Withrow and Mac: Ewen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology PDF
Preview Withrow and Mac: Ewen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology
Withrow & MacEwen’s Small Animal Clinical Oncology Withrow & MacEwen’s Small Animal Clinical Oncology 5th edition Stephen J. Withrow, DVM, DACVS, DACVIM (Oncology) Associate Director and Founder Animal Cancer Center Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado David M. Vail, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Professor of Oncology Barbara A. Suran Chair in Comparative Oncology Director, Center for Clinical Trials and Research School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin Rodney L. Page, DVM, DACVIM (Internal Med/Oncology) Director, Flint Animal Cancer Center Professor of Medical Oncology Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 WITHROW AND MACEWEN’S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY ISBN: 978-1-4377-2362-5 Copyright © 2013, 2007, 2001, 1996, 1989 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Chapter titled “Tumor Biology and Metastasis” by Chand Khanna is in the public domain. Chapter titled “Clinical Trials and Developmental Therapeutics” by Melissa C. Paoloni is in the public domain. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/ permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4377-2362-5 Vice President and Publisher: Linda Duncan Content Strategy Director: Penny Rudolph Content Development Specialist: Brandi Graham Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Project Manager: David Stein Design Direction: Brian Salisbury Working together to grow libraries in developing countries Printed in China www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors David J. Argyle, BVMS, PhD, DECVIM-CA (Oncology), William T.N. Culp, VMD, DACVS MRCVS Assistant Professor William Dick Professor of Clinical Studies and Dean of School Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute University of California-Davis The University of Edinburgh School of Veterinary Medicine Easter Bush Davis, California Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom Tumors of the Respiratory System: Pulmonary Neoplasia Tumor Biology and Metastasis Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer: Gene Therapy for Cancer Curtis W. Dewey, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Neurology), DACVS Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer: Novel and Emerging Associate Professor, Neurology/Neurosurgery Therapeutic Targets Chief, Section of Neurology Department of Clinical Sciences Anne C. Avery, VMD, PhD College of Veterinary Medicine Associate Professor of Immunology Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences Ithaca, New York Colorado State University Tumors of the Nervous System Fort Collins, Colorado Molecular Diagnostics Steven Dow, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVIM (Internal Medicine) Professor of Immunology Philip J. Bergman, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) Department of Clinical Sciences Director, Clinical Studies, VCA Antech Inc. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology Medical Director, Katonah-Bedford Veterinary Center Colorado State University Bedford Hills, New York; Fort Collins, Colorado Adjunct Associate Cancer Immunotherapy Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York Richard R. Dubielzig, DVM, DACVP, DACVO (hon) Paraneoplastic Syndromes Professor of Pathology Melanoma Department of Pathobiological Sciences University of Wisconsin Brenda N. Bonnett, BSc, DVM, PhD Madison, Wisconsin Consulting Epidemiologist Ocular Tumors B Bonnett Consulting Wiarton, Ontario, Canada E.J. Ehrhart, DVM, PhD, DACVP Epidemiology and the Evidence-Based Medicine Approach Associate Professor Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Lesley M. Butler, PhD CSU Animal Cancer Center Assistant Professor CSU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Fort Collins, Colorado The Pathology of Neoplasia Epidemiology and the Evidence-Based Medicine Approach Nicole P. Ehrhart, VMD, MS, DACVS Craig A. Clifford, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) Professor, Surgical Oncology Staff Oncologist and Director of Clinical Research Animal Cancer Center Hope Veterinary Specialists Colorado State University Malvern, Pennsylvania Fort Collins, Colorado Miscellaneous Tumors: Histiocytic Diseases Biopsy Principles Tumors of the Skeletal System v vi Contributors Timothy M. Fan, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology, Internal Ira K. Gordon, DVM, DACVR Medicine) Postdoctoral Fellow Associate Professor Radiation Oncology Branch Veterinary Clinical Medicine National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Bethesda, Maryland; Urbana, Illinois Radiation Oncologist Tumors of the Skeletal System The Oncology Service, LLC Washington, DC; James P. Farese, DVM, DACVS