Women and Social Policy: A Reader

397 Pages·1997·35.415 MB·English

by  Clare Ungerson, Mary Kember (eds.)

NINSOCIETY
inist List edited by
Jo Campling
Editorial Advisory Group
Phillida Bunckle, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zeal
and; Miriam David, South Bank University; Leonore David
off, University ofE ssex; Janet Finch, University ofK eele; Jalna
Hanmer, University of Bradford; Beverley Kingston, Univer
sity of New South Wales, Australia; Hilary Land, University
of Bristol; Diana Leonard, University of London Institute of
Education; Susan Lonsdale, Department of Health; Jean
O'Barr, Duke University, North Carolina, USA; Arlene Tigar
McLaren, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada;
Hilary Rose, University of Bradford; Susan Sellers, University
of St Andrews; Pat Thane, University of Sussex; Clare Unger
son, University of Southampton.
The last two decades have seen an explosion of publishing by,
about and for women. This list is designed to make a par
ticular contribution to this continuing process by commis
sioning and publishing books which consolidate and advance
feminist research and debate in key areas in a form suitable
for students, academics and researchers but also accessible to
a broader general readership.
As far as possible, the books adopt an international perspect
ive, incorporating comparative material from a range of
countries where this is illuminating. Above all, they are inter
disciplinary, aiming to put women's studies and feminist
discussion firmly on the agenda in subject areas as disparate
as law, literature, art and social policy.
Please see overleaf for a full list of published titles
NINSOCIETY
ist List edited by
Jo Campling
Published
Christy Adair \\Umen IIIHI Duce: sylphs aacl sirel8
Sheila Allen and Carol Wolkowitz Homeworldna: mytbs aac1 realities
Ros Ballaster, Margaret Beetham, Elizabeth Frazer and Sandra Hebron \\bmen's
Worlds: ideology, femiDiDity aacl tile womaa'smaprJne
Jennifer Breen ID Her Owa Write: tweadetb-eeatur WOIIlell's fiction
Valerie Bryson Feminist Political Theory: u iDtroduc:tion
Ruth Carter and Gill K.irkup \\Vmea In Eqineerlng: a aood place to be?
Joan Chandler \\Umea without H......,._ u exploradoa of tile margins of marriage
Gillian Dalley Ideologies of Caring: retiWildDg eommuaity aacl coUectiYism (2nd edn)
Emily Driver and Audrey Droisen (editors) Cbild Sexual Abuse: feminist perspectiftl
Elizabeth Ettorre \\Umen aacl Sabstaace Use
Elizabeth Fallaize Frendt \\Umen's Writing: recent fiction
Lesley Ferris Acting Wlmell: images of WOIIlell In tbeatre
Diana Gittins The FIUIIily in Qa.tion: c:haDtllnl boaseholds aacl familiar ideologiel
(2nd edn)
Tuula Gordon Feminist Mothers
Tuula Gordon SiDgle \\Umen: on tile margins?
Frances Gray \\Umen IIIHI La.pter
Eileen Green, Diana Woodward and Sandra Hebron \lbmea's Leillare, What
Leisure?
Frances Heidensohn \\Umen aacl Crime (2nd edn)
Ursula King \\Umen IIIHI Spirituality: Yoices of protest aacl promise (2nd edn)
Susan Lonsdale \\Umen aacl DlsabiUty: tile experieoce of physical disability 111110111
women
Mavis Maclean SaniYing DlYon:e: women's resources after separadoa
Shelley Pennington and Belinda Westover A HidcleD Workforce: homeworker& in
Englaad, 1850-1985
Vicky Randall \\Umen aacl Po6tics: u iDtematioaal penpeetiYe (2nd edn)
Diane Richardson \\Omen, Motherhood aacl Chiklrearing
Susan Sellers Lanpaae aad Sexual Differeace: femiaist writing In Fruce
Patricia Spallone Beyoud Concepdoa: tile new polities of reproduction
Taking Liberties Collective LeamiDg tile Hard Way: women's oppressioa aacl men's
edaeation
Clare Ungerson and Mary Kember (editors) \\Umen aad Social Policy: a reader (2nd
edn)
Kitty Warnock Laacl before Honoar: Palestiniu women in tile Occupied Territories
Annie Woodhouse Fantastic w.-: sex, geader aad triiiiSYestism
Women and Social Policy
A Reader
Second Edition
Edited by
Clare Ungerson and Mary Kember
Selection and editorial matter © Clare Ungerson and Mary
Kember 1997
The Acknowledgements, page viii, constitutes a continuation of
this copyright page.
