WIRELESS TRANSCEIVER DESIGN WIRELESS TRANSCEIVER DESIGN Mastering the Design of Modern Wireless Equipment and Systems Ariel Luzzatto and Gadi Shirazi Copyright2007 JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester, WestSussexPO198SQ,England Telephone(+44)1243779777 Email(forordersandcustomerserviceenquiries):[email protected] VisitourHomePageonwww.wiley.com AllRightsReserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedin anyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanningorotherwise,exceptunderthe termsoftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988orunderthetermsofalicenceissuedbytheCopyright LicensingAgencyLtd,90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP,UK,withoutthepermissioninwritingofthe Publisher.RequeststothePublishershouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&SonsLtd, TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussexPO198SQ,England,[email protected],or faxedto(+44)1243770620. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnamesand productnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheir respectiveowners.ThePublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook. Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubjectmatter covered.ItissoldontheunderstandingthatthePublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.If professionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. OtherWileyEditorialOffices JohnWiley&SonsInc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA Jossey-Bass,989MarketStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94103-1741,USA Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH,Boschstr.12,D-69469Weinheim,Germany JohnWiley&SonsAustraliaLtd,42McDougallStreet,Milton,Queensland4064,Australia JohnWiley&Sons(Asia)PteLtd,2ClementiLoop#02-01,JinXingDistripark,Singapore129809 JohnWiley&SonsCanadaLtd,6045FreemontBlvd,Mississauga,ONT,L5R4J3,Canada Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappears inprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-0-470-06076-6(HB) Typesetin11/13ptTimesbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India. PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyAntonyRoweLtd,Chippenham,Wiltshire. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestry inwhichatleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction. To my wife Efrat for her support and love Ariel Luzzatto To my wife Iris, and our children, Eran and Omer for their support and love Gadi Shirazi Contents Preface xiii About the Authors xvii Abbreviations xix 1 Modern Transceiver Architectures 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Receiver Architectures 2 1.2.1 Superheterodyne Receiver (SHR) 3 1.2.1.1 SHR Highlights 3 1.2.1.2 Quadrature (IQ) Modulation Highlights 6 1.2.1.3 SHR Outlook 12 1.2.2 Direct Conversion Receiver (DCR) 12 1.2.2.1 DCR Highlights 13 1.2.2.2 DCR Outlook 13 1.2.3 Very Low IF Receiver (VLIF) 14 1.2.3.1 VLIF Highlights 14 1.2.3.2 Complex Polyphase Filter Highlights 15 1.2.3.3 VLIF Outlook 18 1.3 Transmitter Architectures 18 1.3.1 Two-Step Conversion Transmitter (TSCT) 19 1.3.1.1 TSCT Highlights 20 1.3.1.2 TSCT Outlook 20 1.3.2 Direct Launch Transmitter (DLT) 21 1.3.2.1 DLT Highlights 21 1.3.2.2 DLT Outlook 22 1.3.3 Direct FM Transmitter (DFMT) 22 1.3.3.1 DFMT Highlights 23 1.3.3.2 DFMT Outlook 24 1.3.4 Dual-Port Direct FM Transmitter (DDFMT) 24 1.3.4.1 DDFMT Highlights 24 1.3.4.2 DDFMT Outlook 25 viii Contents 1.4 Transceiver Architectures 25 1.4.1 Full-Duplex CDMA/FDMA Architectures 26 1.4.1.1 Full-Duplex Highlights 27 1.4.1.2 Full-Duplex Outlook 28 1.4.2 Half-Duplex/TDMA Architectures 28 1.4.2.1 Half-Duplex Highlights 30 1.4.2.2 Half-Duplex Outlook 30 1.4.3 Simplex/TDD Architectures 30 1.4.3.1 Simplex Highlights 32 1.4.3.2 Simplex Outlook 32 1.4.4 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Systems 32 2 Receiving Systems 35 2.1 Sensitivity 35 2.1.1 Computation of Sensitivity 36 2.1.1.1 Computation of SHR Sensitivity 36 2.1.1.2 Computation of DCR Sensitivity 38 2.1.1.3 Computation of VLIF Sensitivity 39 2.1.2 Measurement of Sensitivity 39 2.2 Co-Channel Rejection 40 2.2.1 Computation of Co-Channel Rejection 41 2.2.2 Measurement of Co-Channel Rejection 41 2.3 Selectivity 42 2.3.1 Computation of Selectivity 43 2.3.1.1 Computation of SHR Selectivity 46 2.3.1.2 Computation of DCR Selectivity 47 2.3.1.3 Computation of VLIF Selectivity 48 2.3.2 Measurement of Selectivity 49 2.4 Intermodulation Rejection 49 2.4.1 Computation of Intermodulation Rejection 50 2.4.2 Measurement of Intermodulation Rejection 51 2.5 Half-IF Rejection 53 2.5.1 Computation of Half-IF Rejection 54 2.5.2 Measurement of Half-IF Rejection 55 2.6 Image Rejection 56 2.6.1 Computation of Image Rejection 57 2.6.2 Measurement of Image Rejection 57 2.7 Second-Order Distortion Rejection 58 2.7.1 Computation of Second-Order Distortion Rejection 58 2.7.2 Measurement of Second-Order Distortion Rejection 59