Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology 13th Edition Editors Editors John Foerster MD, FRCPC John P. Greer MD Professor and Physician Emeritus Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Professor Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics Contributors Divisions of Hematology/Oncology Darryl J. Adamko, MD, FRCPC Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Daniel A. Arber MD University of Saskatchewan Professor and Vice Chair Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Department of Pathology Canada Stanford University Archana M. Agarwal, MD Director of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology Services Stanford University Medical Center Assistant Professor Stanford, California Department of Pathology University of Utah Bertil Glader MD, PhD Medical Director Professor Special Genetics Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology ARUP Laboratories Stanford University Medical Center Salt Lake City, Utah Stanford, California Blanche P. Alter, MD, MPH Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Palo Alto, California Senior Clinician Clinical Genetics Branch Alan F. List MD Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Senior Member National Cancer Institute Department of Malignant Hematology Rockville, Maryland President and CEO Claudio Anasetti, MD Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa, Florida Professor Oncologic Sciences Robert T. Means, Jr., MD University of South Florida Professor of Internal Medicine Senior Member Executive Dean Department Chair University of Kentucky College of Medicine Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Lexington, Kentucky H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa, Florida Frixos Paraskevas MD Stephen M. Ansell, MD, PhD Professor of Internal Medicine and Immunology (Retired) Professor of Medicine University of Manitoba Medical School Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Associate Member Consultant Institute of Cell Biology—Cancer Care Manitoba Division of Hematology Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic George M. Rodgers MD, PhD Rochester, Minnesota Professor of Medicine and Pathology Daniel A. Arber, MD University of Utah School of Medicine Health Sciences Center Professor and Vice Chair Medical Director, Coagulation Laboratory Department of Pathology ARUP Laboratories Stanford University Salt Lake City, Utah Director of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology Services 1 Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology 13th Edition Stanford University Medical Center Professor Stanford, California Department of Medicine University of Alberta Robert J. Arceci, MD, PhD Edmonton, Alberta Professor Canada Department of Pediatric Oncology P. Leif Bergsagel, MD Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland Professor College of Medicine Donald M. Arnold, MD, MSc Mayo Clinic Medical School Associate Professor Rochester, Minnesota Department of Medicine Department of Hematology/Oncology McMaster University Mayo Clinic Associate Medical Director Phoenix, Arizona Medical Affairs Nancy Berliner, MD Canadian Blood Services Hamilton, Ontario Professor Canada Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Maria R. Baer, MD Chief Professor Division of Hematology Department of Medicine Department of Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Director Boston, Massachusetts Hematologic Malignancies Kristie A. Blum, MD University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center Associate Professor Baltimore, Maryland Division of Hematology, Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Charles D. Bangs, BS The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Cytogenetics Laboratory Supervisor Columbus, Ohio Clinical Laboratories Caterina Borgna-Pignatti, MD Stanford Hospital and Clinics Palo Alto, California Full Professor of Pediatrics Clinical and Experimental Medicine Kirstin F. Barnhart, DVM, PhD, DACVP University of Ferrara Principal Pathologist Chief AbbVie, Inc. Department of Pediatrics Preclinical Safety Arcispedale Sant'Anna North Chicago, Illinois Ferrara, Italy James C. Barton, MD Linette Bosques, MPhil Clinical Professor of Medicine PhD Candidate Department of Medicine Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham Yale School of Medicine Medical Director New Haven, Connecticut Southern Iron Disorders Center Sylvia S. Bottomley, MD Brookwood Medical Center Birmingham, Alabama Professor Emeritus of Medicine Department of Medicine Minoo Battiwalla, MD, MS University of Oklahoma College of Medicine Staff Clinician, Hematology Branch Staff Physician National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Medical Service National Institutes of Health VA Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland Oklahoma City, Oklahoma A. Dean Befus, PhD Robert A. Brodsky, MD 2 Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology 13th Edition Professor of Medicine and Oncology Barnes Jewish Hospital Division of Hematology St. Louis, Missouri Department of Medicine Athena M. Cherry, PhD Director Division of Hematology Professor Johns Hopkins University Department of Pathology Baltimore, Maryland Stanford University School of Medicine Cytogenetics Laboratory Director Kathleen E. Brummel-Ziedins, PhD Clinical Laboratories Associate Professor Stanford Hospital and Clinics Department of Biochemistry Stanford, California University of Vermont Andrew Chow, BA Burlington, Vermont MD-PhD Candidate Francis K. Buadi, MD, ChB Stem Cell Institute Assistant Professor Albert Einstein College of Medicine Consultant Hematologist New York, New York Department of Internal Medicine Robert D. Christensen, MD Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Director