Winter 1991 USENIX Conference Proceedings

378 Pages·157 MB·English

by  USENIX Association

t
U S E N I X A s s o c i a t i o n
Proceedings of the
W i n t e r 1 9 9 1 U S E N I X C o n f e r e n c e
January 21 - January 25, 1991
Dallas, Texas, USA
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Past USENIX Technical Conferences
1990 Summer Anaheim 1986 Summer Atlanta
1990 Winter Washington, DC 1986 Winter Denver
1989 Summer Baltimore 1985 Summer Portland
1989 Winter San Diego 1985 Winter Dallas
1988 Summer San Francisco 1984 Summer Salt Lake City
1988 Winter Dallas 1984 Winter Washington, DC
1987 Summer Phoenix 1983 Summer Toronto
1987 Winter Washington, DC 1983 Winter San Diego
Copyright 1991 by The USENIX Association
All rights reserved.
This volume is published as a collective work.
Rights to individual papers remain with the author or the author's employer.
AIX is a registered trademark of Intematiooal Business Machines Corp.
Concenirix is a trademark of Alliant Computer Systems.
ConvexOS is a trademark of Convex Computer Corp.
Chorus is a registered trademark of Chorus systimes.
DECstation is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
Domain/OS is a trademark of Hew ctt-Packard.
i386 is a trademark of Intel Corp.
i486 is a trademark of Intel Corp.
i860 is a trademark of Intel Corp.
IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
InhniteStorage is a trademark of Epoch Systems, Inc.
MicroVAXII is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
Multimax is a trademark of Encore Computer Corporation.
MVS is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp.
Network File System is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
NFS is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Nhfsstone is a trademark of Legato Systems Inc.
OSF/1 is a trademark of the Open Software Foundation.
OSx is a registered trademark of Pyramid Technology Corp.
POSIX is a trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
PS/2 is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corp.
REAITIX is a trademark of Modular Computer Systems, Inc.
Renaissance is a trademark of Epoch Systems, Inc.
RISC System/6000 is a trademark of Intematiooal Business Machines Corporation.
RSTS is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corp.
RTU is a trademark of Concurrent Computer Corp.
SunOS is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
System/370 is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp.
System/390 is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp.
Ultrix is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
UNICOS is a registered trademark of Cray Research, Inc.
UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
UTS is a trademark of Amdahl Corp.
VAX is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
VMS is a trademark of Digita ^uipment Corp.
WE is a registered trademark of AT&T.
TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S
Preface vii
Program Committee viii
Author Index ix
PLENARY SESSION
W e d n e s d a y ( 9 : 0 0 - 1 0 : 3 0 ) C h a i r : L o r i G r o b
opening Remarks and Announcements
Lori S. Grob, Chorus systimes
Keynote Address: Graphics as Systems Programming
Eben Ostby, Pixar
Kernels I
Wednesday (11:00-12:30) Chair: Barry Gleeson
Processors, Priority, and Policy: Mach Scheduling for New Environments 1
David L. Black, Carnegie Mellon University
A Second-Generation Micro-Kernel Based UNIX; Lessons in Performance and Compatibility 13
Marc Guillernont, Jim Lipkis, Doug Orr, Marc Rozier, Chorus systemes
Partitioned Multiprocessors and The Coexistence of Heterogeneous Operating Systems 23
Nick Vasilatos, Concurrent Computer Corporation
File System Performance
W e d n e s d a y ( 2 : 0 0 - 3 : 3 0 ) C h a i r : T r e n t H e i n
Extent-like Performance from a UNIX File System 33
L. W. McVoy, S. R. Kleiman, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Smart Filesystems 45
Carl Staelin, Hector Garcia-Molina, Princeton University
Lessons Learned Tuning the 4.3BSD Reno Implementation of the NFS Protocol 53
Rick Macklem, University of Guelph
USENIX - Winter '91 - Dallas, TX Hi
Threads & Networks
Wednesday (4:00-5:30) Chair: Deborah Scherrer
SunOS Multi-thread Architecture 65
M. L. Powell, S. R. Kleiman, S. Barton, D. Shah, D. Stein, M. Weeks, Sun Microsystems
Inc.