VetPrep Corp Associate Professor Solana Beach, California Small Animal Clinical Sciences Radiation Therapy University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Daniel L. Gustafson, BS, PhD Surgical Oncology Associate Professor, Clinical Sciences Melanoma Director of Research, Animal Cancer Center Colorado State University Lisa J. Forrest, VMD, DACVR (Radiology, Radiation Fort Collins, Colorado; Oncology) Director, Pharmacology Core Professor, Radiation Oncology Section Head University of Colorado Cancer Center Surgical Sciences Anschutz Medical Campus School of Veterinary Medicine University of Colorado-Denver, University of Wisconsin-Madison Aurora, Colorado Madison, Wisconsin Cancer Chemotherapy Imaging in Oncology Soft Tissue Sarcomas Amanda M. Guth, DVM, PhD Research Scientist, Animal Cancer Center Kristen R. Friedrichs, DVM, DACVP (Clinical Pathology) Department of Clinical Sciences Clinical Assistant Professor Colorado State University Department of Pathobiological Sciences Fort Collins, Colorado School of Veterinary Medicine Cancer Immunotherapy University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin Marlene L. Hauck, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) Diagnostic Cytopathology in Clinical Oncology Professor of Oncology Department of Clinical Sciences Laura D. Garrett, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) College of Veterinary Medicine Clinical Associate Professor, Oncology North Carolina State University Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine Raleigh, North Carolina College of Veterinary Medicine Tumors of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois Carolyn J. Henry, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) Miscellaneous Tumors: Mesothelioma Professor of Oncology Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Michael H. Goldschmidt, MSc, BVMS, MRCVS, DACVP College of Veterinary Medicine Professor, Veterinary Pathology Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Pathobiology School of Medicine Chief, Surgical Pathology Interim Associate Director of Research Laboratory of Pathology and Toxicology Ellis Fischel Cancer Center School of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri University of Pennsylvania Columbia, Missouri Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The Etiology of Cancer: Chemical, Physical, and Hormonal Factors Tumors of the Mammary Gland The Etiology of Cancer: Cancer-Causing Viruses Debra A. Kamstock, DVM, PhD, DACVP KamPath Diagnostics & Investigation; Affiliate Faculty Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado The Pathology of Neoplasia Contributors vii Michael S. Kent, MAS, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology), DACVR B. Duncan X. Lascelles, BSc, BVSc, PhD, CertVA, DSAS (ST), (Radiation Oncology) DECVS, DACVS Associate Professor Professor, Small Animal Surgery and Pain Management Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences University of California-Davis Comparative Pain Research Laboratory and Center for Davis, California Comparative Medicine and Translational Research Melanoma College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Chand Khanna, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) Raleigh, North Carolina Senior Scientist Supportive Care for the Cancer Patient: Management of Chronic Head, Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section Cancer Pain Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Jessica A. Lawrence, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology), DACVR Bethesda, Maryland (Radiation Oncology) Tumor Biology and Metastasis Assistant Professor of Medical Oncology Molecular Diagnostics Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery University of Georgia William C. Kisseberth, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) College of Veterinary Medicine Associate Professor Athens, Georgia Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Tumors of the Female Reproductive System College of Veterinary Medicine Tumors of the Male Reproductive System The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Julius M. Liptak, BVSc, MVetClinStud, FACVSc, DECVS, Miscellaneous Tumors: Neoplasia of the Heart DACVS Alta Vista Animal Hospital Deborah W. Knapp, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Dolores L. McCall Professor of Comparative Oncology Soft Tissue Sarcomas Veterinary Clinical Sciences Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Oral Tumors Purdue University Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Hepatobiliary Tumors West Lafayette, Indiana Tumors of the Urinary System Cheryl A. London, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) Associate Professor Susan L. Kraft, DVM, PhD, DACVR (Diagnostic Imaging), Shackelford Professor of Veterinary Medicine DACVR (Radiation Oncology) Department of Veterinary Biosciences Professor, Veterinary