Wolfenden’s Witnesses: Homosexuality in Postwar Britain PDF
Preview Wolfenden’s Witnesses: Homosexuality in Postwar Britain
Wolfenden’s Witnesses Homosexuality in Postwar Britain Brian Lewis GendersandSexualitiesinHistory SeriesEditors:JohnH.Arnold,JoannaBourkeandSeanBrady PalgraveMacmillan’sGendersandSexualitiesinHistoryseriesaimstoaccommodateandfos- ternewapproachestohistoricalresearchinthefieldsofgendersandsexualities.Theseries willpromoteworld-classscholarshipthatconcentratesupontheinterconnectedthemesof genders,sexualities,religions/religiosity,civilsociety,classformations,politicsandwar. Historical studies of gender and sexuality have often been treated as disconnected fields, whileinrecentyearshistoricalanalysesinthesetwoareashavesynthesized,creatingnew departuresinhistoriography.Bylinkinggendersandsexualitieswithquestionsofreligion, civilsociety,politicsandthecontextsofwarandconflict,thisserieswillreflectrecentdevel- opmentsinscholarship,movingawayfromthepreviouslydominantandnarrowhistories ofscience,scientificthoughtandlegalprocesses.Theresultbringstogetherscholarshipfrom contemporary,modern,earlymodern,medieval,classicalandnon-Westernhistorytopro- videadiachronicforum forscholarshipthatincorporatesnewapproachestogendersand sexualitiesinhistory. Wolfenden’sWitnesses:HomosexualityinPostwarBritainisalandmarkcriticalsourceedition. TheWolfendenReportof1957haslongbeenrecognizedasawatershedingaylawreform, intheUnitedKingdomandthroughouttheanglophoneworld.BrianLewis’superblyedited sourceeditionisaninvaluablecontributiontoscholarship.Thetestimonialsandevidence giventotheWolfendenCommitteeandpublishedhereinthisvolumerepresentafascinat- ingandbroadinsightintohowmalehomosexualitywasunderstoodinBritaininthe1950s. Thetestimonialsgiveaccountnotonlyofofficialattitudestowardsmalehomosexuality–by thejudiciary,police,politicians,andarangeofotherprofessionalsand‘experts’–butalso oftheself-fashioningofthemostlyanonymoushomosexualmenwhogaveevidencetothe committee.IncommonwithallvolumesintheGendersandSexualitiesinHistoryseries, thesourceeditionWolfenden’sWitnesses:HomosexualityinPostwarBritainpresentsamulti- facetedandmeticulouslyresearchedscholarlystudy,andisasophisticatedcontributionto ourunderstandingofthepast. Titlesinclude JohnH.ArnoldandSeanBrady(editors) WHATISMASCULINITY? HistoricalDynamicsfromAntiquitytotheContemporaryWorld ValeriaBabini,ChiaraBeccalossiandLucyRiall(editors) ITALIANSEXUALITIESUNCOVERED,1789–1914 VictoriaBates SEXUALFORENSICSINVICTORIANANDEDWARDIANENGLAND Age,CrimeandConsentintheCourts HeikeBauerandMatthewCook(editors) QUEER1950s CordeliaBeattieandKirstenA.Fenton(editors) INTERSECTIONSOFGENDER,RELIGIONANDETHNICITYINTHEMIDDLEAGES ChiaraBeccalossi FEMALESEXUALINVERSION Same-SexDesiresinItalianandBritishSexology,c.1870–1920 RobertoBizzocchi ALADY’SMAN TheCicisbei,PrivateMoralsandNationalIdentityinItaly RaphaëlleBrancheandFabriceVirgili(editors) RAPEINWARTIME SusanBroomhall AUTHORITY,GENDERANDEMOTIONSINLATEMEDIEVALANDEARLYMODERN ENGLAND MattCook QUEERDOMESTICITIES HomosexualityandHomeLifeinTwentieth-CenturyLondon PeterCryleandAlisonMoore FRIGIDITY AnIntellectualHistory LucyDelap,SueMorgan MEN,MASCULINITIESANDRELIGIOUSCHANGEINTWENTIETHCENTURYBRITAIN NancyErber,WilliamA.Peniston,PhilipHealyandFrederickS.Roden(editors) MARC-ANDRÉRAFFALOVICH’SURANISMANDUNISEXUALITY AStudyofDifferentManifestationsoftheSexualInstinct JenniferV.Evans LIFEAMONGTHERUINS CityscapeandSexualityinColdWarBerlin KateFisherandSarahToulalan(editors) BODIES,SEXANDDESIREFROMTHERENAISSANCETOTHEPRESENT ChristopherE.ForthandElinorAccampo(editors) CONFRONTINGMODERNITYINFIN-DE-SIÈCLEFRANCE Bodies,MindsandGender RebeccaFraser GENDER,RACEANDFAMILYINNINETEENTHCENTURYAMERICA FromNorthernWomantoPlantationMistress AlanaHarrisandTimothyJones(editors) LOVEANDROMANCEINBRITAIN,1918–1970 DagmarHerzog(editor) BRUTALITYANDDESIRE