Withrow & Mac: Ewen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology PDF
Preview Withrow & Mac: Ewen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology
Withrow & MacEwen’s S A MALL NIMAL C O LINICAL NCOLOGY This page intentionally left blank Withrow & MacEwen’s S A MALL NIMAL C O LINICAL NCOLOGY Fourth Edition Stephen J. Withrow, DVM, DACVS, DACVIM (Oncology) Director, Animal Cancer Center Stuart Chair in Oncology University Distinguished Professor Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado David M. Vail, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Professor of Oncology Director of Clinical Research School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 11830 Westline Industrial Drive St. Louis, Missouri 63146 WITHROW AND MACEWEN’S SMALL ANIMAL ISBN-13: 978-0-7216-0558-6 CLINICAL ONCOLOGY ISBN-10: 0-7216-0558-3 Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215 239 3805, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’. Notice Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i)on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out or related to any use of the material contained in this book. The Publisher Previous editions copyrighted 1989, 1996, 2001 ISBN-13: 978-0-7216-0558-6 ISBN-10: 0-7216-0558-3 Publishing Director: Linda Duncan Acquisitions Editor: Anthony Winkel Developmental Editor: Shelly Stringer Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy Project Manager: Rich Barber Designer: Kim Denando Printed in the United States Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 CONTRIBUTORS David J. Argyle, BVMS PhD, DECVIM-CA (Oncology), Craig A. Clifford, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) MRCVS Staff Oncologist RCVS and European Specialist in Veterinary Oncology Oncology Service William Dick Professor of Clinical Studies Red Bank Veterinary Hospital Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sudies Red Bank, New Jersey The University of Edinburgh Miscellaneous Tumors Hospital for Small Animals Easter Bush Veterinary Centre Louis-Philippe de Lorimier, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Roslin, Midlothian Visiting Clinical Assistant Professor (Medical Oncology) Tumor Biology and Metastasis Veterinary Clinical Medicine Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois Dennis B. Bailey, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Consultant in Medical Oncology Lecturer in Medical Oncology Centre Vétérinaire DMV Department of Clinical Sciences Montréal, Québec College of Veterinary Medicine Canada Cornell University Tumors of the Male Reproductive System Ithaca, New York Miscellaneous Tumors Tumors of the Endocrine System William S. Dernell, DVM, MS, DACVS Philip J. Bergman, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) Associate Professor, Surgical Oncology Head Clinical Sciences Donaldson-Atwood Cancer Clinic and Flaherty Comparative Colorado State University Oncology Laboratory Fort Collins, Colorado The Animal Medical Center Chief New York, New York Clinical Oncology Service Adjunct Associate Faculty Member James L. Voss Veterinary Medical Center Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Sloan-Kettering Colorado State University Institute Fort Collins, Colorado New York, New York Co-Director Paraneoplastic Syndromes Dr. Tom Arganese Comparative Musculoskeletal andOncology Laboratory Barbara J. Biller, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) Animal Cancer Center Postdoctoral Fellow Colorado State University Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Fort Collins, Colorado College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Tumors of the Skeletal System Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Steven Dow, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Immunotherapy of Cancer Associate Professor Department of Clinical Sciences Matthew Breen, PhD, C.Biol, M.I.Biol Colorado State University Associate Professor of Genomics Fort Collins, Colorado Molecular Biomedical Sciences Associate Professor College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University Immunology andPathology Raleigh, North Carolina Colorado State University The Etiology of Cancer Fort Collins, Colorado Immunotherapy of Cancer Ruthanne Chun, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Clinical Associate Professor Richard R. Dubielzig, DVM, DACVP Department of Medical Sciences Professor School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathobiological Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine Madison, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin Cancer Chemotherapy Madison, Wisconsin Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer Ocular Tumors v vi Contributors E.J. Ehrhart, DVM, PhD, DACVP Edward L. Gillette, DVM, PhD, DACVR-RO, DACVIM Associate Professor, Oncologic Pathology Emeritus Professor Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Fort Collins, Colorado Associate Professor Radiation Therapy Animal Care Center and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Carolyn J. Henry, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) Colorado State University Associate Professor of Oncology Fort Collins, Colorado Veterinary Medicine and Surgery The Pathology of Neoplasia College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri-Columbia Nicole