Radiology College of Veterinary Medicine Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences The Ohio State University Colorado State University Columbus, Ohio James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer: Signal Transduction and Fort Collins Colorado Cancer Imaging in Oncology Mast Cell Tumors Susan E. Lana, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) Katharine F. Lunn, BVMS, MS, PhD, MRCVS, DACVIM Associate Professor (Small Animal Internal Medicine) Animal Cancer Center Associate Professor Department of Clinical Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine Fort Collins, Colorado North Carolina State University Tumors of the Respiratory System: Nasosinal Tumors Raleigh, North Carolina Tumors of the Endocrine System Susan M. LaRue, DVM, PhD, DACVS, DACVR (Radiation Oncology) Professor of Radiation Oncology Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital Animal Cancer Center Fort Collins, Colorado Radiation Therapy viii Contributors Dennis W. Macy, DM, MS, DACVIM (Internal Medicine/ Anthony J. Mutsaers, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) Oncology) Assistant Professor Professor Emeritus Department of Clinical Studies Department of Clinical Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Ontario Veterinary College Colorado State University University of Guelph Fort Collins, Colorado; Guelph, Ontario, Canada Chief Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer: Antiangiogenic and Department of Medical Oncology Metronomic Therapy Desert Veterinary Specialist Palm Desert, California; Christine Olver, DVM, PhD, DACVP Owner and Chief of Staff Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology Cancer Care Specialist College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences West Flamingo Animal Hospital Colorado State University Las Vegas, Nevada Fort Collins, Colorado The Etiology of Cancer: Cancer-Causing Viruses Molecular Diagnostics Margaret C. McEntee, DVM, DACVIM, DACVR(RO) Rodney L. Page, DVM, DACVIM (Internal Med/Oncology) Professor and Alexander de Lahunta Chair Director, Flint Animal Cancer Center Department of Clinical Sciences Professor of Medical Oncology College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences Ithaca, New York Colorado State University Tumors of the Nervous System Fort Collins, Colorado Epidemiology and the Evidence-Based Medicine Approach Sarah K. McMillan, DVM Cancer Chemotherapy Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Tumors of the Endocrine System Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana Melissa C. Paoloni, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Tumors of the Urinary System Director, Comparative Oncology Trials Consortium Comparative Oncology Program Paul E. Miller, DVM, DACVO Center for Cancer Research Clinical Professor of Comparative Ophthalmology National Cancer Institute Department of Surgical Sciences Bethesda, Maryland School of Veterinary Medicine Molecular Diagnostics University of Wisconsin-Madison Clinical Trials and Developmental Therapeutics Madison, Wisconsin Ocular Tumors Marie E. Pinkerton, DVM, DACVP Clinical Assistant Professor of Anatomic Pathology Jaime F. Modiano, VMD, PhD Pathology Section Head Al and June Perlman Endowed Professor of Animal Oncology Department of Pathobiological Sciences Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison Masonic Cancer Center Madison, Wisconsin University of Minnesota Hematopoietic Tumors: Canine Lymphoma and Lymphoid Minneapolis, Minnesota Leukemias The Etiology of Cancer: The Genetic Basis of Cancer Barbara E. Powers, BS, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVP Peter F. Moore, BVSc, PhD Director of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Professor of Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University University of California-Davis Fort Collins, Colorado Davis, California The Pathology of Neoplasia Miscellaneous Tumors: Histiocytic Diseases Robert B. Rebhun, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) Assistant Professor Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California-Davis Davis, California Tumors of the Respiratory System: Pulmonary Neoplasia Contributors ix Narda G. Robinson, DO, DVM, MS, FAAMA Carlos Henrique de Mello Souza, Med vet, MS, DACVIM Director (Oncology), DACVS CSU Center for Comparative and Integrative Pain Medicine Surgical and Medical Oncologist, Relief Department of Clinical Sciences Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Colorado State University Oklahoma State University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences Stillwater, Oklahoma Fort Collins, Colorado Miscellaneous Tumors: Thymoma Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Cancer: The Good, the Bad, and the Dangerous Douglas H. Thamm, VMD, DACVIM (Oncology) Associate Professor, Oncology Stewart D. Ryan, BVSc(Hons), MS, DACVS Barbara Cox