Women, Democracy, and Globalization in North America: A Comparative Study

218 Pages·2006·1.227 MB·English

by  Jane Bayes, Patricia Begné, Laura Gonzalez, Lois Harder, Mary Hawkesworth, Laura Macdonald (auth.)

Women, Democracy, and
Globalization in North America
A Comparative Study
Jane Bayes
Patricia Begné
Laura Gonzalez
Lois Harder
Mary Hawkesworth
Laura Macdonald
PERSPECTIVES IN COMPARATIVE POLITICS
Published by Palgrave Macmillan
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and Laura Macdonald
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By Martin Schain
Politics,Policy,and Health Care:A Comparative Study
By Paul Godt
In memory of
Rita Mae Kelly
WOMEN,DEMOCRACY,ANDGLOBALIZATIONINNORTHAMERICA
© Jane Bayes,Patricia Begné,Laura Gonzalez,Lois Harder,
Mary Hawkesworth,Laura Macdonald,2006.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-7088-6
All rights reserved.No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any
manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.
First published in 2006 by
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Union and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-4039-7089-3 ISBN 978-1-4039-7715-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781403977151
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Women,democracy,and globalization in North America :
A Comparative Study / Jane Bayes...[et al.].
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1.Women and democracy—North America.2.Women in politics—
North America.3.Women’s rights—North America.4.Women in
development—North America.5.Globalization—Social aspects.
I.Bayes,Jane H.,1939–
HQ1236.5.N7W66 2006
320(cid:2).082(cid:2)097—dc22 2005048700
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd.,Chennai,India.
First edition:January 2006
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
C O N T E N T S
List of Tables and Figures vii
Acknowledgments ix
Series Editor Foreword xi
Part 1 Introduction
1 Introduction 3
Jane Bayes and Mary Hawkesworth
Part 2 Women and the Struggle for Democracy
2 Women and the Struggle for Democracy
in Mexico 29
Patricia Begné
3 Women and Politics in Canada 51
Lois Harder
4 Women’s Struggle for Political Equality in
the United States 77
Mary Hawkesworth
Part 3 Gender and Globalization
5 Women and Globalization in Mexico 107
Laura Gonzalez
6 Globalization and Gender in Canada 131
Laura Macdonald
7 The Gendered Impact of Globalization
on the United States 145
Jane Bayes
vi Contents
8 Future Prospects for Women,Globalization,and
Democratization in North America 173
Mary Hawkesworth,Lois Harder,and Jane Bayes
References 189
Notes on Authors 199
Index 201
L I S T O F T A B L E S A N D
F I G U R E S
Tables
2.1 Mexico at a glance 30
2.2 Comparison of women in parliaments,Mexico,
Canada,and the United States 45
3.1 Canada at a glance 52
3.2 Chronology of women’s suffrage in Canada 63
4.1 The United States at a glance 78
7.1 Comparison of women and men aged 15–34:
1975 and 2000 156
7.2 Median weekly earning of full-time workers by
sex,race,and Hispanic origin,selected years 1979–2001 167
Figures
7.1 Labor-force participation rates for men and women
and percentage women in the labor force 1959–2003 153
7.2 Women’s labor-force participation by age:1950,
1970,1998 153
7.3 Median earnings of full-time,year-round workers
15-years old and over by sex:1960–2001 154
7.4 Households by type 1970,1980,1990,2000 (percentage
distribution) 155
7.5 Median weekly earnings of full-time workers
by sex,race,and Hispanic origin,2001
annual averages 164
7.6 Percent change from 1979 to 2001 in median
weekly earnings by educational attainment and sex 165
7.7 Change in family income for 1947–1970 and
for 1970–2001 by income level 166
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A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S
A book by six authors from three nations is highly unusual in contemporary
academic publishing.In tracing the genesis of this transnational collabora-
tion,all trails lead to one scholar,Rita Mae Kelly,who at various stages in
her career befriended and mentored all of the authors of this book.A ver-
satile and inspiring feminist scholar and a talented administrator,Rita Mae
Kelly helped shape the field of women and politics research prior to her
untimely death in 2001.We dedicate this book to Rita,in loving memory
of all that she has been to us and to so many others.
With the assistance of distinguished Japanese political scientist Kinhide
Mushakoji,Rita Mae Kelly recruited an international team of anthropolo-
gists, economists, psychologists, political scientists, and sociologists to
launch a research initiative on Gender,Globalization,and Democratization
under the auspices of the International Social Science Council (ISSC), a
UNESCO funded nonprofit organization, whose mission is to develop
interdisciplinary and transnational research networks to address contempo-
rary policy issues of critical importance.The earliest discussions of this col-
laborative project occurred at the 1997 International Political Science
Association meetings in Korea.
Following these early discussions, Rita Mae Kelly, Jane Bayes, Patricia
Begné, and Janine Brodie developed a grant proposal, “Gender and
Governance: An Integrated North American Studies Curriculum,” to
support the exchange of students and scholars, to integrate curricula at
universities in the three countries,and to develop new courses and course
materials on gender and globalization and on women’s political participa-
tion in Mexico,Canada,and the United States.This book is the culmina-
tion of a five-year North American Mobility Program (NAMP) grant
on Gender, Globalization, and Democracy from the Fund for the
Improvement of Post Secondary Education in the United States in cooper-
ation with separate grants from the governments of Mexico and Canada.
The grants provided for research, curriculum development, and the
exchange of students between seven universities in North America includ-
ing the Universidad de Guanajuato, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios
Superiores de Occidente (ITESO) in Guadelajara, Carleton University in
Ottawa, University of Alberta in Edmonton, the University of Texas at
Dallas,California State University Northridge,and Rutgers University-New