Winning hearts and votes : social services and the Islamist political advantage PDF
Preview Winning hearts and votes : social services and the Islamist political advantage
This content downloaded from 128.97.245.205 on Mon, 23 Sep 2019 14:40:29 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms WINNING HEARTS AND VOTES This content downloaded from 128.97.245.205 on Mon, 23 Sep 2019 14:40:29 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms WINNING HEARTS AND VOTES Social Services and the Islamist Political Advantage Steven Brooke CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS ITHACA AND LONDON This content downloaded from 128.97.245.205 on Mon, 23 Sep 2019 14:40:29 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Copyright © 2019 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. First published 2019 by Cornell University Press Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Brooke, Steven, 1980– author. Title: Winning hearts and votes : social services and the Islamist political advantage / Steven Brooke. Description: Ithaca [New York] : Cornell University Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018026558 (print) | LCCN 2018028970 (ebook) | ISBN 9781501730634 (pdf) | ISBN 9781501730641 (epub/mobi) | ISBN 9781501730627 | ISBN 9781501730627 (cloth ; alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Jamiyat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin (Egypt) | Islam and politics— Egypt. | Faith-based human services—Political aspects—Egypt. | Social service— Political aspects—Egypt. | Egypt—Politics and government—20th century. | Egypt—Politics and government—21st century. Classification: LCC BP10.J383 (ebook) | LCC BP10.J383 B76 2019 (print) | DDC 361.70962—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018026558 Cover illustration: Cartoon from the Islamic Medical Association’s pamphlet series illustrating the importance of punctuality (Dūabtū al-Mauʿid) for medical providers, no date. This content downloaded from 128.97.245.205 on Mon, 23 Sep 2019 14:40:29 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms For Melissa and Calla This content downloaded from 128.97.245.205 on Mon, 23 Sep 2019 14:40:29 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Contents Acknowledgments ix Note on Transliteration xi 1. Social Services and Political Mobilization in Nondemocratic Regimes 1 2. Middle-Class Provision, Reputation, and Electoral Success 21 3. Rebuilding the Brotherhood Brand 35 4. Inside the Islamist Advantage 57 5. The Political Geography of Islamist Social Service Provision 78 6. Electing to Serve 102 7. Mohammed Morsi’s Machine 121 8. The Politics of Social Service Provision 135 Appendix 157 Notes 171 Works Cited 191 Index 209 This content downloaded from 128.97.245.205 on Mon, 23 Sep 2019 14:40:31 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms This content downloaded from 128.97.245.205 on Mon, 23 Sep 2019 14:40:31 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Acknowledgments F amily, friends, and colleagues have supported me in various ways as I researched and wrote this book. My parents, Linda and Tom, fostered in me a sense of intellectual curiosity and provided constant encouragement over the years. My brother Danny and his wife, Liz, ensured my work trips to Boston would be both fun and productive. My in-laws, Ann and Frank Mason, have helped in ways large and small, and I am grateful for their support. My wife, Melissa, has contributed so much. She is such a happy diversion from the matters with which this book is concerned, but without her love, patience, good humor, and sympathy I am sure it could never have been written. Our daughter, Calla, is a joy, and I would like to think that her inquisitiveness and love of adventure have helped focus my work. J ason Brownlee has seen this project develop from its earliest iterations and has unfailingly supported it at each step. His example as a mentor and social scientist is a hard one to follow, but I look forward to trying. Tarek Masoud’s interest in and enthusiasm for this project has been constant, and being able to draw on his expertise and counsel has improved my work in innumerable ways. Bob Leiken died before this book was published, but I like to think that he would have been incredibly excited to read it and find his fingerprints on it. Marc Lynch of the Project on Middle East Political Science has for over a decade encouraged my development as a scholar, and I cannot thank him enough for it. Alaa Nabil was my guide to all things Egypt and is a valued friend. Josh Stacher has always been a welcome source of guidance on matters large and small. The list of people who helped in various ways to produce this book is far too long to mention here, but I’ll try. Thanks to Khalil