Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks for Smart Cities

170 Pages·2018·5.7 MB·English

by  Burak Kantarci (editor), Sema Oktug (editor)

Journal of
Sensor and
Actuator Networks
Wireless Sensor
and Actuator
Networks for
Smart Cities
Edited by
Burak Kantarci and Sema Oktug
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in
Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks
www.mdpi.com/journal/jsan
Wireless Sensor and Actuator
Networks for Smart Cities

Wireless Sensor and Actuator
Networks for Smart Cities
SpecialIssueEditors
BurakKantarci
SemaOktug
MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade
SpecialIssueEditors
BurakKantarci SemaOktug
UniversityofOttawa IstanbulTechnicalUniversity
Canada Turkey
EditorialOffice
MDPI
St.Alban-Anlage66
4052Basel,Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal
JournalofSensorandActuatorNetworks (ISSN 2224-2708) in 2018 (available at: https://www.mdpi.
com/journal/jsan/specialissues/wirelesssmartcities)
Forcitationpurposes,citeeacharticleindependentlyasindicatedonthearticlepageonlineandas
indicatedbelow:
LastName,A.A.; LastName,B.B.; LastName,C.C.ArticleTitle. JournalNameYear,ArticleNumber,
PageRange.
ISBN978-3-03897-423-9(Pbk)
ISBN978-3-03897-424-6(PDF)
(cid:2)c 2018bytheauthors. ArticlesinthisbookareOpenAccessanddistributedundertheCreative
Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon
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Contents
AbouttheSpecialIssueEditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
BurakKantarciandSemaF.Oktug
SpecialIssue:WirelessSensorandActuatorNetworksforSmartCities
Reprintedfrom:JournalofSensorandActuatorNetworks2018,7,49,doi:10.3390/jsan7040049 . . . 1
AugustoCiuffoletti
Low-CostIoT:AHolisticApproach
Reprintedfrom:JournalofSensorandActuatorNetworks2018,7,19,doi:10.3390/jsan7020019 . . . 6
AdilHilmani,AbderrahimMaizateandLarbiHassouni
DesigningandManagingaSmartParkingSystemUsingWirelessSensorNetworks
Reprintedfrom:JournalofSensorandActuatorNetworks2018,7,24,doi:10.3390/jsan7020024 . . . 25
NargisKhan,JelenaMisˇic´andVojislavB.Misˇic´
Priority-BasedMachine-To-MachineOverlayNetworkoverLTEforaSmartCity
Reprintedfrom:JournalofSensorandActuatorNetworks2018,7,27,doi:10.3390/jsan7030027 . . . 45
AhmedOmara,DamlaGulen,BurakKantarciandSemaF.Oktug
Trajectory-Assisted Municipal Agent Mobility: A Sensor-Driven Smart Waste Management
System
Reprintedfrom:JournalofSensorandActuatorNetworks2018,7,29,doi:10.3390/jsan7030029 . . . 67
ShunChiba,TomoMiyazaki,YoshihiroSugayaandShinichiroOmachi
ActivityRecognitionUsingGazedTextandViewpointInformationforUserSupportSystems
Reprintedfrom:JournalofSensorandActuatorNetworks2018,7,31,doi:10.3390/jsan7030031 . . . 96
Faisal Arafsha, Christina Hanna, Ahmed Aboualmagd, Sarah Fraser and Abdulmotaleb
ElSaddik
InstrumentedWirelessSmartInsoleSystemforMobileGaitAnalysis: AValidationPilotStudy
withTekscanStrideway
Reprintedfrom:JournalofSensorandActuatorNetworks2018,7,36,doi:10.3390/jsan7030036 . . . 107
HimanshuSharma,AhteshamulHaqueandZainulAbdinJaffery
ModelingandOptimisationofaSolarEnergyHarvestingSystemforWirelessSensorNetwork
Nodes
Reprintedfrom:JournalofSensorandActuatorNetworks2018,7,40,doi:10.3390/jsan7030040 . . . 123
ShazaHanif,AhmedM.KhedrandZaherAlAghbari,DharmaP.Agrawal
Opportunistically Exploiting Internet of Things for Wireless Sensor Network Routing in
SmartCities
Reprintedfrom:JournalofSensorandActuatorNetworks2018,7,46,doi:10.3390/jsan7040046 . . . 142
v