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of
this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or
transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham
Court Road, London WIP 9HE.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this
publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil
claims for damages.
First edition 1985
Reprinted 1990, 1991
Second edition 1997
Published by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
ISBN 978-0-333-60187-7 ISBN 978-1-349-25908-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-25908-3
A catalogue record for this book is available from the
British Library.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and
made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
Contents
Acknowledgements viii
Introduction to the Second Edition 1
Section I WOMEN, SOCIAL SECURITY AND
CITIZENSIDP
Introduction Clare Ungerson 7
Tracing the Contours of Women's
Citizenship Ruth Lister 13
Equality, Difference and State Welfare: Labour
Market and Family Policies in Sweden Jane Lewis
and Gertrude Astrom 25
Bibliography to Section I 41
Section II WOMEN AND THE LABOUR MARKET
Introduction Mary Kember 51
Women in the Labour Market: Policy in
Perspective Angela Dale 57
Part-time Employment and Labour Market
Policies Tim Walsh 72
Women and '1992': Integration or Segmentation?
Gill Whitting 85
Bibliography to Section II 103
Section m WOMEN AND CIDLD CARE
Introduction Mary Kember Ill
Government Policy Julia Brannen and Peter Moss 116
v
vi Contents
Locational Issues in Child Care Provision
Sophie Bowlby 119
Social Support for Families Anna Coote, Harriet
Harman, Patricia Hewitt 124
Families in Dreamland Patricia Morgan 131
Bibliography to Section III 137
Section IV LONE MOTHERS
Introduction Mary Kember 141
State, Family and Personal Responsibility: The
Changing Balance for Lone Mothers in the UK
Jane Millar 146
The Relative Prosperity of French One-parent
Families John Baker 163
Bibliography to Section IV 174
Section V WOMEN AND HOUSING AND PLANNING
POLICY
Introduction Clare Ungerson 131
Finding a Home Hilary Graham 137
Gender, House and 'Home': Social Meanings and
Domestic Architecture in Britain Ruth Madigan
and Moira Munro 203
Safer Cities for Women Sylvia Trench, Taner Oc
and Steven Tiesde/1 215
Bibliography to Section V 224
Section VI WOMEN AND EDUCATION
Introduction Mary Kember 233
'Just Three Quiet Girls' Michelle Stanworth 273
A Gender Agenda Miriam David 247
The New School Governing Bodies - Are Gender
and Race on the Agenda? Rosemary Deem 254
Can the Barriers be Breached? Mature Women's
Access to Higher Education Liz Sperling 266
Access and Assets: The Experience of Mature Mother
Students in Higher Education Rosalind Edwards 272
Bibliography to Section VI 277
Contents vu
Section VII WOMEN AND HEALm CARE
Introduction Clare Ungerson 281
Maternity Services House of Commons Select
Committee on Health 286
Women and Private Medicine Rose Wiles 290
The New Reproductive Technology: Problem or
Solution? Jennifer Strickler 308
Bibliography to Section VII 313
Section Vlll WOMEN AND mE PERSONAL SOCIAL
SERVICES
Introduction Clare Ungerson 319
Who Cares? Women in the Mixed
Economy of Care Mary Langan 323
Women Caring for People: The Mismatch between
Rhetoric and Women's Reality? Hilary Brown
and Helen Smith 329
Bibliography to Section VIII 337
Section IX WOMEN AND INFORMAL CARE
Introduction Clare Ungerson 343
Informal Care-givers for Elderly People Sara Arber
and Jay Ginn 347
Feminist Research and Informal Care Jenny Morris 359
Payment for Caring - Mapping a Territory
Clare Ungerson 369
Bibliography to Section IX 380
Index 385
Acknowledgements
The authors and publishers wish to thank the following for permis
sion to use copyright material:
Avebury Press for Clare Ungerson, 'Payment for Caring - Map
ping a Territory' in The Costs of Welfare by R. Page and N. Deakin
(eds) (1993), pp. 149-64.