al-Anani, Holger Albrecht, Lauren Baker, Hala Bayoumi, Dina Bishara, Josh Blank, Nathan Brown, Dave Buckley, Matt Buehler, Melani Cammett, Mary Casey, Janine Clark, Stephanie Dahle, Zachary Elkins, Kim Guiler, Jamal Haidar, Ian Hartshorn, Kamal El- Helbawy, Clement Henry, Amaney Jamal, Trevor Johnston, Kristen Kao, Neil Ketchley, Cortni Kerr, Gabe Koehler-Derrick, Vickie Langohr, Xiaobo Lü, Phoebe Luckyn-Malone, Ellen Lust, Peter Mandaville, Monica Marks, Quinn Mecham, Kate Mertes, Rob Moser, Rich Nielsen, Liz Nugent, Sarah Parkinson, Henry Pascoe, David Patel, Sumita Pahwa, Sarah Pennington, Amanda Rizkallah, Michael Rob- bins, Bernard Rougier, Hesham Sallam, Jillian Schwedler, Jonah Schulhofer-Wohl, Rachel Sternfeld, Tariq Thachil, and Carrie Wickham. Manu Abdo, Khaldoun almousily, Imen Ameur, Grayson Buttler, Esraa Hanafy, Abdellatif El-Husseiny ix This content downloaded from 128.97.245.205 on Mon, 23 Sep 2019 14:40:33 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (JC), and Jess Martin all provided excellent research help over the course of this project. A very special thanks to all those I interviewed, both in Egypt and elsewhere. A number of friends and colleagues graciously and minutely read the entire manuscript at various stages, including Julie Chernov-Hwang, Shadi Hamid, and Aaron Rock-Singer. Dan Corstange has been remarkably generous with his time and insight, and this project is much the better for his involvement. Dan Mc Cormack has probably suffered through more of my work than anyone else, and for that alone he deserves special thanks. A number of institutions provided research and financial support for the project, including the U.S. Institute of Peace, the Project on Middle East Political Science, the Combating Terrorism Center, the Smith Richardson Foundation, the University of Texas at Austin, and the Middle East Initiative at the Harvard Kennedy School. I particularly acknowledge Hilary Rantisi, Julia Martin, Chris Mawhorter, and Krysten Hartman for all the work they did to make my time in Cambridge so productive. Rodger Payne, Jasmine Farrier, and my home depart- ment at the University of Louisville provided a supportive environment to push this project across the finish line. I appreciate the feedback from participants and discussants at conferences, workshops, and talks sponsored by the American Political Science Association, the Middle East Studies Association, the Midwest Political Science Association, the University of Texas–Austin Experimental and Comparative Workshops, the Institute for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research, and the Departments of Political Science at Barnard College, the University of Louisville, and the Uni- versity of Nevada–Reno. An earlier version of this manuscript was presented at the Project on Middle East Political Science Junior Scholars Book Workshop, cosponsored by the Mamdouha S. Bobst Center for Peace and Justice at Prince- ton University, where I received a set of incredibly helpful insights. A big kudos to the team at Cornell University Press, including Roger Haydon, Susan Specter, and Jamie Fuller, for their patience and diligence throughout the production process. This content downloaded from 128.97.245.205 on Mon, 23 Sep 2019 14:40:33 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Note on Transliteration The Arabic in this book is rendered with reference to the transliteration scheme adopted by the I nternational Journal for Middle East Studies (IJMES) . Diacritics (macrons and dots) are used except in personal names, place names, organiza- tions, and titles of books and articles. As per that system, initial h amzas (ʾ) have been dropped, but medial and final hamza s (ʾ) and the letter ‘ayn (ʿ) have always been rendered. Words that appear in Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (e.g., shaykh) as well as those exceptions identified by IJMES (e.g., Quʿran) are rendered as they appear in those two sources. When living individuals have a pre- ferred Anglicized spelling for their own names, I use that rather than a standard transliteration. There is a small concession to the above general rules for the peculiarities of the Egyptian dialect. Egypt-specific names of individuals and geographic places are transliterated with a “g,” representing the Egyptian pronunciation of the Arabic letter j īm. So Gamal ʿAbd al-Nasir rather than Jamal ʿAbd al-Nasir, Rod al-Farag rather than Rod al-Faraj. Official names of organizations and gen- eral concepts, however, are rendered traditionally with a “j,” hence al-Jamʿiyya al-Sharʿiyya, or Dhū al-Ḥijja. xi This content downloaded from 128.97.245.205 on Mon, 23 Sep 2019 14:40:35 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
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