P. Ehrhart, VMD, MS, DACVS Columbia, Missouri Associate Professor, Surgical Oncology Associate Professor, Internal Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Division of Hematology and Oncology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine Colorado State University University of Missouri-Columbia Fort Collins, Colorado Columbia, Missouri Animal Cancer Center The Etiology of Cancer Clinical Sciences Colorado State University Chand Khanna, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) Fort Collins, Colorado Head Biopsy Principles Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section Tumors of the Skeletal System Pediatric Oncology Branch and Comparative Oncology Program Timothy M. Fan, DVM, DACVIM (Internal Medicine and Center for Cancer Research Oncology) National Cancer Institute Assistant Professor (Medical Oncology) Rockville, Maryland Veterinary Clinical Medicine The Oncology Service, LLC at Friendship Hospital for Animals University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Washington, DC Urbana, Illinois Animal Clinical Investigation, LLC Tumors of the Male Reproductive System Bethesda, Maryland Miscellaneous Tumors Tumor Biology and Metastasis Molecular Diagnostics Lisa J. Forrest, VMD, DACVR (Radiology and Radiation Oncology) William C. Kisseberth, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) Clinical Associate Professor Assistant Professor Department of Surgical Sciences Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin The Ohio State University Madison, Wisconsin Columbus, Ohio Member Member University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Human Oncology The Ohio State University School of Medicine Columbus, Ohio University of Wisconsin Miscellaneous Tumors Madison, Wisconsin Diagnostic Imaging in Clinical Oncology Mary K. Klein, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology), DACVR Soft Tissue Sarcomas (Radiation Oncology) Southwest Veterinary Specialty Center Laura D. Garrett, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Tucson, Arizona Associate Professor (Medical Oncology) Tumors of the Female Reproductive System Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Deborah W. Knapp, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) Urbana, Illinois Professor of Comparative Oncology Cancer Chemotherapy Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Miscellaneous Tumors School of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana Tumors of the Urinary System Contributors vii Laurel Lagoni, MS Julius M. Liptak, BVSc, MVCS, FACVSc, DECVS, DACVS Co-founder and former director Assistant Professor in Small Animal Surgery Argus Institute for Families and Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Studies James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital Ontario Veterinary College Colorado State University University of Guelph Fort Collins, Colorado Guelph, Ontario, Canada President and CEO Soft Tissue Sarcomas Pet Loss Solutions and Services Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract World by the Tail, Inc. Fort Collins, Colorado Cheryl A. London, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) Supportive Care for the Cancer Patient Associate Professor Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Susan E. Lana, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) College of Veterinary Medicine Assistant Professor The Ohio State University Department of Clinical Sciences Columbus, Ohio Animal Cancer Center Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Michael D. Lucroy, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) Fort Collins, Colorado Associate Professor, Oncology Tumors of the Respiratory System Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Tumors of the Mammary Gland School of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University Susan M. LaRue, DVM, PhD, DACVS, DACVR West Lafayette, Indiana (Specialty of Radiation Oncology) Miscellaneous Treatments for Solid Tumors Professor of Radiation Oncology Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Dennis W. Macy, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Internal Medicine Colorado State University and Oncology) Fort Collins, Colorado Professor James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital Clinical Sciences Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Colorado State University Biomedical Sciences Fort Collins, Colorado Colorado State University Radiation Therapy Fort Collins, Colorado Medical Director B. Duncan X. Lascelles, BSc, BVsc, PhD, MRCVS, CertVA, Oncology DSAS (ST), DECVS, DACVS Desert Veterinary Specialists Assistant Professor of Surgery and Pain Management Palm Desert, California Department of Clinical Sciences Chief of Staff College of Veterinary Medicine Oncology and Medicine North Carolina State University Cancer Care Specialist Raleigh, North Carolina Las Vegas, Nevada Supportive Care for the Cancer Patient The Etiology of Cancer Richard A. LeCouteur, BVSc, PhD, DACVIM (Neurology) Glenna E. Mauldin, DVM, MS, DACVIM Professor (Oncology), DACVN Surgical and Radiological Sciences Associate Professor of Veterinary Oncology School of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Davis, California Louisiana State University Tumors of the Nervous System Baton Rouge, Louisiana Supportive Care for the Cancer Patient Paul