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Witchcraft and Demonology in Hungary and Transylvania PDF

419 Pages·2017·4.09 MB·English
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Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic Witchcraft and Demonology in Hungary and Transylvania Edited by Gábor Klaniczay and Éva Pócs Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic Series Editors Jonathan Barry Department of History University of Exeter Exeter, UK Willem de Blécourt Meertens Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands Owen Davies School of Humanities University of Hertfordshire UK The history of European witchcraft and magic continues to fascinate and challenge students and scholars. There is certainly no shortage of books on the subject. Several general surveys of the witch trials and numerous regional and micro studies have been published for an English-speaking readership. While the quality of publications on witchcraft has been high, some regions and topics have received less attention over the years. The aim of this series is to help illuminate these lesser known or little studied aspects of the history of witchcraft and magic. It will also encourage the development of a broader corpus of work in other related areas of magic and the supernatural, such as angels, devils, spirits, ghosts, folk healing and divination. To help further our understanding and interest in this wider history of beliefs and practices, the series will include research that looks beyond the usual focus on Western Europe and that also explores their relevance and influence from the medieval to the modern period. ‘A valuable series.’—Magic, Ritual and Witchcraft More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14693 Gábor Klaniczay · Éva Pócs Editors Witchcraft and Demonology in Hungary and Transylvania Editors Gábor Klaniczay Éva Pócs Central European University Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary Pécs, Hungary Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic ISBN 978-3-319-54755-8 ISBN 978-3-319-54756-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-54756-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017944560 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover image: Becker, Rudolf Zacharias: Noth- und Hülfsbüchlein für den Landmann : welches lehret, wie man vergnügt leben und mit Ehren reich werden könne, desgleichen wenn man Leute findet, welche erfroren, ersoffen, erstickt oder erhenkt [...]. In Leipzig: verlegt bey G.J. Göschen [1785]. Source: Zentralbibliothek Zürich Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Translated from the Hungarian by Anna Klaniczay Style edited by Andrew Rouse Index prepared by Judit Kis-Halas C ontents Introduction 1 Gábor Klaniczay and Éva Pócs The Social Background of Witchcraft Accusations in Early Modern Debrecen and Bihar County 13 Ildikó Sz. Kristóf Witchcraft, Greed and Revenge: The Prosecutor Activity of György Igyártó and the Witch Trials of Kolozsvár in the 1580s 91 László Pakó Healers in Hungarian Witch Trials 111 Gábor Klaniczay Divinatio Diabolica and Superstitious Medicine: Healers, Seers and Diviners in the Changing Discourse of Witchcraft in Early Modern Nagybánya 159 Judit Kis-Halas Shamanism or Witchcraft? The Táltos Before the Tribunals 221 Éva Pócs vii viii CONTENTS The Decriminalization of Magic and the Fight Against Superstition in Hungary and Transylvania, 1740–1848 291 Pèter Tóth G. Demonology and Catholic Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Hungary 319 Dániel Bárth Talking Through Witchcraft—on the Bewitchment Discourse of a Village Community 349 Ágnes Hesz Index 395 e C ditors and ontributors About the Editors Gábor Klaniczay is Professor of Medieval Studies at the Central European University, Budapest, Hungary. His research interests are the history of medieval and early modern sainthood and witchcraft. His books include The Uses of Supernatural Power (1990) and Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses (2002). He coedited with Éva Pócs a three vol- ume series “Demons, Spirits witches”: Communicating with the Spirits (2005); Christian Demonology and Popular Mythology (2006); Witchcraft Mythologies and Persecutions (2008). Éva Pócs is Professor Emeritus at the University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary, and PI of the ERC project ‘Vernacular religion on the boundary of Eastern and Western Christianity: continuity, changes and interac- tions’. The crucial areas of her research are: modern folk religion and folk beliefs; witchcraft and demonology in the early modern and modern period; cult of the dead, shamanism, incantations. She is the series editor of sourcebooks of early modern religion and witchcraft and the editor and co-editor of several volumes on religious anthropology and folk- lore, among them the series Demons, Spirits, Witches (with G. Klaniczay, 2005–2008); The Power of Words: Studies on Charms and Charming in Europe (with J. Kapaló and W. Ryan, 2012). Her books include Fairies ix x EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS and Witches at the Boundary of South-Eastern and Central Europe (1989) and Between the Living and the Dead: A Perspective on Witches and Seers in the Early Modern Age (1998). Contributors Dániel Bárth is Associate Professor at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. His main fields are the historical aspects of ver- nacular religion and the historical sources of early modern Christianity. Among his books are: Esküvő, keresztelő, avatás. Egyház és népi kultúra a kora újkori Magyarországon [Marriage, Baptism and Churching of Woman. The Church and Popular Culture in Early Modern Hungary] (2005); Exorcizmus és erotika. Egy XVIII. századi székelyföldi ördögűzés szokatlan körülményei [Exorcism and the Erotic. Unusual Circumstances of an Exorcism among the Szeklers in the Eighteenth Century] (2008); Benedikció és exorcizmus a kora újkori Magyarországon [Benediction and Exorcism in Early Modern Hungary] (2010). Ágnes Hesz is Assistant Professor at the University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary, and Researcher in the ERC project ‘Vernacular religion on the boundary of Eastern and Western Christianity: continuity, changes and interactions’. Her main research fields are vernacular religion, cul- ture of death, witchcraft. Her publications include: Élők, holtak és adósságok. A halottak szerepe egy erdélyi faluközösségben [The Dead, the Living, and their Debts. The Role of the Dead in a Village Community] (2012), ‘The making of a bewitchment narrative’ (in Electronic Journal of Folklore, 2007) and ‘The story of a funeral home: ritual moderniza- tion and its reception in a Transylvanian village community’ (in Revista română de sociologie, 2016). Judit Kis-Halas is Researcher in the ERC project ‘Vernacular reli- gion on the boundary of Eastern and Western Christianity: continuity, changes and interactions’. Her research areas are early modern witchcraft and popular healing, contemporary beliefs of witchcraft, complementary medicine, and alternative spiritualities in Central Europe. Her publica- tions include ‘Trial of an Honest Citizen in Nagybánya’ (in G. Klaniczay and É. Pócs eds, Witchcraft Mythologies and Persecutions, 2008) and ‘I

Description:
This book provides a selection of studies on witchcraft and demonology by those involved in an interdisciplinary research group begun in Hungary thirty years ago. They examine urban and rural witchcraft conflicts from early modern times to the present, from a region hitherto rarely taken into consid
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