WarandSexualityinEurope’sTwentiethCentury JosephineHoegaerts MASCULINITYANDNATIONHOOD,1830–1910 ConstructionsofIdentityandCitizenshipinBelgium RobertHogg MENANDMANLINESSONTHEFRONTIER: QUEENSLANDANDBRITISHCOLUMBIAINTHEMID-NINETEENTHCENTURY MakiKimura UNFOLDINGTHE‘COMFORTWOMEN’DEBATES Modernity,Violence,andWomen’sVoices JuliaLaite COMMONPROSTITUTESANDORDINARYCITIZENS CommercialSexinLondon,1885–1960 MarjorieLevine-Clark UNEMPLOYMENT,WELFARE,ANDMASCULINECITIZENSHIP ‘SoMuchHonestPoverty’inBritain,1870–1930 BrianLewis WOLFENDEN’SWITNESSES HomosexualityinPostwarBritain AndreaMansker SEX,HONORANDCITIZENSHIPINEARLYTHIRDREPUBLICFRANCE NancyMcLoughlin JEANGERSONANDGENDER RhetoricandPoliticsinFifteenth-CenturyFrance JeffreyMeek QUEERVOICESINPOST-WARSCOTLAND MaleHomosexuality,ReligionandSociety JessicaMeyer MENOFWAR MasculinityandtheFirstWorldWarinBritain MeredithNash MAKING‘POSTMODERN’MOTHERS PregnantEmbodiment,BabyBumpsandBodyImage LinseyRobb MENATWORK TheWorkingManinBritishCulture,1939–1945 YorickSmaal SEX,SOLDIERSANDTHESOUTHPACIFIC,1939–45 QueerIdentitiesinAustraliaintheSecondWorldWar HelenSmith MASCULINITY,CLASSANDSAME-SEXDESIREININDUSTRIALENGLAND,1895–1957 JenniferD.Thibodeaux(editor) NEGOTIATINGCLERICALIDENTITIES Priests,MonksandMasculinityintheMiddleAges KristinFjeldeTjelle MISSIONARYMASCULINITY,1870–1930 TheNorwegianMissionariesinSouth-EastAfrica HesterVaizey SURVIVINGHITLER’SWAR FamilyLifeinGermany,1939–48 ClaytonJ.Whisnant MALEHOMOSEXUALITYINWESTGERMANY BetweenPersecutionandFreedom,1945–69 TimReinke-Williams WOMEN,WORKANDSOCIABILITYINEARLYMODERNLONDON GillianWilliamson BRITISHMASCULINITYINTHEGENTLEMAN’SMAGAZINE,1731–1815 MidoriYamaguchi DAUGHTERSOFTHEANGLICANCLERGY Religion,GenderandIdentityinVictorianEngland GendersandSexualitiesinHistorySeries SeriesStandingOrder978–0–230–55185–5Hardback 978–0–230–55186–2Paperback (outsideNorthAmericaonly) Youcanreceivefuturetitlesinthisseriesastheyarepublishedbyplacingastandingorder. Pleasecontactyourbookselleror,incaseofdifficulty,writetousattheaddressbelowwith yournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesandtheISBNquotedabove. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS,England Wolfenden’s Witnesses Homosexuality in Postwar Britain Brian Lewis McGillUniversity,Montreal,Canada Palgrave macmillan WOLFENDEN’SWITNESSES:HOMOSEXUALITYINPOSTWARBRITAIN ©BrianLewis,2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978-1-137-32149-7 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission.Noportionofthis publicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmittedsavewithwritten permission.InaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheCopyright,Designs andPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicencepermittinglimited copyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency,SaffronHouse, 6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Firstpublished2016by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork inaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills, Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofNatureAmerica,Inc.,One NewYorkPlaza,Suite4500,NewYork,NY10004-1562. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. PaperbackISBN:978–1–137–32148–0 E-PDFISBN:978–1–137–32150–3 DOI:10.1057/9781137321503 AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. AcataloguerecordforthebookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. For Edgar This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgements x NoteonStyle xi Part I Introduction Introduction 3 Part II TheWitnesses 1 LawEnforcers 13 2 MedicalPractitionersandScientists 103 3 Homosexuals 202 4 Christians,MoralistsandReformers 233 Part III TheWolfendenReport Conclusion 261 Notes 277 Bibliography 302 Index 309 ix
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