Winning the SoC Revolution: Experiences in Real Design Winning the SoC Revolution: Experiences in Real Design Edited by: Grant Martin Cadence Labs & HenryChang Cadence Labs ~ Springer Ubrary of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicaHon Data Winning the SoC revolution: experlences In real design / edited by Grant Martin & Henry Chang. p. cm. Includes bibllographlcal references and Index. ISBN 978-1-4613-5042-2 ISBN 978-1-4615-0369-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-0369-9 1. Systems on a chip. 1. Martin. Grant (Grant Edmund) II. Chang. Henry. Tk7895.E42W56 2003 004. 16-dc21 2003051413 @ 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Springer Science+Business Media, inc. in 2003 AII rights reserved. Thls work may not be transtated or copled In whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly ana1ysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now know or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if the are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. 98765432 SPIN 11330752 springeronline.com Contents About the Editors Vll Acknowledgements IX Preface Xl 1. THE HISTORY OF THE SOC REVOLUTION GRANT MARTIN 2. SOC DESIGN METHODOLOGIES 21 HENRY CHANG 3. NON-TECHNICAL ISSUES IN SOC DESIGN 47 RON WILSON 4. THE PHILIPS NEXPERIA DIGITAL VIDEO PLATFORM 67 J. AUGUSTO DE OLIVEIRA AND HANS VAN ANTWERPEN 5. THE TI OMAPTM PLATFORM APPROACH TO SOC 97 PETER CUMMING 6. SOC -THE mM MICROELECTRONICS APPROACH 119 KATHLEEN MCGRODDY-GOETZ, ROBERT DEVINS, MICHAEL D. HALE, MARK KA UTZMAN, G. DAVID ROBERTS, AND DWIGHT SULLIVAN Contents VI 7. PLATFORM FPGAS 141 PATRICK LYSAGHT 8. SOPC BUILDER: PERFORMANCE BY DESIGN 159 JESSE KEMPA, SHEAC Y LIM, CHRIS ROBINSON, AND JOEL A. SEELY 9. STAR-IP CENTRIC PLATFORMS FOR SOC 187 JAY ALPHEY, CHRIS BAXTER, JON CONNELL, JOHN GOODENOUGH, ANTONY HARRIS, CHRISTOPHER LENNARD, BRUCE MATHEWSON, ANDREW NIGHTINGALE, IAN THORNTON, AND KATH TOPPING 10. REAL-TIME SYSTEM-ON-A-CHIP EMULATION 229 KIMMO KUUSILINNA, CHEN CHANG, HANS-MARTIN BLUETHGEN, W RHETT DA VIS, BRIAN RICHARDS, BORIVOlE NIKOLIC AND ROBERT W BRODERSEN 11. TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES FOR SOC DESIGN 255 JOHN M. COHN Index 297 About the Editors Grant Martin is a Fellow in the Labs of Cadence Design Systems. He joined Cadence in late 1994. Before that, Grant worked for Burroughs in Scotland for 6 years and NortellBNR in Canada for 10 years. He received his Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Mathematics (Combinatorics and Optimisation) from the University of Waterloo, Canada, in 1977 and 1978. Grant is a co-author of the books Surviving the SOC Revolution: A Guide to Platform-Based Design, published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, in November of 1999, and System Design with SystemC, published by Kluwer in May of 2002. He co-chaired the VSI Alliance Embedded Systems study group in the summer of 2001. His particular areas of interest include system-level design, System-on-Chip, Platform-Based design, and embedded software. Dr. Henry Chang received his Sc.B. degree in Electrical Engineering (EE) from Brown University in 1989, his M.S. degree in EE from the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) in 1992, and his Ph.D. in EE on a "Top-Down, Constraint-Driven Design Methodology for Analog Integrated Circuits" from UCB in 1994. As an Architect at Cadence Design Systems, Inc. from 1995-2002 he has worked on various activities related to system-on-a-chip (SoC). These activities include SoC design methodologies, capabilities, tools, flows, and standards looking at the general SoC problem as well as analog & mixed signal IP design issues. He chaired the VSI Alliance Mixed-Signal Development Working Group from 1996-2002 and co-chaired the group Vlll About the Editors until 2003. He is one of the co-authors of the book, Surviving the SOC Revolution: A Guide to Platform-Based Design. Starting in. 2003, he has been a Director in Cadence's Corporate Strategy group developing and driving Cadence's long range business plans. Acknowledgements Grant Martin would like to acknowledge, as always, his wife Margaret Steele, and his daughters Jennifer and Fiona. He would also like to acknowledge the encouragement of his father and mother, John (Ted) and Mary Martin. Henry Chang would like to acknowledge his family -his wife Pora Park, his son Daniel, and his parents Shih-hung & Pan-chin whose help in taking care of Daniel