wisconsin corn hybrid performance trials - Wisconsin Corn Agronomy

52 Pages·2012·1.35 MB·English

A3653
WISCONSIN CORN HYBRID
PERFORMANCE TRIALS
GRAIN • SILAGE • SPECIALTY • ORGANIC
JOE LAUER, KENT KOHN, THIERNO DIALLO
Department of Agronomy, College of Agricultural
2012
and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin-Extension
Wisconsin Crop Improvement Association
A3653
WISCONSIN CORN HYBRID
PERFORMANCE TRIALS
GRAIN • SILAGE • SPECIALTY • ORGANIC
JOE LAUER, KENT KOHN, THIERNO DIALLO
Department of Agronomy, College of Agricultural
and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin 2012
University of Wisconsin-Extension
Wisconsin Crop Improvement Association
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................1
PRESENTATION OF DATA ........................................................................................................................2
HOW TO USE THE RESULTS ...................................................................................................................3
FOR MORE INFORMATION .......................................................................................................................4
2012 TRIALS INFORMATION TABLES TABLE PAGE
Companies ................................................................................................1 5
Hybrids .....................................................................................................2 6
Transgenic traits summary ........................................................................3 11
Seed treatments ........................................................................................4 11
Temperature and precipitation summary....................................................5 12
Individual trial information ..........................................................................6 13
GRAIN TRIALS
Southern Zone (Arlington, Janesville, Lancaster)
Early maturity trial results ............................................................7 14
Late maturity trial results .............................................................8 16
South Central Zone (Fond du Lac, Galesville, Hancock/irrigated)
Early maturity trial results ............................................................9 18
Late maturity trial results ...........................................................10 20
North Central Zone (Chippewa Falls, Marshfield, Seymour, Valders)
Early maturity trial results ..........................................................11 22
Late maturity trial results ...........................................................12 24
Northern Zone (Spooner/three sites, Coleman)
Trial results ...............................................................................13 27
SILAGE TRIALS
Southern Zone (Arlington and Lancaster)
Early maturity trial results ..........................................................14 29
Late maturity trial results ...........................................................15 30
South Central Zone (Fond du Lac and Galesville)
Early maturity trial results ..........................................................16 32
Late maturity trial results ...........................................................17 33
ii Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2012
SILAGE TRIALS (CONTINUED) TABLE PAGE
North Central Zone (Chippewa Falls, Marshfield, Valders)
Early maturity trial results ..........................................................18 35
Late maturity trial results ...........................................................19 36
Northern Zone (Spooner/two sites, Coleman)
Trial results ...............................................................................20 38
ORGANIC GRAIN TRIALS
Southern Zone (Arlington, Janesville, Lancaster)
Trial results. ..............................................................................21 40
North Central Zone (Chippewa Falls, Marshfield, Valders)
Trial results ...............................................................................22 41
HYBRID COMPARISONS OVER TIME
Comparisons over time of all hybrids tested between 2012 and 2010 ......23 42
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE
Wisconsin relative maturity belts and test sites .........................................1 iv
Relationship between milk per acre and milk per ton of corn hybrids:
Southern Zone ................................................................................2 31
South Central Zone .........................................................................3 34
North Central Zone ..........................................................................4 37
Northern Zone .................................................................................5 39
Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2012 iii
Figure 1. Wisconsin relative
maturity belts and test sites.