About the Special Issue Editors
BurakKantarci, Dr., Asst. Professor: BurakKantarciisanAssistantProfessorwiththeSchoolof
ElectricalEngineeringandComputerScienceattheUniversityofOttawa.From2014to2016,hewas
an assistant professor at the ECE Department at Clarkson University, where he currently holds a
courtesyappointment. Dr. KantarcireceivedhisM.Sc. andPh.D.degreesincomputerengineering
fromIstanbulTechnicalUniversity,in2005and2009,respectively.DuringhisPh.D.study,hestudied
asaVisitingScholarattheUniversityofOttawa. Hehasco-authoredover150papersinestablished
journals and conferences and contributed to 12 book chapters. He is the Co-Editor of the book
Communication Infrastructures for Cloud Computing. He has served as the Technical Program
Co-Chairofteninternationalconferences/symposia/workshops.HehasbeenthePI/co-PIofseveral
federally/provincially funded research projects supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering
ResearchCouncilofCanada(NSERC),U.S.NationalScienceFoundation(NSF),andOntarioCentres
ofExcellence(OCE).HeisanAssociate/AreaEditorofIEEECommunicationsSurveysandTutorials,
IEEEAccess,IEEETransactionsonGreenCommunicationsandNetworking. Healsoservesasthe
ChairoftheIEEEComSocCommunicationSystemsIntegrationandModelingTechnicalCommittee.
HeisaseniormemberoftheIEEEandamemberoftheACM.
Sema Oktug, Dr., Professor: Sema Oktug is a Professor with the Department of Computer
Engineering,IstanbulTechnicalUniversity. ShealsoservesastheDeanoftheFacultyofComputer
andInformaticsEngineering,IstanbulTechnicalUniversity. ShereceivedherB.Sc.,M.Sc.,andPh.D.
degreesincomputerengineeringfromBogaziciUniversity,Istanbul,Turkey,in1987,1989,and1996,
respectively. She was a postdoc researcher in the Department of Electrical Engineering at New
YorkPoly(currently,PolytechnicInstituteofNYU)in1996. Herresearchinterestsareinmodeling
and analysis of communication networks, wireless networks, low power WANs, and smart city
applications. She is the author of more than 100 journal and conference papers. She is also the
partner/leader/coordinator/researcheroftheinternationalandnationalresearchprojectsfundedby
EU,CNRS,TUBITAK,IstanbulTechnicalUniversity,andotherdistinguishedorganizations. Sheisa
memberoftheIEEECommunicationsSociety.
vii

Journal of
Sensor and
Actuator Networks
Editorial
Special Issue: Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks
for Smart Cities
BurakKantarci1,*,† andSemaF.Oktug2,*,†
1 SchoolofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,UniversityOttawa,Ottawa,ONK1N6N5,Canada
2 DepartmentofComputerEngineering,FacultyofComputerandInformaticsEngineering,Istanbul
TechnicalUniversity,34469Istanbul,Turkey
* Correspondence:[email protected](B.K.);[email protected](S.F.O.);
Tel.:[phone](ext.6955)(B.K.);[phone](S.F.O.)
† Allauthorscontributedequallytothiswork.
Received:14November2018;Accepted:15November2018;Published:17November2018
1.Introduction
Our lives are being transformed by the interplay between mobile networks, wireless
communications, and artificial intelligence. This transformation is an outcome of the emerging
InternetofThings(IoT)concept,andtheadvancementsincomputerarchitecturesthattranslateinto
highcomputingpower,high-performanceprocessing,andhugememorycapacities.Inadditiontothe
IoT,asaverycloseconcept,cyber–physicalsystemstargetseamlessintegrationofphysicalsystems
withcomputingandcommunicationresources.Furthermore,inurbanareas,theintegrationofthe
“software-definedsensornetworks”and“sensingasaservice”conceptswithlegacyWirelessSensor
Network(WSN)-basedsystemsisleadingtothetransformationofconventionalcityservicestowards
smartcities.
Smartenergy,smartdriving,smarthomes,smartliving,smartgovernance,andsmarthealth
arejustafewservicesthatcanbeofferedbysmartcities. Furthermore,whiletheseconceptsare
majorapplicationareas, smartcitizensclosetheloopbyparticipatinginsensing, actuating, and
decision-makingprocesses.Insmartcities,legacyWSN-basedservicesareextendedbyhavingcitizens
thatactassensors. Opportunisticorparticipatorysensingmodelsenablegroupsofindividualsto
collaborativelyworktowardthesamegoalwithstronginteractionlinks,eventhoughthisdoesnot
alwaysrequirestrongsociallinksbetweenthem.Thus,dedicatedandnondedicatedwirelesssensors
formcommunities,andcollaboratingcommunitiesformsocialnetworkswhereinteractioncanoccur
intheformofsoftware-definedsensing.ThistransformationinWSNsintroducesuniquesolutionsfor
thecommunicationplaneofsmartcities.
Inadditiontocommunication-planechallenges,smartenvironmentsrequireIoTandWSNsensors
toreportmassiveamountsofunstructureddatainaheterogeneousformat,which,inturn,leadstothe
bigsenseddataphenomenon.Additionally,addressingthehighvolumebyeffectivemachine-learning
ordata-miningtechniques, noveldata-acquisitionand-processingmethodologiesforbigsensed
dataareemergentinordertoaddressthehigh-velocity,-variety,and-veracityaspects. Moreover,
inordertoeffectivelyoffersmart-cityservices,itisviabletoenvisionamassiveamountofconnected
wireless/wiredsensors/IoTdevices. Thus,scalabilityremainsanopenissuewhenintegratingthe
componentsofasmartcitythatarementionedabove.Whileensuringthescalabilityandconnectivityof
thisinfrastructureremainsanopenissue,thebatterylimitationofwirelesssensorsisagreatchallenge,
especiallyintime-sensitiveservicesinsmartcities.
InthisSpecialIssue,wesoughtcontributionsthatfocusonnovelsolutionsforWirelessSensor
and Actuator Networks (WSANs) in smart cities. The Special Issue has had contributions from
academicandindustryresearchersincomputerscienceandengineering,electricalengineeringand
communicationengineering,aswellasICTindustryengineersandpractitioners.Thecontributions
J.Sens.ActuatorNetw.2018,7,49;doi:10.3390/jsan7040049 1 www.mdpi.com/journal/jsan