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Women and Transitional Justice: The Experience of Women as Participants PDF

233 Pages·2013·3.893 MB·English
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Women and Transitional Justice This book discusses the evolving principle of transitional justice in public international law and international relations from the female perspective at a time when the concept is increasingly recognised by the international com- munity as an effective framework in which to negotiate and manage a com- munity’s post-conflict transition to peace and stability. The book adopts a gender lens with a particular focus on women’s direct experiences and per- ceptions either as intended beneficiaries of transitional justice (TJ), protag- onists in that process or as practitioners, in order to present a unique view in relation to the development of TJ. The range of experiences and knowledge in this collection provides a fresh and unique perspective through its blend of theory and practice. This book will be of particular interest to students and scholars of law, political science and gender studies. Lisa Yarwood specialises in transitional justice and state accountability. She is an independent consultant having worked in academic positions in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom and undertaken practical placements with the ICTR in Tanzania, Costa Rica and Panama. Women and Transitional Justice The experience of women as participants Edited by Lisa Yarwood First published 2013 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013 Selection and editorial matter, Lisa Yarwood; individual chapters, the contributors. The right of Lisa Yarwood to be identified as the editor of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 978-0-415-69911-2 (hbk) ISBN 978-0-203-07762-7 (ebk) Typeset in Garamond by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear For Alexi’s Papa, for Fabien. Contents Notes on contributors x Foreword xiii Acknowledgements xv Introduction 1 1 Women, transitional justice and indigenous conflict: the role of women in addressing New Zealand’s colonial past 8 LISA YARWOOD Introduction – New Zealand and non-traditional transitional justice 8 Part one – the New Zealand experience 10 Part two – Maori women 21 The role of women in the Treaty of Waitangi settlement negotiation and implementation 26 The effectiveness of the settlement process in addressing New Zealand’s colonial past 28 Conclusion – the contemporary conflict 31 2 Women, peace and security: mainstreaming gender in transitional justice processes 34 AMY BARROW Introduction 34 Mainstreaming gender in transitional justice mechanisms: the role of the Security Council 36 Civil society’s use of soft law mechanisms in transitional justice processes 48 Conclusion 51 3 International criminal justice and the girl child: different needs, equal opportunities 54 ANNELOTTE WALSH Introduction 54 viii Contents The international legal framework for the protection of girls 56 Girls and armed conflict 58 Girls and international criminal courts 61 The importance of justice for girls 69 Conclusion: towards a girl-friendly international criminal justice system 72 4 Lessons from the field: the inclusion of refugee women in transitional justice initiatives 75 SARAH MADDOX Introduction 75 The field practitioners 77 Causes of displacement 78 Demographic characteristics of refugee women and their experiences of conflict 81 Extent of and obstacles to participation of refugee women in transitional justice initiatives 85 Lessons to be learned 92 What refugee women and women field practitioners can offer to transitional justice initiatives 94 5 The adjudication of sex crimes under international criminal law: what does gender have to do with it? 97 CAROLINE FOURNET Introduction 97 Sex crimes, the law and judges 99 Sex crimes, gender equality and the international criminal court 110 Sex crimes, procedural law and evidence 113 Concluding remarks 117 6 Denial, impunity and transitional justice: the fate of female rape victims in Bosnia and Herzegovina 119 CLOTILDE PÉGORIER Transitional justice: gender and international crimes 119 War and rape in Bosnia and Herzegovina 121 Rape and sexual violence at the ad hoc international criminal tribunals 123 ‘Savoir . . . et faire semblant’: impunity, denial and prospects for justice 130 The role of international criminal law in facilitating transitional justice for women 134 Contents ix 7 A tool for reconciling gender and customary law 137 LAUREN FIELDER Transitional justice and the role of constitutional courts 137 African customary law and transitional justice 139 The courts’ role in balancing culture and equality in transitional justice situations 142 A rights based approach to women’s involvement in the judicial process of revising African customary law 151 CEDAW, right to define cultural practices 152 The protocol to the African Charter on human and peoples’ rights on the rights of women in Africa (African Women’s Protocol) 152 Conclusion 156 8 Reparations in Colombia: advancing the women’s rights agenda 157 CATALINA DÍAZ WITH IRIS MARIN Introduction 157 The armed conflict, the paramilitary demobilization process and the peace and justice arrangement: women as victims and as transformation agents 159 The reparations component of the transitional justice arrangement: women’s justice agenda on paper and in practice 165 Conclusion 181 9 The Peruvian case: gender and transitional justice 184 JULISSA MANTILLA FALCÓN Introduction 184 A gender approach to the international framework: recent advances 185 Transitional justice and gender approaches: still little advances 189 The Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (PTRC) 191 The impact of the PTRC on women’s human rights 194 Conclusions 196 Conclusion 198 Bibliography 204 Index 209

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