Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Development: Phenomenology, Grammar, Method, and the Anthropological View PDF
Preview Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Development: Phenomenology, Grammar, Method, and the Anthropological View
History of Analytic Philosophy Series Editor: Michael Beaney, University of York, UK Titles include : Stewart Candlish THE RUSSELL/BRADLEY DISPUTE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR TWENTIETH-CENTURY PHILOSOPHY Siobhan Chapman SUSAN STEBBING AND THE LANGUAGE OF COMMONSENSE Annalisa Coliva MOORE AND WITTGENSTEIN Scepticism, Certainty and Common Sense George Duke DUMMETT ON ABSTRACT OBJECTS Mauro Luiz Engelmann WITTGENSTEIN’S PHILOSOPHICAL DEVELOPMENT Phenomenology, Grammar, Method, and the Anthropological View S éb astien Gandon RUSSELL’S UNKNOWN LOGICISM A Study in the History and Philosophy of Mathematics Anssi Korhonen LOGIC AS UNIVERSAL SCIENCE Russell’s Early Logicism and Its Philosophical Context Gregory Landini FREGE’S NOTATIONS What They Are and What They Mean Sandra Lapointe BOLZANO’S THEORETICAL PHILOSOPHY An Introduction Omar W. Nasim BERTRAND RUSSELL AND THE EDWARDIAN PHILOSOPHERS Constructing the World Ulrich Pardey FREGE ON ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE TRUTH Douglas Patterson Alfred Tarski PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE AND LOGIC Erich Reck (e ditor ) THE HISTORIC TURN IN ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY Graham Stevens THE THEORY OF DESCRIPTIONS Mark Textor (e ditor ) JUDGEMENT AND TRUTH IN EARLY ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY AND PHENOMENOLOGY Nuno Venturinha ( editor ) WITTGENSTEIN AFTER HIS N ACHLASS Pierre Wagner (e ditor ) CARNAP’S LOGICAL SYNTAX OF LANGUAGE Pierre Wagner ( editor) CARNAP’S IDEAL OF EXPLICATION AND NATURALISM Forthcoming: Andrew Arana and Carlos Alvarez (e ditors ) ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICS Rosalind Carey RUSSELL ON MEANING The Emergence of Scientific Philosophy from the 1920s to the 1940s Giuseppina D’Oro and Constantine Sandis (editors) REASONS AND CAUSES Causalism and Non-Causalism in the Philosophy of Action Sandra Lapointe ( translator) Franz Prihonsky THE NEW ANTI-KANT Consuelo Preti THE METAPHYSICAL BASIS OF ETHICS The Early Philosophical Development of G.E.Moore Maria van der Schaar G.F. STOUT: ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ORIGIN OF ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY History of Analytic Philosophy Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–55409–2 (hardcover) Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–55410–8 (paperback) (o utside North America only ) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and one of the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Development Phenomenology, Grammar, Method, and the Anthropological View Mauro Luiz E ngelmann Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil © Mauro Luiz Engelmann 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-0-230-28256-8 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978-1-349-32840-6 ISBN 978-1-137-31659-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137316592 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 For my mother and to the memory of my father Contents Preface x Series Editor’s Foreword x iii List of Abbreviations xvi Introduction 1 1 Phenomenology, ‘Grammar,’ and the ‘Limits of Sense’ 6 1.1 E lementary propositions and the nature of necessity 6 1.2 T he ultimate analysis and the phenomenological language 1 3 1.2.1 A complementary notation without hypotheses 1 4 1.2.2 Objectivity of the notation and the determination of sense 1 9 1.2.3 A complementary notation grounded in the structure of phenomena 2 3 1.2.4 V erification and sense 25 1.3 Phenomenological (primary) language: a draft and a method 28 1.4 Phenomenological language: the end of the project 3 5 1.5 T he comprehensive ‘grammar’ 4 3 1.5.1 Phenomenology, verification, and the comprehensive ‘grammar’ 4 3 1.5.2 Classification of words 51 1.5.3 ‘Grammar’ of phenomena and geometry 5 4 1.5.4 A rithmetic as ‘grammatical’ systems 56 1.5.5 Arbitrariness of ‘grammar’ and the “essence of the world” 60 2 Russell’s Causal Theory of Meaning, Rule-Following, the Calculus Conception, and the Invention of the Genetic Method 65 2.1 C ausal theories of meaning 65 2.1.1 R ussell’s causal theory of meaning 6 5 2.1.2 O gden and Richards on meaning 67 2.2 W ittgenstein’s critique of the causal theory of meaning 6 9 2.2.1 W ittgenstein’s arguments against the casual theory 73 vii viii Contents 2.2.2 T he Tractatus and the absent psychological intentional element 77 2.2.3 Intentionally, ‘attitudes,’ and what makes a thought true 8 2 2.2.4 T he intangibility of intention and its temptations 8 8 2.3 Language as a calculus: autonomy and the role of a system of rules 93 2.4 G enetic method: rules, analogies, and the physiognomy of errors 9 9 2.5 A note on the first project with Waismann 1 11 3 The Big Typescript , the Tractatus , Sraffa, and the Anthropological View 1 13 3.1 What is the B ig Typescript (BT)? 113 3.2 The Tractatus revisited and language as an autonomous calculus 115 3.2.1 Autonomy of ‘grammar’ 1 20 3.2.2 A calculus without an a priori structure 124 3.2.3 The Tractatus read afresh (a minimalist reading) 1 31 3.3 ‘Grammar’ and some tensions 139 3.4 S raffa’s fruitful criticism and the anthropological view 1 48 3.4.1 The calculus conception revisited 148 3.4.2 Primitive languages and ‘grammar’ 1 51 3.4.3 An anthropological view: purpose, point, and form of life 160 3.5 Concluding remarks: putting two and two together 1 67 4 The Road to the P hilosophical Investigations (B lue Book , Brown Book , German Brown Book , and MS 142) 1 71 4.1 ‘Grammar’ and genetic method revisited 171 4.2 T he Blue Book : ‘grammar,’ ‘calculus,’ use and analogies 172 4.2.1 ‘Grammar’ in the B lue Book 1 73 4.2.2 ‘ Calculus’ in the Blue Book 176 4.2.3 T he genetic method and grammatical mistakes 179 4.2.3.1 A ugustine and time: a false analogy 1 83 4.2.3.2 W ords, sentences, things and something between (and the Tractatus ) 184 4.3 The Brown Book : the anthropological view and the genetic method 190 4.3.1 F rom the B lue Book to the Brown Book 1 90 4.3.2 A n example: language-games, comparison, and recognition 1 92 Contents ix 4.3.3 ‘Grammar’ is synonymous with ‘use’ or ‘descriptions of use’ 201 4.3.4 The German Brown Book (B rBG ) 205 4.4 The first version of the P hilosophical Investigations 207 4.5 Wittgenstein’s second project with Waismann 2 13 5 The Philosophical Investigations 2 21 5.1 Preliminaries: genetic method, anthropological view, and surveyable representation 2 21 5.2 Preliminaries: the genetic method and the Tractatus 2 31 5.2.1 A step-by-step procedure 2 33 5.2.2 The assumptions of the T ractatus 234 5.3 The genetic method applied to the metaphysics of logic of the T ractatus 2 37 5.3.1 Simple names, primary elements, and analysis 2 37 5.3.2 Analysis, determination of sense, and the “crystalline purity of logic” 2 44 5.3.3 Logic and the general form of propositions 2 51 5.4 A n old remark about grammar in a new context 261 Notes 2 73 Bibliography 304 Index 313
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