Anthony Chair, Oncology Affiliate Faculty Animal Cancer Center Colorado State University Department of Clinical Sciences Fort Collins, Colorado; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Director Colorado State University Surgical Consultancy Services Pty. Ltd. Fort Collins, Colorado Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer: Novel and Emerging Tumors of the Skeletal System Therapeutic Targets Mast Cell Tumors Corey F. Saba, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Miscellaneous Tumors: Hemangiosarcoma Associate Professor Department of Medicine and Surgery Michelle M. Turek, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology), DACVR University of Georgia (Radiation Oncology) College of Veterinary Medicine Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology Athens, Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine Tumors of the Female Reproductive System The University of Georgia Tumors of the Male Reproductive System Athens, Georgia Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Perianal Tumors Kim A. Selting, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) Tumors of the Respiratory System: Nasosinal Tumors Associate Teaching Professor Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery David M. Vail, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) University of Missouri Professor of Oncology Columbia, Missouri Barbara A. Suran Chair in Comparative Oncology Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Intestinal Tumors Director, Center for Clinical Trials and Research School of Veterinary Medicine Jane R. Shaw, DVM, PhD University of Wisconsin-Madison Assistant Professor and Director of the Argus Institute Madison, Wisconsin Department of Clinical Sciences Clinical Trials and Developmental Therapeutics Veterinary Teaching Hospital Hematopoietic Tumors: Canine Lymphoma and Lymphoid Colorado State University Leukemias Fort Collins, Colorado Hematopoietic Tumors: Feline Lymphoma and Leukemia Supportive Care for the Cancer Patient: Relationship-Centered Hematopoietic Tumors: Canine Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Approach to Cancer Communication Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, and Myelodysplasia Hematopoietic Tumors: Myeloma-Related Disorders Katherine A. Skorupski, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Associate Professor of Clinical Medical Oncology Joseph J. Wakshlag, DVM, PhD, DACVN, DACVSMR Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences Assistant Professor University of California-Davis Department of Clinical Sciences Davis, California Cornell University Miscellaneous Tumors: Histiocytic Diseases Ithaca, New York Supportive Care for the Cancer Patient: Nutritional Management of Karin U. Sorenmo, DVM, DACVIM, ECVIM-CA (Oncology) the Cancer Patient Associate Professor of Oncology Section Chief of Oncology Department of Clinical Studies School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Tumors of the Mammary Gland x Contributors Stephen J. Withrow, DVM, DACVS, DACVIM (Oncology) Deanna R. Worley, DVM, DACVS Associate Director and Founder Assistant Professor, Surgical Oncology Animal Cancer Center Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University Colorado State University; Fort Collins, Colorado Assistant Professor, Surgical Oncology Biopsy Principles Animal Cancer Center Surgical Oncology Colorado State University Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract: OralTumors Fort Collins, Colorado Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Salivary Gland Cancer Tumors of the Mammary Gland Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Esophageal Cancer Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer Karen M. Young, VMD, PhD Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Gastric Cancer Clinical Professor of Clinical Pathology Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Perianal Tumors Chief of Diagnostic Services Tumors of the Respiratory System: Cancer of the Nasal Planum Department of Pathobiological Sciences Tumors of the Respiratory System: Cancer of the Larynx and School of Veterinary Medicine Trachea University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison, Wisconsin J. Paul Woods, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Internal Medicine, Diagnostic Cytopathology in Clinical Oncology Oncology) Hematopoietic Tumors: Canine Lymphoma and Lymphoid Co-Director, Institute for Comparative Cancer Investigation Leukemias Professor of Small Animal Medicine Hematopoietic Tumors: Canine Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Department of Clinical Studies Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, and Myelodysplasia Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario, Canada Miscellaneous Tumors: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor
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