Bayfield
Douglas
Ashland Iron
Vilas
Washburn Sawyer
Burnett Price
Oneida Florence
N
8855 aanndd eeaarrlliieerr
SSPPOOOONNEERR
Forest
N
Polk Marinette
Rusk Lincoln
Barron Taylor Langlade
8855––9900
Chippewa N CCOOLLEEMMAANN
St. Croix NC CCHHIIPPPPEEWWAA FFAALLLLSS Marathon Menominee Oconto
Dunn
Door
Eau Claire Clark Shawano Door
9900 ––9955
Pierce N NC SSEEYYMMOOUURR
Pepin MMAARRSSHHFFIIEELLDD
NC
9955––110000 Outagamie Kewaunee
Wood Portage Waupaca
Brown
Corn Buffalo Jackson
Trempealeau
Production SC GGAALLEESSVVIILLLLEE Juneau SC HHAANNCCOOCCKK Manitowoc
Calumet NC VVAALLDDEERRSS
Zones Adams Waushara Winnebago
Monroe
Marquette
La Crosse 110000––110055 SC FFOONNDD DDUU LLAACC
N Northern Green Lake Fond du Lac Sheboygan
Vernon
NC North Central Sauk Columbia Dodge
Ozaukee
Richland S AARRLLIINNGGTTOONN
SC South Central Washington
Crawford 110055––111100
Iowa
S Southern S LLAANNCCAASSTTEERR Jefferson Waukesha Milwaukee
Dane
Grant
Dashed lines indicate 111100––111155 S JJAANNEESSVVIILLLLEE Racine
hybrid maturity belts, Lafayette Green Rock Walworth Kenosha
and numbers are relative
maturity belts in days RM.
Trait references
References to transgenic traits in this publication are for your convenience and are not an endorsement
or criticism of one trait over other similar traits. Every attempt was made to ensure accuracy of traits in
the hybrids tested. You are responsible for using traits according to the current label directions of seed
companies. Follow directions exactly to protect the environment and people from misuse. Failure to do so
violates the law.
iv Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2012
INTRODUCTION
Every year, the University of Wisconsin-Extension was above average for most locations. Little insect
and the University of Wisconsin–Madison College or disease pressure was observed in most trials.
of Agricultural and Life Sciences conduct a Grain and silage yields were below the 10-year
corn evaluation program in cooperation with the average at most sites. Fall weather conditions,
Wisconsin Crop Improvement Association. The although dry, were ideal for harvest and fall farm
purpose of this program is to provide unbiased per- work.
formance comparisons of hybrid seed corn for both
grain and silage available in Wisconsin. CULTURAL PRACTICES
The seedbed at each location was prepared by
In 2012, grain and silage performance trials were either conventional or conservation tillage meth-
planted at 14 locations in four production zones: ods. Seed treatments of hybrids entered into
the southern, south central, north central, and the trials are described in Table 4. Fertilizer was
northern zones. Both seed companies and univer- applied as recommended by soil tests. Herbicides
sity researchers submitted hybrids. Companies were applied for weed control and supplemented
with hybrids included in the 2012 trials are listed with cultivation when necessary. Corn rootworm
in Table 1. Specific hybrids and where they were insecticide was applied when the previous crop
tested are shown in Table 2. A summary of the was corn. Information on cultural practices for each
transgenic traits tested in 2012 is shown in Table location is summarized in Table 6.
3. In the back of the report, hybrids previously
tested over the past three years are listed in Table PLANTING
23. At most locations, trials were divided into early A precision vacuum corn planter was used at all
and late maturity trials based on the hybrid relative locations except Spooner. Two-row plots, 25 feet
maturities provided by the companies. The specific long, were planted at all locations. Plots were not
relative maturities separating early and late trials hand-thinned. Each hybrid was grown in at least
are listed in the tables. three separate plots (replicates) at each location to
account for field variability.
GROWING CONDITIONS FOR 2012
Seasonal precipitation and temperature at the trial HARVESTING
sites are shown in Table 5. Due to warmer than GRAIN: Two-row plots were harvested with a self
normal conditions during March, planting started propelled corn combine. Lodged plants and/or
quickly and then was delayed by wet conditions broken stalks were counted, plot grain weights and
around May 1. Over the entire growing season, moisture contents were measured, and yields were
growing degree-day accumulation was above calculated and adjusted to 15.5% moisture. Test
the 30-year normal. During May, June, and July, weight was measured on each plot.
precipitation was significantly below average in
southern Wisconsin, while northern Wisconsin had SILAGE: Whole plant (silage) plots were harvested
above-average precipitation. Drought conditions using a tractor-driven, three-point mounted one-
continued through August and September in row chopper. One row was analyzed for whole-
the southern half of Wisconsin and were also plant yield and quality. Plot weight and moisture
observed in the northern half of the state. Due to a content were measured, and yields were adjusted
dry and relatively warm September and October, to tons of dry matter per acre. A sub-sample was
good grain drying occurred, with harvest grain collected and analyzed using near infrared spec-
moisture lower than normal in all trials. Test weight troscopy.
Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2012 1
PRESENTATION OF DATA
Yield results for individual location trials and for was calculated for multi-location averages for
multi-location averages are listed in Tables 7 grain trials. This index evaluates yield, moisture,
through 22. Within each trial, hybrids are ranked and lodged stalks at a 50 (yield): 35 (moisture):
by moisture averaged over all trials conducted in 15 (lodged stalks) ratio.
that zone during 2012. Yield data for both 2011
and 2012 are provided if the hybrid was entered The PI was computed by converting the yield,
in the 2011 trials. Starting in 2009, a nearest moisture (dry matter), and upright stalk values of
neighbor analysis of variance for all trials as each hybrid to a percentage of the test average.
described by Yang et al. (2004, Crop Science Then the PI for each hybrid that appears in the
44:49–55) and Smith and Casler (2004, Crop tables was calculated as follows:
Science 44:56–62) is included. A hybrid index
Performance Index (PI) =
(Table 2) lists relative maturity ratings, specialty
[(Yield x 0.50) + (Dry matter x 0.35) +
traits, seed treatments, and production zones
(Upright stalks x 0.15)] / 100
tested for each hybrid.
SILAGE PERFORMANCE INDEX
RELATIVE MATURITY
Corn silage quality was analyzed using near infra-
Seed companies use different methods and
red spectroscopy equations derived from previous
standards to classify or rate the maturity of corn
work. Plot samples were dried, ground, and ana-
hybrids. To provide corn producers a “standard”
lyzed for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber
maturity comparison for the hybrids evaluated, the
(ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in-vitro cell
average grain or silage moisture of all hybrids rated
wall digestibility (NDFD), in-vitro digestibility (IVD),
by the company’s relative maturity rating system
and starch. Spectral groups and outliers were
are shown in each table as shaded rows. In these
checked using wet chemistry analysis.
Wisconsin results tables, hybrids with lower mois-
ture than a particular relative maturity average are
The MILK2006 silage performance indices,
likely to be earlier than that relative maturity, while
milk per ton and milk per acre, were calculated
those with higher grain moisture are most likely
using an adaptation by Randy Shaver (UW–
later in relative maturity. Company relative maturity
Madison Department of Dairy Science) of the
ratings are rounded to 5-day increments.
MILK91 model (Undersander, Howard, and
Shaver; Journal Production Agriculture 6:231–
The Wisconsin Relative Maturity rating system
235). In MILK2006, the energy content of corn
for grain (GRM) and silage (SRM) compares the
silage was estimated using a modification of a
harvest moisture of a grain or silage hybrid to the
published summative energy equation (Weiss
average moisture of company ratings using linear
and coworkers, 1992; Animal Feed Science
regression. Each hybrid is rated within the trial
Technology 39:95–110). In the modified
and averaged over all trials in a zone. Maturity
summative equation, CP, fat, NDF, starch, and
ratings (company, GRM, and SRM) can be found in
sugar plus organic acid fractions were included
Table 2.
along with their corresponding total-tract
digestibility coefficients for estimating the energy
GRAIN PERFORMANCE INDEX
content of corn silage. Whole-plant dry matter
Three factors—yield, moisture, and standability— content was normalized to 35% for all hybrids.
are of primary importance in evaluating and The sample lab measure of NDFD was used
selecting corn hybrids. A performance index for the NDF digestibility coefficient. Digestibility
(PI), which combines these factors in one number, coefficients used for the CP, fat, and sugar plus
2 Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2012
organic acid fractions were constants. Dry matter or whether it might have occurred by chance. Use
intake was estimated using NDF and NDFD the appropriate least significant difference (LSD)
content assuming a 1,350-pound cow consuming value at the bottom of the tables to determine true
a 30% NDF diet. Using National Research differences.
