope Francks 23 Russian Views of Japan, 1792–1913 33 Colonial Armies in An anthology of travel writing Southeast Asia David N. Wells Edited by Karl Hack and 24 The Internment of Western Tobias Rettig Civilians under the Japanese, 34 Intra Asian Trade and the 1941–1945 World Market A patchwork of internment A. J. H. Latham and Bernice Archer Heita Kawakatsu 25 The British Empire and Tibet 35 Japanese–German Relations, 1900–1922 1895–1945 Wendy Palace War, diplomacy and public 26 Nationalism in Southeast Asia opinion If the people are with us Edited by Christian W. Spang Nicholas Tarling and Rolf-Harald Wippich 36 Britain’s Imperial Cornerstone 46 Rethinking Gandhi and in China Nonviolent Relationality The Chinese maritime customs Global perspectives service, 1854–1949 Edited by Debjani Ganguly and Donna Brunero John Docker 37 Colonial Cambodia’s 47 The Quest for Gentility ‘Bad Frenchmen’ in China The rise of French rule and Negotiations beyond gender the life of Thomas Caraman, and class 1840–1887 Edited by Daria Berg and Gregor Muller Chloë Starr 38 Japanese–American 48 Forgotten Captives in Japanese Civilian Prisoner Exchanges Occupied Asia and Detention Camps, Edited by Kevin Blackburn 1941–45 and Karl Hack Bruce Elleman 49 Japanese Diplomacy in the 39 Regionalism in Southeast Asia 1950s Nicholas Tarling From isolation to integration Edited by Iokibe Makoto, 40 Changing Visions of East Caroline Rose, Tomaru Junko Asia, 1943–93 and John Weste Transformations and continuities 50 The Limits of British R. B. Smith, edited by Colonial Control in Chad J. Mitcham South Asia Spaces of disorder in the 41 Christian Heretics in Late Indian Ocean region Imperial China Edited by Ashwini Tambe and Christian inculturation and state Harald Fischer-Tiné control, 1720–1850 51 On The Borders of State Lars P. Laamann Power 42 Beijing – A Concise History Frontiers in the greater Mekong Stephen G. Haw sub-region Edited by Martin Gainsborough 43 The Impact of the Russo- Japanese War 52 Pre-Communist Indochina Edited by Rotem Kowner R. B. Smith, edited by Beryl Williams 44 Business–Government Relations in Prewar Japan 53 Communist Indochina Peter von Staden R. B. Smith, edited by Beryl Williams 45 India’s Princely States People, princes and colonialism 54 Port Cities in Asia and Europe Edited by Waltraud Ernst and Edited by Arndt Graf and Biswamoy Pati Chua Beng Huat 55 Moscow and the Emergence of 64 Atrocity and American Military Communist Power in China, Justice in Southeast Asia 1925–30 Trial by army The Nanchang Rising and the Louise Barnett birth of the Red Army 65 The Japanese Occupation of Bruce A. Elleman Borneo, 1941–1945 56 Colonialism, Violence and Ooi Keat Gin Muslims in Southeast Asia 66 National Pasts in Europe and The Maria Hertogh controversy East Asia and its aftermath P. W. Preston Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied 57 Japanese and Hong Kong 67 Modern China’s Ethnic Film Industries Frontiers Understanding the origins A journey to the West Hsiao-ting Lin of East Asian film networks Kinnia Shuk-ting 68 New Perspectives on the 58 Provincial Life and the Military History and Historiography in Imperial Japan of Southeast Asia The phantom samurai Continuing explorations Stewart Lone Michael Aung-Thwin and Kenneth R. Hall 59 Southeast Asia and the Vietnam War 69 Food Culture in Colonial Asia Ang Cheng Guan A taste of empire Cecilia Leong-Salobir 60 Southeast Asia and the Great Powers 70 China’s Political Economy in Nicholas Tarling Modern Times Changes and economic 61 The Cold War and National consequences, 1800–2000 Assertion in Southeast Asia Kent Deng Britain, the United States and Burma, 1948–1962 71 Science, Public Health and the Matthew Foley State in Modern Asia Edited by Liping Bu, Darwin 62 The International History of Stapleton and Ka-che Yip East Asia, 1900–1968 Trade, ideology and the quest 72 Russo-Japanese Relations, for order 1905–1917 Edited by Antony Best From enemies to allies Peter Berton 63 Journalism and Politics in Indonesia 73 Reforming Public Health in A critical biography of Mochtar Occupied Japan, 1945–52 Lubis (1922–2004) as editor Alien prescriptions? and author Christopher Aldous and David T. Hill Akihito Suzuki 74 Trans-Colonial Modernities in 81 Martial Arts and the Body South Asia Politic in Meiji Japan Edited by Michael S. Dodson and Denis Gainty Brian A. Hatcher 82 Gambling, the State and 75 The Evolution of the Japanese Society in Thailand, Developmental State c.1800–1945 Institutions locked in by ideas James A. Warren Hironori Sasada 83 Post-War Borneo, 1945–1950 76 Status and Security in Southeast Nationalism, empire and Asian States state-building Nicholas Tarling Ooi Keat Gin 77 Lee Kuan Yew’s Strategic 84 China and the First Vietnam Thought War, 1947–54 Ang Cheng Guan Laura M. Calkins 85 The Jesuit Missions to China 78 Government, Imperialism and and Peru, 1570–1610 Nationalism in China Ana Carolina Hosne The Maritime Customs Service and its Chinese staff 86 Macau – Cultural Interaction Chihyun Chang and Literary Representation Edited by Katrine K. Wong and 79 China and Japan in the Russian George Wei Imagination, 1685–1922 To the ends of the Orient 87 Macau – The Formation of a Susanna Soojung Lim Global City Edited by George Wei 80 Chinese Complaint Systems Natural resistance 88 Women in Modern Burma Qiang Fang Tharaphi Than Women in Modern Burma Tharaphi Than

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