made his contributions to this book possible. Grant and Henry would also like to acknowledge all of the hard work by the contributors of the chapters in this edited volume. Any mistakes found should be regarded as the responsibility of the editors. Preface We are living through a revolution in the design of large complex integrated circuits - the SoC revolution. When they first appeared in the mid-1990's, System-on-Chip (SoC) was arguably just a marketing term. At that point, the semiconductor fabrication process technology had achieved the scales of 350 and 250 nm, allowing the integration of only relatively simple digital systems. But, by the turn of the millennium, with 180, 150 and 130 nm processes available, many design teams were building true SoC devices. These devices are systems in every sense of the word. They incorporate programmable processors (often with at least one RISC and one DSP), embedded memory, function accelerators implemented in digital logic, complex on-chip communications networks (traditional master-slave buses as well as network-on-a-chip), large amounts of embedded software, both hardware-dependent, middleware and applications, and analogue interfaces to the external world. But the design theories, methods and tools for designing, integrating and verifying these complex systems have not kept pace with the advanced semiconductor fabrication processes that allow us to build them. The well known International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) analyses point to an ever-widening gap between what we are capable of building, and what we are capable of designing. Many techniques have been proposed and are being used to close that gap, including design tool automation and integration from RTL to GDSH, integrated testbenches, IP reuse, platform-based design, and, last but not least, system-level design X11 Preface techniques. These techniques grow in importance as the industry moves to the 90, 65, 45 nm process technology nodes, and beyond. Although commercial tool providers, large design companies, and academic researchers are doing a good job of developing the theory and practice of many of these techniques, there remains a considerable lack of pragmatic knowledge among practitioners of the leading design methodologies for SoC design. There have been many interesting presentations about IP reuse and SoC at a number of the well-known conferences, and, some seminal books have given introductions to many aspects of reuse and SoC, but the real-world perspective of leading SoC design teams has been missing. In 1999, at the dawn of the SoC revolution, we published a book entitled, Surviving the SOC Revolution: A Guide to Platform Based Design. At the time, there were few industrial examples of true SoCs. The content we provided came from intense thinking and a research and development project that began in 1997 to develop methodologies for SoC and platform based design. We are now in the middle of that revolution. Many industrial examples do exist. Now the debate centres on what is the best approach for SoC design, but there is now no doubt that SoCs are here to stay. It is now time to win the SoC Revolution. We believe now, in the industry, that there is enough design experience and know-how that we can do so. Therefore, rather than writing the entire book ourselves as we did with Surviving the SOC Revolution, we decided the best approach to this book would be as a collected volume authored by the leading practitioners of SoC design. Readers thus should consider this book to be a sequel to Surviving the SOC Revolution, rather than a second edition of it. The two books complement each other: Surviving the SOC Revolution focuses in detail on all of the issues involved in SoC design, and gives many possible solutions to designing them using the concept of platform-based design. This book, Winning the SoC Revolution: Experiences in Real Design, focuses on know how, experiences, and solutions. It is indeed possible to move on from mere survival, to mastering SoC. This book presents a variety of lessons and examples in SoC design, indicating the key areas and most important design methodologies which are considered essential to successfully developing large complex integrated circuits. In Chapter 1, by Grant Martin, we have a brief history of the SoC revolution and SoC development issues, including changing expectations, new design paradigms and the role of important industry standards