of Neonatology Research Women and Newborn Services David C. Calverley, MD Intermountain Healthcare Associate Professor of Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology Matthew Collin, BM, BCh, DPhil, FRCPath Oregon Health and Science University Portland, Oregon Professor of Hematology Institute of Cellular Medicine Ralph Carmel, MD Newcastle University Professor of Medicine Consultant Hematologist Department of Medicine Northern Centre for Cancer Care Weill Cornell Medical College Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals New York, New York Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom Director of Research Steven E. Coutre, MD Department of Medicine New York Methodist Hospital Professor of Medicine (Hematology) Brooklyn, New York Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Howard H. W. Chan, MBChB, FRCP(C), MSC Stanford Cancer Center Assistant Professor Stanford, California Department of Medicine Utpal P. Davé, MD McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Assistant Professor Canada Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology Karen L. Chang, MD Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Physician-in-Charge Attending Physician Histology/Immunohistochemistry Department of Medicine/Division of Kaiser Permanente Southern California Regional Hematology/Oncology Laboratory Tennessee Valley Health Systems VA North Hollywood, California Nashville, Tennessee William C. Chapman, MD Michael W. N. Deininger, MD, PhD Professor of Surgery M.M. Wintrobe Professor of Medicine Department of Surgery Chief, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Washington University—St. Louis Malignancies Attending/Chief of Surgery Department of Internal Medicine Department of Surgery 3 Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology 13th Edition University of Utah/Huntsman Cancer Institute Cynthia E. Dunbar, MD Salt Lake City, Utah Senior Investigator and Section Head Judah A. Denburg, MD, FRCPC Hematology Branch The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute William J. Walsh Professor of Medicine National Institutes of Health Department of Medicine Bethesda, Maryland McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Anne F. Eder, MD, PhD Canada Executive Medical Officer Robert J. Desnick, PhD, MD National Headquarters, Biomedical Services American Red Cross Dean for Genetic and Genomic Medicine Rockville, Maryland Professor and Chairman Emeritus Genetic and Genomic Adjunct Assistant Professor Sciences Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Mount Sinai School Medicine Georgetown University School of Medicine Physician-in-Chief Washington, D.C. Genetics and Genomic Medicine Mount Sinai Hospital Corwin Q. Edwards, MD New York, New York Professor of Medicine David Dingli, MD, PhD Department of Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine Professor of Medicine Director of Graduate Medical Education Hematology and Internal Medicine Intermountain Medical Center and LDS Hospital Mayo Clinic Salt Lake City, Utah College of Medicine Consultant, Hematology Ashkan Emadi, MD, PhD Mayo Clinic Associate Professor Rochester, Minnesota Department of Medicine Angela Dispenzieri, MD Division of Hematology/Oncology Leukemia and Hematologic Malignancies Professor of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Medicine Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center Mayo College of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Stephen J. Everse, PhD Ahmet Dogan, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry Professor of Pathology University of Vermont Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Burlington, Vermont Mayo Medical School Consultant Rafael Fonseca, MD Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Professor of Medicine Mayo Clinic Hematology/Oncology Rochester, Minnesota Mayo Clinic M.B. Majella Doyle, MD Scottsdale, Arizona Assistant Professor of Surgery Magali J. Fontaine, MD, PhD Department of Surgery Assistant Professor Washington University—St. Louis Department of Pathology Attending, Department of Surgery Stanford University Barnes Jewish Hospital Associate Medical Director St. Louis, Missouri Department of Pathology, Transfusion Service P.ix Stanford, California Haydar Frangoul, MD 4 Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology 13th Edition Professor Associate Professor Director Department of Pathology Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program Stanford University Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Stanford, California Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Director of Clinical Operations Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt Stanford Blood Center Nashville, Tennessee Palo Alto, California Paul S. Frenette, MD Patrick G. Gallagher, MD Chair and Director Professor Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Department of Pediatrics and Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Yale University School of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Attending Physician New York, New York Yale—New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Richard C. Friedberg, MD, PhD Jacob R. Garcia, MD Professor and Deputy Chairman Department of Pathology Associate Hematologist/Oncologist Pediatric Tufts University School of Medicine Western Campus Hematology/Oncology Chair Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland Department of Pathology Oakland, California Baystate Medical Center Guillermo Garcia-Manero, MD Springfield, Massachusetts Professor Debra L. Friedman, MD, MS Department of Leukemia Associate Professor University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Pediatrics