Bringing the C Libraries With Us into a Multi-Threaded Future 81
Michael B. Jones, Carnegie Mellon University
A Tree-Based Packet Routing Table for Berkeley Unix 93
Keith Sklower, University of California, Berkeley
Interface Tools
T h u r s d a y ( 9 : 0 0 - 1 0 : 3 0 ) C h a i r : To m D u f f
An Xll Toolkit Based on the Tel Language 105
John K. Ousterhout, University of California at Berkeley
User Interface Construction Based On Parallel and Sequential Execution Specification 117
Toshiyuki Masui, Center for Machine Translation, Carnegie Mellon University
SHome Movie - Tools for Building Demos on a Sparcstation 127
Stephen A. Uhler, Bellcore
Awk Paper & Kernel Panel
T h u r s d a y ( 1 1 : 0 0 - 1 2 : 3 0 ) C h a i r : M a r c D o n n e r
Awk As A Major Systems Programming Language 137
Henry Spencer, University of Toronto
Panel: Kernel Directions
Michel Gien, Chorus systemes; Michael Karels, University of California, Berkeley; Mike
Powell, Sun Microsystems; Rick Rashid, Carnegie Mellon University
Marc Donner (Moderator), IBM Research
Programming Tools
T h u r s d a y ( 2 : 0 0 - 3 : 3 0 ) C h a i r : M a r c D o n n e r
Program Loading in OSF/1 145
Larry W. Allen, Harminder G. Singh, Kevin G. Wallace, Melanie B. Weaver, Open
Software Foundation
Compiling from Saved State: Fast Incremental Compilation with Traditional UNIX Compilers 161
Alastair Fyfe, Ivan Soleimanipour, Vijay Tatkar, Sun Microsystems
A New Hashing Package for UNIX 173
Margo Seltzer, University of California, Berkeley; Ozan Yigit, York University
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File Systems
T h u r s d a y ( 4 : 0 0 - 5 : 3 0 ) C h a i r : S t e v e B o u r n e
E v o l u t i o n a r y P a t h t o N e t w o r k S t o r a g e M a n a g e m e n t 1 8 5
Robert K. Israel, Antony W. Foster, Aran Taylor, Tracy M. Taylor, Neil Webber, Epoch
Systems, Inc.
A Highly Available Network File Server 199
Anupam Bhide, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center; Elmootazbellah N. Elnozahy, Rice
University; Stephen P. Morgan, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
The OSF/1 UNIX Filesystem (UFS) 207
Susan LoVerso, Noemi Paciorek, Alan Langerman, Encore Computer Corporation; George
Feinberg, Open Software Foundation
Objects in Action
F r i d a y ( 9 : 0 0 - 1 0 : 3 0 ) C h a i r : M i c h e l G i e n
Advancing Files to Attributed Software Objects 219
Andreas Lampen, Technische Universitdt Berlin
Organizing Tools in a Uniform Environment Framework 231
Axel Mahler, Technische Universitdt Berlin
The Process File System and Process Model in UNIX System V 243
Roger Faulkner, Sun Microsystems; Ron Comes, AT&J Bell Laboratories
Insecurity
F r i d a y ( 11 : 0 0 - 1 2 : 3 0 ) C h a i r : M i c h a e l K a r e l s
Limitations of the Kerberos Authentication System 253
Steven M. Bellovin, Michael Merritt, AT&T Bell Laboratories
UNIX Password Encryption Considered Insecure 269
Philip Leong, University of Sydney; Chris Tham, State Bank of Victoria
An Authentication Mechanism for USENET 281
Matt Bishop, Dartmouth College
Distributed File Systems Panel
F r i d a y ( 11 : 0 0 - 1 2 : 0 0 ) C h a i r : P e t e r H o n e y m a n
Distributed File Systems Panel
Rafael Alonso, Princeton University; Mike Kazar, Transarc; John Ousterhout, University
of California, Berkeley; Brian Palowski, Sun Microsystems
Peter Honeyman (Moderator), IPS, University of Michigan
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Kernels II
F r i d a y ( 2 : 0 0 - 3 : 3 0 ) C h a i r : J a n E d l e r
An Experimental Implementation of Draft POSIX Asynchronous I/O
A. Lester Buck, Robert A. Coyne, Jr., IBM Federal Sector Division, Houston
The Parallelizalion of UNIX System V Release 4.0
Mark Campbell, Richard Barton, Jim Browning, Dennis Cervenka, Ben Curry, Todd Davis,
Tracy Edmonds, Russ Holt, John Slice, Tucker Smith, Rich Wescott, NCR Corporation—
E&M Columbia
A NonStop UNIX Operating System
Peter Norwood, Tivoli Systems, Inc.
Distributed Processing
Friday (4:00-5:30) Chair: Max Meredith Vasilatos
DRUMS: A Distributed Statistical Server for STARS 335
Andy Bond, John H. Hine, Victoria University of Wellington
Experience Building a Process Migration Subsystem for UNIX 349
Dan Freedman, University of Calgary
A Modular Architecture for Distributed Transaction Processing 357
Michael Wayne Young, Dean S. Thompson, Elliot Jaffe, Transarc Corporation
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P R E F A C E
Over the last few years I have noticed a substantial change in the field of operating systems
development. I have found that ambitious systems that were formerly confined to universities and
research labs had escaped, if you like, and were turning up in offices and computer centers
everywhere.