Council (NRC, 2001) energy requirements, the
intake of energy from corn silage was converted Least significant differences at the 10% level
to expected milk per ton. Milk per acre was of probability are shown. Where the difference
calculated using milk per ton and dry matter yield between two selected hybrids within a column
per acre estimates (Schwab, Shaver, Lauer, is greater than or equal to the LSD value at the
and Coors, 2003; Animal Feed and Science bottom of the column, you can be sure in nine out
Technology 109:1–18). of ten cases that there is a real difference between
the two hybrid averages. If the difference is less
LEAST SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE than the LSD value, the difference may still be real,
Variations in yield and other characteristics occur but the experiment has produced no evidence of
because of variations in soil and growing conditions real differences. Hybrids that were not significantly
that lower the precision of the results. Statistical lower in performance than the highest hybrid in a
analysis makes it possible to determine, with known particular test are indicated with an asterisk (*).
probabilities of error, whether a difference is real
HOW TO USE THE RESULTS
The results provide you with an independent, 5. Evaluate the consistency of the performance
objective evaluation of the performance of unfamil- of the hybrids on your list over the years and
iar hybrids that seed company sales representa- in other zones.
tives are promoting, as well as a comparison of
a. Scan the 2011 results. Be wary of any hybrids
these unfamiliar hybrids with competitive hybrids.
on your list that had a 2011 PI of 100 or lower.
Below are suggested steps to follow for selecting
Choose two or three of the remaining hybrids
top performing hybrids for next year using these
that have relatively high PIs for both 2011 and
trial results:
2012.
b. Check to see if the hybrids you have chosen
1. Use multi-location average data in shaded
areas. Consider single location results with were entered in other zones. (For example,
some hybrids entered in the Southern Zone
extreme caution.
Trials, Tables 7 and 8, are also entered in the
2. Begin with trials in the zone(s) nearest you.
South Central Zone Trials, Tables 9 and 10.)
3. Compare hybrids with similar maturities within
c. Be wary of any hybrids with a PI of 100 or
a trial. You will need to divide most trials into
lower for 2011 or 2012 in any other zones.
at least two and sometimes three groups with
6. Repeat this procedure with about three maturity
similar average harvest moisture—within about a
groups to select top-performing hybrids with a
2% range in moisture.
range in maturity in order to spread weather risks
4. Make a list of five to 10 hybrids with highest
and harvest time.
2012 performance index within each maturity
group within a trial.
Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2012 3
7. Observe the relative performance of the hybrids 9. Remember that you don’t know what weather
you have chosen based on these trial results conditions (rainfall, temperature) will be like
in several other reliable, unbiased trials and be next year. Therefore, the most reliable way to
wary of any with inconsistent performance. choose hybrids with greatest chance to perform
best next year on your farm is to consider
8. Consider including the hybrids you have chosen
performance in both 2011 and 2012 over a wide
in your own test plot, primarily to evaluate the
range of locations and climatic conditions.
way hybrids stand after maturity, dry-down rate,
grain quality, or ease of combine shelling or
picking. Note: You are taking a tremendous gamble if you
make hybrid selection decisions based on 2012
yield comparisons in only one or two local test
plots.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Current and past versions of Wisconsin Corn the most current version of Wisconsin Corn Hybrid
Hybrid Performance Trials (A3653) are available Performance Trials (A3653) can be ordered or
in Microsoft Excel and Acrobat PDF formats at the downloaded.
Wisconsin Corn Agronomy website:
corn.agronomy.wisc.edu. For more information on the Wisconsin Crop
Improvement Association, visit: wcia.wisc.edu.
To obtain a printed copy, visit UW-Extension’s
Learning Store at learningstore.uwex.edu, where
4 Wisconsin Corn Hybrid Performance Trials—2012
Table 1. Companies included in the 2012 trials.
