Table Of Content

Troubleshoot and Inside OUT Optimize Windows 8 W i Conquer system tuning, repair, and For Intermediate and n problem solving—from the inside out! Advanced Users d o You’re beyond the basics, so dive right into optimizing Windows 8 w —and really put your PC or tablet to work! This supremely Inside OUT About the Author s organized reference packs hundreds of timesaving solutions, troubleshooting tips, and workarounds. It’s all muscle and no fluff. Mike Halsey is a Microsoft S MVP for Windows Expert- Discover how the experts keep their Windows 8 systems running Consumer and the author of e smoothly—and challenge yourself to new levels of mastery. many Windows books includ- r ing Troubleshooting Windows 7 Inside v • Out. He is also an editor for technology Take control of Windows 8 maintenance and security features e websites and has extensive experience • Apply best practices to prevent problems before they occur providing IT support to both new and r • advanced computer users. The ultimate, in-depth reference Help combat viruses, malware, and identity theft with 2 expert advice 0 Hundreds of timesaving solutions • Master quick fixes to the most common issues 1 Supremely organized, packed • Extend the life of your hardware with clean-ups and repairs 2 with expert advice • Diagnose and repair more-complex problems with step-by-step Companion eBook guidance • Back up your system and data, and prepare a disaster recovery plan Inside Windows OUT Server 2012 Stanek microsoft.com/mspress ® ISBN: 978-0-7356-7080-8 U.S.A. $49.99 Canada $51.99 [Recommended] Operating Systems/ WIndows William R. Stanek Award-winning author and Windows administration expert PUBLISHED BY Microsoft Press A Division of Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, Washington 98052-6399 Copyright © 2013 by William R. Stanek All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number: 2012955900 ISBN: 978-0-7356-6631-3 Printed and bound in the United States of America. First Printing Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. If you need support related to this book, email Microsoft Press Book Support at [email protected]. Please tell us what you think of this book at http://www.microsoft.com/learning/booksurvey. Microsoft and the trademarks listed at http://www.microsoft.com/about/legal/en/us/IntellectualProperty/ Trademarks/EN-US.aspx are trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies. All other marks are property of their respective owners. The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, email addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, email address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred. This book expresses the author’s views and opinions. The information contained in this book is provided without any express, statutory, or implied warranties. Neither the authors, Microsoft Corporation, nor its resellers, or distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused either directly or indirectly by this book. Acquisitions Editor: Anne Hamilton Developmental Editor: Karen Szall Project Editor: Karen Szall Editorial Production: Waypoint Press Technical Reviewer: Mitch Tulloch; Technical Review services provided by Content Master, a member of CM Group, Ltd. Copyeditor: Roger LeBlanc Indexer: Christina Yeager Cover: Microsoft Press Brand Team To my readers—Windows Server 2012 Inside Out is my 40th book for Microsoft Press. Thank you for being there with me through many books and many years. To my wife—for many years, through many books, many millions of words, and many thousands of pages she's been there, providing support and encouragement and making every place we've lived a home. To my kids—for helping me see the world in new ways, for having exceptional patience and boundless love, and for making every day an adventure. To Anne, Karen, Martin, Lucinda, Juliana, and many others who’ve helped out in ways both large and small. —William R. Stanek Contents at a Glance Part 1: Windows Server 2012 Part 3 Managing Windows Server Overview 2012 Storage and File Systems Chapter 1 Chapter 12 Introducing Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Storage management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Chapter 2 Chapter 13 Deploying Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . 61 TPM and BitLocker Drive Encryption . . . . . . . 569 Chapter 3 Chapter 14 Boot configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Managing file systems and storage . . . . . . . . 621 Chapter 15 Part 2: Managing Windows Server File sharing and security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715 2012 Systems Chapter 16 Chapter 4 Managing file screening and storage Managing Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . 137 reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797 Chapter 5 Chapter 17 Windows Server 2012 MMC Backup and recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821 administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Chapter 6 Part 4: Managing Windows Server Configuring roles, role services, and 2012 Networking and features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Domain Services Chapter 7 Chapter 18 Managing and troubleshooting Networking with TCP/IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Chapter 19 Chapter 8 Managing TCP/IP networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 Managing the registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Chapter 20 Chapter 9 Managing DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941 Software and User Account Control Chapter 21 administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 Architecting DNS infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . 1017 Chapter 10 Chapter 22 Performance monitoring and tuning . . . . . . . 369 Implementing and managing DNS . . . . . . . . 1047 Chapter 11 Chapter 23 Comprehensive performance analysis Implementing and maintaining WINS . . . . . 1113 and logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 v vi Contents at a Glance Part 5: Managing Active Directory Chapter 28 and Security Implementing Active Directory Domain Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271 Chapter 24 Active Directory architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . .1135 Chapter 29 Deploying read-only domain controllers . . 1315 Chapter 25 Designing and managing the domain Chapter 30 environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1161 Managing users, groups, and computers . . 1345 Chapter 26 Chapter 31 Organizing Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1215 Managing Group Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1387 Chapter 27 Chapter 32 Configuring Active Directory sites and Active Directory site administration . . . . . . . 1443 replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233 Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii Conventions .................................................................xxviii How to reach the author .......................................................xxix Errata & book support .........................................................xxix We want to hear from you......................................................xxix Stay in touch..................................................................xxix Part 1: Windows Server 2012 Overview Chapter 1: Introducing Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Getting to know Windows Server 2012..............................................4 Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012...............................................8 Planning for Windows Server 2012................................................ 10 Your plan: The big picture.................................................. 10 Identifying your organizational teams ....................................... 12 Assessing project goals .................................................... 14 Analyzing the existing network ............................................. 18 Defining objectives and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Defining the new network environment...................................... 31 Final considerations for planning and deployment ............................ 35 Thinking about server roles and Active Directory................................... 36 Planning for server usage .................................................. 37 Designing the Active Directory namespace................................... 