E. Miller, DVM, DACVO Clinical Professor of Comparative Ophthalmology Department of Surgical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin Ocular Tumors viii Contributors Jaime F. Modiano, VMD, PhD John S. Reif, DVM, MSc (med) Associate Professor Professor of Epidemiology Integrated Department of Immunology Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences University of Colorado at Denver and Colorado State University Health Sciences Center Fort Collins, Colorado Denver, Colorado Animal Cancer Center The Etiology of Cancer Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Rodney L. Page, MS, DVM, DACVIM (Medicine and The Epidemiology and Incidence of Cancer Oncology) Alexander deLahunta Chair of Clinical Sciences Narda G. Robinson, DO, DVM, DABMA, FAAMA College of Veterinary Medicine Affiliate Faculty Cornell University Clinical Sciences Ithaca, New York Colorado State University Tumors of the Endocrine System Fort Collins, Colorado Instructor Melissa C. Paoloni, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Veterinary Acupuncturist Post-doctoral Fellow Clinical Sciences Comparative Oncology Program Veterinary Teaching Hospital National Institutes of Health, Colorado State University National Cancer Institute Fort Collins, Colorado Bethesda, Maryland Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Patients with Veterinary Oncologist Cancer Oncology Service Southpaws Veterinary Specialists and G.R. Rutteman, DVM, PhD, DECVIM (Oncology) Emergency Center Assistant Professor Fairfax, Virginia Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals Molecular Diagnostics Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Jean M. Poulson, DVM, PhD, DACVR (Radiation Specialist Oncology) Oncology Referral Service Assistant Professor Veterinary Specialist Centre Clinical Sciences De Wagenrenk, Wageningen School of Veterinary Medicine The Netherlands Tufts University Tumors of the Mammary Glands North Grafton, Massachusetts Radiation Oncologist Kim A. Selting, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) Harrington Oncology Program Assistant Professor Foster Hospital for Small Animals Veterinary Medicine and Surgery School of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri-Columbia Tufts University Columbia, Missouri North Grafton, Massachusetts Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract Adjunct Instructor Molecular Biomedical Sciences Katherine A. Skorupski, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) College of Veterinary Medicine Assistant Professor of Clinical Medical Oncology North Carolina State University Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences Raleigh, North Carolina School of Veterinary Medicine Miscellaneous Treatments for Solid Tumors University of California, Davis Davis, California Barbara E. Powers, DVM, PhD, DACVP Miscellaneous Tumors Professor and Director Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories Rodney C. Straw, BVSc, DACVS Colorado State University Director Fort Collins, Colorado Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre The Pathology of Neoplasia Albany Creek, Queensland, Australia Director Animal Cancer Care Chairman Australian Animal Cancer Foundation Limited Tumors of the Skeletal System Contributors ix Douglas H. Thamm, VMD, DACVIM (Oncology) Alice E. Villalobos, DVM Assistant Professor Consultant Department of Clinical Sciences Animal Oncology Consultation Services College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Woodland Hills, California Colorado State University Consultant Fort Collins, Colorado VCA Clarmar Animal Hospital Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer Torrance, California Mast Cell Tumors Animal Oncology Consultation Service Miscellaneous Tumors Hermosa Beach, California Supportive Care for the Cancer Patient Mary Anna Thrall, DVM, MS, DACVP Professor Stephen J. Withrow, DVM, DACVS, DACVIM Pathobiology (Oncology) School of Veterinary Medicine Director Ross University Animal Cancer Center Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies Colorado State University Clinical Pathologist Fort Collins, Colorado Clinical Pathology Biopsy Principles Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Surgical Oncology Fort Collins, Colorado Miscellaneous Treatment for Solid Tumors Professor Tumors of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract Colorado State University Tumors of the Respiratory System Fort Collins, Colorado Tumors of the Mammary Gland Diagnostic Cytology in Clinical Oncology Miscellaneous Tumors Michelle M. Turek, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology), DACVR Karen M. Young, VMD, PhD (Radiation Oncology) Clinical Professor of Clinical Pathology Angell Animal Medical Center Pathology Section Head Boston, Massachusetts Department of Pathobiological Sciences Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract University of Wisconsin-Madison Tumors of the Respiratory System Madison, Wisconsin Hematopoietic Tumors David M. Vail, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Professor of Oncology Director of Clinical Research School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin Tumors of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues Mast Cell Tumors Tumors of the Skeletal System Hematopoietic Tumors
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