Blackwell Publishers for material from Jennifer Strickler, 'The New
Reproductive Technology: Problem or Solution?' in Sociology of
Health and Illness, 14(1) (1992), pp. 111-28; and Rose Wiles,
'Women and Private Medicine' in Sociology of Health and Illness,
15(1) (1993), pp. 68-85.
Hilary Brown and Helen Smith for material from, 'Women Caring
for People: The Mismatch Between Rhetoric and Women's Reality'
in Policy and Politics, 21(3) (1993), pp. 185-93.
Carfax Publishing Company, Abingdon, for material from Miriam
David, 'A Gender Agenda: Women and Family in the New ERA?'
in British Journal of Sociology of Education, 12(4) (1991), pp. 433-
46; Rosemary Deem, 'The New School Governing Bodies - Are
Gender and Race on the Agenda?' in Gender and Education 1(3)
(1989), pp. 250-8; and Lis Sperling, 'Can the Barriers be Breached?
Mature Women's Access to Higher Education' in Gender and Edu
cation, 3(2) (1991), pp. 199-212.
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities for
data included in Eurostat publications.
Feminist Studies Inc., c/o Women's Studies Program, University of
Maryland, for material from Jane Lewis and Gertrude Astrom,
'Equality, Difference and State Welfare: Labour Market and Family
Policies in Sweden' in Feminist Studies, 18(1) (1992), pp. 59-85.
viii
Acknowledgements ix
The Geographical Association for material from Sophie Bowlby,
'Women, Work, and the Family: Control and Constraints' in Geo
graphy, 75(1) (1990), pp. 17-26.
Harvester Wheatsheaf for material from Hilary Graham, Hardship
and Health in Women's Lives (1993), pp. 55-71; and John Baker,
Lone Parenthood: Coping with Constraints and Making Opportu
nities (1992), pp. 110-25.
Institute for Public Policy Research for material from Anna Coote,
Harriet Harman and Patricia Hewitt, The Family Way (1990), pp.
39-42.
The Controller of HMSO and the Office for National Statistics for
Crown copyright material.
Jessica Kingsley Publishers for material from Rosalind Edwards,
'Access and Assets: The Experience of Mature Mother-students in
Higher Education' in Journal of Access Studies, 5(2) (1990), pp.
191-4.
Roderick J. Lawrence for figures from Housing, Dwellings and
Homes: Design Theory Research and Practice (1987) John Wiley.
Copyright© Roderick J. Lawrence.
Ruth Lister for material from 'Tracing the Contours of Women's
Citizenship' in Policy and Politics, 21(1) (1993), pp. 3-16.
Liverpool University Press for material from Sylvia Trench, Taner
Oc and Steven Tiesdell, 'Safer Cities for Women: Perceived Risks
and Planning Measures' in Town Planning Review, 63(3) (1992), pp.
279-96.
Locke Science Publishing Company Inc. for material from Ruth
Madigan and Moira Munro, 'Gender, House and Home: Social
Meanings and Domestic Architecture in Britain' in The Journal of
Architecture and Planning Research, 8(2) (1991), pp. 116-32.
Longman Group for material from Gill Whitting, 'Women and
1992: Opportunity or Disaster?' in Social Policy Review 1989-90,
pp. 214-27; and Angela Dale, 'Women in the Labour Market:
Policy in Perspective' in Social Policy Review 1990-91, pp. 207-20.
Macmillan Press Ltd for material from Jenny Morris, Independent
Lives: Community Care and Disabled People (1993), pp. 40--9.