Brand Company Address City State Zip Website
AgriGold AgriGold Hybrids 5381 Akin Road St. Francisville IL 62460 agrigold.com
Blue River Hybirds Blue River Hybrids 27087 Timber Road Kelley IA 50134 blueriverorgseed.com
Carharts Blue Top Carharts Blue Top Seed, Inc N 14743 County Rd. M Galesville WI 54630
Catalyst Burrus Bros and AssocGrowers 206 N Hughes Road Woodstock IL 60098 hugheshyrbids.com
Channel Channel 1525 McAllister Ct. Sycamore IL 60178 channelbio.com
Cornelius Cornelius Seed 14760 317th Ave Bellevue IA 52031 corneliusseed.com
Croplan Genetics Winfield Solutions W 14024 West Point Drive Prairie Du Sac WI 53578 answerplot.com
Dahlman Dahlman Seed Co. 73504 200th Street Dassel MN 55325 dahlmanseed.com
Dairyland Dairyland Seed P.O. Box 958 West Bend WI 53095 dairylandseed.com
Dekalb Monsanto W 153 Archer Drive Fremont WI 54940
Foundation Direct Foundation Direct Seeds 634 13th Avenue North Onalaska WI 54650
Foundation Organic Foundation Organic Seeds 634 13th Avenue North Onalaska WI 54650
FS InVision Growmark, Inc 1701 Towanda Ave Bloomington IL 61701 fsseeds.com
G2 Genetics Nu Tech Seed, LLC 2321 North Loop Drive, Suite 230 Ames IA 50010 yieldleader.com
Garst Syngenta Seeds, Inc W4166 County Road H Pine River WI 54965 syngenta.com
Golden Harvest Syngenta Seeds, Inc W4166 County Road H Pine River WI 54965 syngenta.com
Great Lakes Great Lakes Hybrids 9915 West M-21 Hwy Ovid MI 48866 greatlakeshybrids.com
Hughes Burrus Bros and AssocGrowers 206 N. Hughes Road Woodstock IL 60098 hugheshybrids.com
Jung Jung Seed Genetics 341 S High Street Randolph WI 53956 jungseedgenetics.com
Kussmaul Kussmaul Seed Co. 9020 Hwy 18 Mt. Hope WI 53816 kussmaulseeds.com
LG Seeds LG Seeds 22827 Shissler Road Elmwood IL 61529 lgseeds.com
Legacy Seeds Legacy Seeds, Inc 290 Depot St, P.O. Box 68 Scandinavia WI 54977 legacyseeds.com
Legend Seeds Legend Seeds P.O. Box 241 De Smet SD 57231 legendseeds.net
Lemke Lemke Seed Farms, Inc 10220 N. Granville Rd. 107 W Mequon WI 53097 lemkeseed.com
Masters Choice Masters Choice, Inc 3010 State Rt 146 E Anna IL 62906 seedcorn.com
Munson Munson Hybrids 1262 Knox Rd 100 E Galesburg IL 61401 munsonhybrids.com
Mycogen Mycogen Seeds 9330 Zionsville Road Indianapolis IN 46268 mycogen.com
NK Brand Syngenta Seeds, Inc W4166 County Road H Pine River WI 54965 syngenta.com
Nu Tech Nu Tech Seed, LLC 2321 North Loop Drive, Suite 230 Ames IA 50010 yieldleader.com
O'Brien O'Brien Farms, Inc 552 Glenway Road Brooklyn WI 53521 obrienhybrids.com
Partners in Production Partners in Production, LLC P.O. Box 777 Sun Prairie WI 53590
Pip/Steyer Partners in Production, LLC P.O. Box 777 Sun Prairie WI 53590
Pilgrim Elk Mound Seed 308 Railroad Ave Elk Mound WI 54739 elkmoundseed.com
Pioneer Pioneer Hi-Bred Int'l, Inc 151 St. Andrews Ct. Suite 910 Mankato MN 56001 pioneer.com
Power Plus Burrus Bros and AssocGrowers 206 N. Hughes Road Woodstock IL 60098 hugheshybirds.com
Prairie Brand Prairie Brand Seeds, LLC 11261 U.S. Hwy 69 Story City IA 50248 prairiebrandseed.com
Prairie Hybrids Prairie Hybrids Seeds 27445 Hurd Road Deer Grove IL 61243
Renk Renk Seed Co. 6809 Wilburn Road Sun Prairie WI 53590 renkseed.com
Spectrum Spectrum Seed Solutions P.O. Box 271 Darlington IN 47940 spectrumseed.com
Trelay Trelay Seeds 11623 Hwy 80 Livingston WI 53554 trelay.com
UW UW Agronomy 1575 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706
Unity Seeds Unity Seeds, LLC 3589 Sagamore Pkwy N Ste 280 Lafayette IN 47904 unityseeds.com
Viking Albert Lea Seed 1414 W. Main St./P.O. Box 127 Albert Lea MN 56007 alseed.com
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