Houston, Texas Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Amy E. Geddis, MD, PhD Director, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt Associate Professor Nashville, Tennessee Pediatric Hematology/Oncology University of Southern California, San Diego Michael M. Fry, DVM, MS, DACVP Rady Children's Hospital San Diego Associate Professor San Diego, California Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Tracy I. George, MD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee Associate Professor of Pathology Chief, Hematopathology Division Vijayakrishna K. Gadi, MD, PhD Director, Hematopathology Fellowship Assistant Member University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Clinical Research Division Albuquerque, New Mexico Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Morie A. Gertz, MD, MACP Assistant Professor Medical Oncology Professor and Chair University of Washington Department of Medicine Seattle, Washington Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Renzo Galanello, MD P.x Professor of Pediatrics Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies University of Cagliari Head, 2nd Pediatric Clinic Spencer B. Gibson, PhD Thalassemia Unit Professor Cagliari, Italy Biochemistry and Medical Genetics Susan A. Galel, MD Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology University of Manitoba 5 Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology 13th Edition Provincial Director of Research Department of Internal Medicine Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute Winnipeg, Manitoba Columbus, Ohio Canada Thomas G. Gross, MD, PhD Bertil Glader, MD, PhD Professor Professor Department of Pediatrics Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology The Ohio State University Medical Center Stanford University Medical Center Gordon Teter Chair for Pediatric Cancer Stanford, California Hematology/Oncology/BMT Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Nationwide Children's Hospital Palo Alto, California Columbus, Ohio Christopher L. Gonzalez, MD Roy M. Gulick, MD Assistant Clinical Professor Professor Department of Pathology Department of Medicine Assistant Medical Director Chief, Division of Infectious Disease Stanford Blood Center Weill Cornell Medical College Stanford University New York, New York Palo Alto, California Kenneth R. Hande, MD Lawrence T. Goodnough, MD Professor Professor Departments of Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Pathology and Medicine Division of Division of Hematology/Oncology Hematology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Stanford University Nashville, Tennessee Director Jane S. Hankins, MD, MS Transfusion Service Stanford University Medical Center Associate Member Stanford, California Hematology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Siamon Gordon, MB, ChB, PhD, FRS Memphis, Tennessee Glaxo Professor of Cellular Pathology Suzanne R. Hayman, MD Emeritus Sir William Dunn School of Pathology Assistant Professor of Medicine University of Oxford Department of Internal Medicine/Hematology Oxford, United Kingdom Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Consultant Jason Gotlib, MD, MS Department of Internal Medicine/Hematology Associate Professor of Medicine (Hematology) Mayo Clinic Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology Rochester, Minnesota Stanford University School of Medicine Nancy M. Heddle, MSc Stanford, California Professor John P. Greer, MD Department of Medicine Professor McMaster University Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics Hamilton, Ontario Divisions of Hematology/Oncology Canada Vanderbilt University Medical Center Derralynn A. Hughes, MA, DPhil, FRCP, FRCPath Nashville, Tennessee Senior Lecturer Michael R. Grever, MD Department of Haematology Professor University College London Department of Internal Medicine London, United Kingdom The Ohio State University Caron A. Jacobson, MD Chairman 6 Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology 13th Edition Instructor McMaster University Department of Medicine Hamilton, Ontario Harvard Medical School Canada Clinical Instructor P.xi Medical Oncology Division of Hematologic Malignancies Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Massachusetts Annette S. Kim, MD, PhD Madan Jagasia, MBBS, MS Assistant Professor Associate Professor Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Department of Medicine Immunology Division of Hematology/Oncology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Section Chief, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Nashville, Tennessee Vanderbilt University Medical Center Rami Komrokji, MD Nashville, Tennessee Clinical Director Vandita P. Johari, MD Associate Member Assistant Professor Department of Malignant Hematology Department of Pathology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute Tufts University School of Medicine Tampa, Florida Western Campus Ashish Kumar, MD, PhD Chief, Clinical Pathology Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pathology Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Baystate Health Deficiency Springfield, Massachusetts University of Cincinnati College of Medicine James B. Johnston, MD Staff Physician Professor Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Department of Internal Medicine Deficiency University of Manitoba Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute Hematologist/Oncologist Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Cincinnati, Ohio CancerCare Manitoba Shaji Kumar, MD Winnipeg, Manitoba Professor of Medicine Canada Division of Hematology Dan Jones, PhD Mayo Clinic Medical Director Rochester, Minnesota Cancer Diagnostics Thomas