STUDIES IN ETHICS AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION General Editor: D. Z. Phillips STUDIES IN ETHICS AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION General Editor: D. Z. Phillips VOLUME I The Problem of Evil by M. B. Ahern VOLUMEII Moral Reasoning by R. W. Beardsmore VOLUMEIII Theology and Intelligibility by Michael Durrant VOLUME IV Humanism and Ideology by James R. Flynn VOLUME V The Five Ways: St. Thomas Aquinas' Proofs of God's Existence by Anthony Kenny VOLUME VI Moral Practices by D. Z. Phillips and H. O. Mounce VOLUME VII God and Timelessness by Nelson Pike VOLUME VIII Without Answers by Rush Rhees VOLUME IX Morality and Purpose by J. L. Stocks STUDIES IN ETHICS AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION VOLUME VIII Without Answers By Rush Rhees First published 1969 by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Published 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OXI4 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © Rush Rhees, 1969 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library ofC ongress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record has been requested ISBN 978-0-415-31848-8 (hbk) Publisher's Note The Publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original book may be apparent. Thisp agei ntentionallleyf tb lank This page intentionally left blank STUDIES IN ETHICS AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION The Series is meant to provide an opportunity for philosophical discussions of a limited length which pursue in some detail specific topics in ethics or the philosophy of religion, or topics which belong to both fields. For the most part, the Series will present work by contem porary philosophers. The contributors, while not representing any single philosophical school, will be in sympathy with recent developments in philosophy. Occasionally, however, unpublished material by earlier philosophers, or works of importance which are now out of print, or not easily accessible, will appear in the Series. D. Z. PHILLIPS Without Answers by RUSH RHEES London ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL Thisp agei ntentionallleyf tb lank This page intentionally left blank Editorial Note I have gathered these papers with the perrmsslOn of Rush Rhees. They have been gathered from two sources: first, published and unpublished papers; and second, letters written to colleagues, students and friends on various occasions. There may well be letters by Rush Rhees which are just as important as those'in this volume. I have made my selection from those I happened to know about. It does not follow that Rush Rhees himself would have selected the papers and letters I have chosen, or that he would have ordered them as I have done. The first two papers are based on talks to first year students not reading philosophy. Numbers 3-5 are the only papers in the collection to be published previously. Numbers 3 and 4 were first published as a critical notice and article respectively in Mind, Vol. LVI, r 947. We are grateful to the Editor for permission to use the material here. Number 5 was first published in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supp. Vol. XXIII, 1949. We are grateful to the Editor for permission to use the material here. Numbers 6 and 14 are hitherto unpublished papers. With the exception of paper 14, numbers 7-17 are taken from letters written to various people between 1954 and 1966. Of these, numbers 7, 9 and 16 were written as notes on discussions in the Philosophical Society at the University College of Swansea. I am responsible for the