These changes have affected my own life as well. I have found myself leaving the university
research environment to work in Europe for a commercial concern. USENIX also has changed over
the last few years. It has gone from a small organization of people doing UNIX development and
system programming to an organization of thousands of people from all over the world working on
all aspects of use, development and support of computers and workstations.
As an American living and working in Europe in 1989 and 1990, I have seen enormous changes
and these changes have had an impact on my thinking. When the time came to consider what kind
of conference I wanted this to be, I decided that I wanted it to reflect the sort of growth and change
that I have been speaking about.
The unofficial theme of this conference asks, "What's next?" We wanted to look beyond the
current standards battles and provide some insight to the questions of, "What kind of systems will I
be using in the next 20 years?", "Will it be UNIX as I know it, a direct descendent, or a distant
relation?", "What kinds of applications will I be running?"
In order to try and answer these questions we reached out and sought submissions on "futuristic"
operating systems and novel applications areas.
The response to the call for papers was impressive. We chose the papers to be presented from
among 84 submissions - which came from 14 different countries.
In order to further answer or perhaps further confuse the question of "What's next?", we are
presenting two panel sessions.
One panel session will debate and discuss the transitions that are taking place or appear to be taking
place from UNIX systems with large all-inclusive kernels to micro kernels. For this panel we were
lucky enough to persuade such experts as Michel Gien, Michael Karels, Michael Powell, and
Richard Rashid to appear on the panel. We were equally lucky to have Marc Donner to moderate
it.
The other panel session grew out of a discussion which started at the previous USENIX conference,
in Summer 1990. This panel will discuss the future of distributed file systems. We are happy to
have Rafael Alonso, Micheal Kazer, John Ousterhaut and Brian Pawlowski on the panel and again
equally happy to have Peter Honeyman to referee.
This conference also sees the further growth of the Concurrent Sessions - now called the Invited
Talks.
We are happy to have Eben Ostby of Pixar to give the keynote speech. As the majority of
attendees do not get to attend graphics or animation conferences we hoped that this might give
them some exposure to what is surely one of the most interesting uses of computers today.
There are too many people who have contributed their time and effort to this conference to thank
them all by name, but I would like to thank especially the following people: the Program
Committee who gave above and beyond the call of duty: Steve Bourne, Marc Donner, Tom Duff,
Jan Edler, Barry Gleeson, Michel Gien, Trent Hein, Andrew Hume, Michael J. Karels, Deborah K.
Scherrer, Melinda Shore, Max Meredith Vasilatos; Judy Deshamais and Ellie Young who gave
advice and encouragement, Trent Hein who made sure that it would be possible to have a
proceedings, Rob Kolstad for processing the pictures and macros, and the University of Colorado at
Boulder Crew (Brian Drake, Darren Hardy, Andy Kuo, Herb Morreale, and liaison Evi Nemeth)
who actually made it happen.
Lori S. Grob
Program Chair
USENIX Winter '91 - Dallas, TX
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T E C H N I C A L P R O G R A M C O M M I T T E E
Steve Bourne Andrew Hume
Sun Microsystems AT&T Bell Labs
Marc Donner Michael J. Karels
IBM Research UC Berkeley
Tom Duff Deborah K. Scherrer
AT&T Bell Labs mt Xinu
Jan Edier Melinda Shore
NYU Ultracomputer Research Lab mt Xinu
Barry J. Glecson Michel Gien
Unisys Corporation Chorus systimes
Lori Grob, Chair Max Meredith Vasilatos
Chorus systimes
Trent Hein
University of Colorado, Boulder
CONFERENCE ORGANIZERS PROCEEDINGS PRODUCTION
Lori Grob, Technical Program Chair Trent Hein, Proceedings Coordination
(Chorus systemes) (University of Colorado, Boulder)
Judith F. Deshamais, Meeting Planner Rob Kolstad, Pictures, Typesetting, & Macros
(USENIX Association) (Sun Microsystems)
Dan Klein, Tutorial Coordinator Brian Drake, Darren Hardy, Andy Kuo,
(USENIX Association) Herb Morreale, Typesetting
Sonya Neufer, Conference Computer Communications (University of Colorado, Boulder)
(Canstar, Inc.) Evi Nemeth, Liaison
Eve Podet, Conference Computer Communications
(University of Colorado, Boulder)
(mt Xinu)
USENIX - Winter '91 - Dallas, TX