J. Kunicki, PhD Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute Senior Scientist II Chantilly, Virginia Department of Hematology Research Adetola A. Kassim, MD CHOC Children's Hospital Associate Professor University of California—Irvine Department of Medicine Orange, California Division of Hematology/Oncology Gary M. Kupfer, MD Vanderbilt University Medical Center Professor Nashville, Tennessee Department of Pediatrics John G. Kelton, MD Yale School of Medicine Dean and Vice President Chief, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Pediatrics Professor Yale New Haven Children's Hospital Department of Pathology and Molecular New Haven Connecticut Medicine and Department of Medicine Paul J. Kurtin, MD 7 Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology 13th Edition Professor of Pathology Fellow Mayo Medical School Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Oregon Health and Science University Mayo Clinic Portland, Oregon Rochester, Minnesota Jeffrey M. Lipton, MD, PhD Larry W. Kwak, MD, PhD Professor Professor and Chairman Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma Hofstra North Shore—LIJ School of Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Hempstead, New York Houston, Texas Chief Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Robert A. Kyle, MD Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center Professor of Medicine of New York Laboratory Medicine and Pathology New Hyde Park, New York Department of Internal Medicine Frederick L. Locke, MD Division of Hematology College of Medicine Assistant Professor Mayo Clinic Oncologic Sciences Rochester, Minnesota University of South Florida Assistant Member Paige Lacy, PhD Blood and Marrow Transplantation Associate Professor H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center Department of Medicine Tampa, Florida University of Alberta Mignon Lee-Chuen Loh, MD Edmonton, Alberta Canada Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Martha Q. Lacy, MD University of California Department of Hematology San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Mayo Clinic San Francisco, California Rochester, Minnesota John A. Lust, MD, PhD Jeffrey E. Lancet, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Associate Professor Mayo Clinic College of Medicine University of South Florida Consultant Section Chief—Leukemia Division of Hematology Associate Member of Malignant Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal Medicine H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute Mayo Clinic Tampa, Florida Rochester, Minnesota Andre Larochelle, MD, PhD William R. Macon, MD Principal Investigator, Hematology Branch Professor of Pathology The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Mayo Medical School National Institutes of Health Consultant Bethesda, Maryland Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Christopher M. Lehman, MD Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Professor (Clinical) Pathology Department University of Utah Suman Malempati, MD Medical Director of Hospital Laboratories Assistant Professor Pathology Department Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Health Care Oregon Health and Science University Salt Lake City, Utah Doernbecher Children's Hospital Meghan S. Liel, MD Portland, Oregon Kenneth G. Mann, PhD 8 Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology 13th Edition Professor Emeritus, Biochemistry University of Kentucky College of Medicine University of Vermont Lexington, Kentucky Burlington, Vermont Dean D. Metcalfe, MD P.xii Chief Laboratory of Allergic Diseases Division of Intramural Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Catherine A. Manno, MD National Institutes of Health Chair Bethesda, Maryland Department of Pediatrics Joseph R. Mikhael, MD Pat and John Rosenwald Professor of Pediatrics New York University Langone Medical Center Associate Professor New York, New York Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Peter Maslak, MD Scottsdale, Arizona Professor of Clinical Medicine Andrew J. Moore, MD Department of Internal Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College Clinical Fellow Chief Department of Medicine Hematology Laboratory Service Division of Hematology/Oncology Laboratory Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Nashville, Tennessee New York, New York Redwan Moqbel, PhD, FRCPath Thomas L. McCurley, MD Professor and Head Associate Clinical Professor Department of Immunology Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center University of Manitoba Nashville, Tennessee Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Laura Y. McGirt, MD David S. Morgan, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine/Dermatology Associate Professor Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee Nashville, Tennessee Margaret M. McGovern, MD, PhD William G. Morice, II MD, PhD Professor and Chair Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Stony Brook University School of Medicine Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education Physician in Chief Consultant Stony Brook Long Island Children's Hospital Division of Hematopathology Stony Brook, New York Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Kelly M. McNagny Rochester, Minnesota Professor Claudio A. Mosse, MD, PhD Medical Genetics The Biomedical Research Centre Assistant Professor of Pathology University of British Columbia Department of Pathology Vancouver, British Columbia Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Canada Chief of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Robert T. Means, Jr., MD Tennessee Valley Health Systems VA Professor of Internal Medicine Nashville, Tennessee Executive Dean 9
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