40 Managing domain trusts................................................... 41 Identifying the domain and forest functional level ............................ 41 Defining Active Directory server roles ....................................... 43 What do you think of this book? We want to hear from you! Microsoft is interested in hearing your feedback so we can continually improve our books and learning resources for you. To participate in a brief online survey, please visit: microsoft .com/learning/booksurvey vii viii Table of Contents Planning for availability, scalability, and manageability.............................. 45 Planning for software needs................................................ 45 Planning for hardware needs ............................................... 47 Chapter 2: Deploying Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Getting a quick start ............................................................ 61 Product licensing............................................................... 63 Preparing for a Windows Server 2012 installation................................... 64 Understanding installation options.......................................... 64 Determining which installation type to use................................... 66 Using Windows Update.................................................... 67 Preinstallation tasks ....................................................... 69 Installing Windows Server 2012 .................................................. 70 Installation on BIOS-based systems.......................................... 71 Installation on EFI-based systems ........................................... 72 Planning partitions........................................................ 72 Naming computers.........................................................74 Network and domain membership options................................... 75 Performing a clean installation.............................................. 77 Performing an upgrade installation.......................................... 82 Activation sequence....................................................... 82 Performing additional administration tasks during installations ...................... 85 Accessing a command prompt during installation............................. 85 Forcing disk-partition removal during installation............................. 89 Loading mass storage drivers during installation.............................. 89 Creating, deleting, and extending disk partitions during installation............. 90 Troubleshooting installation ..................................................... 91 Start with the potential points of failure...................................... 92 Continue past lockups and freezes .......................................... 93 Postinstallation tasks............................................................ 96 Chapter 3: Boot configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Boot from hardware and firmware............................................... 101 Hardware and firmware power states....................................... 102 Diagnosing hardware and firmware startup problems ........................ 103 Resolving hardware and firmware startup problems.......................... 107 Boot environment essentials .................................................... 109 Managing startup and boot configuration........................................ 111 Managing startup and recovery options .................................... 111 Managing System Boot Configuration ...................................... 113 Working with BCD Editor.................................................. 117 Table of Contents ix Managing the Boot Configuration Data store and its entries ........................ 119 Viewing BCD entries...................................................... 119 Creating and identifying the BCD data store................................. 122 Importing and exporting the BCD data store ................................ 123 Creating, copying, and deleting BCD entries................................. 123 Setting BCD entry values.................................................. 125 Changing Data Execution Prevention and physical address extension options ........................................................ 131 Changing the operating system display order................................ 132 Changing the default operating system entry................................ 133 Changing the default timeout ............................................. 133 Changing the boot sequence temporarily................................... 134 Part 2: Managing Windows Server 2012 Systems Chapter 4: Managing Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Working with the administration tools ........................................... 137 Using Control Panel utilities ............................................... 140 Using graphical administrative tools........................................ 141 Using command-line utilities .............................................. 145 Working with Server Manager................................................... 150 Getting to know Server Manager........................................... 150 Adding servers for management........................................... 155 Creating server groups.................................................... 156 Enabling remote management............................................. 157 Working with Computer Management ........................................... 160 Computer Management system tools....................................... 160 Computer Management storage tools ...................................... 161 Computer Management Services And Applications tools...................... 162 Using Control Panel............................................................ 162 Using the Folder Options utility............................................ 163 Using the System console....................................................... 165 Customizing the desktop and the taskbar ........................................ 168 Configuring desktop items ................................................ 168 Configuring the taskbar................................................... 169 Optimizing toolbars............................................................ 175 Displaying custom toolbars................................................ 175 Creating personal toolbars ................................................ 176 Using Remote Desktop......................................................... 176 Remote Desktop essentials................................................ 176 Configuring Remote Desktop.............................................. 178 Supporting Remote Desktop Connection clients ............................. 182 Tracking who’s logged on ...................................................... 189 x Table of Contents Chapter 5: Windows Server 2012 MMC administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Using the MMC ............................................................... 191 MMC snap-ins........................................................... 192 MMC modes............................................................. 194 MMC window and startup................................................. 196 MMC tool availability..................................................... 198 MMC and remote computers.............................................. 201 Building custom MMCs......................................................... 203 Step 1: Creating the console............................................... 203 Step 2: Adding snap-ins to the console ..................................... 205 Step 3: Saving the finished console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Designing custom taskpads for the MMC......................................... 215 Getting started with taskpads ............................................. 215 Understanding taskpad view styles......................................... 216 Creating and managing taskpads .......................................... 218 Creating and managing tasks.............................................. 221 Publishing and distributing your custom tools..................................... 227 Chapter 6: Configuring roles, role services, and features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Using roles, role services, and features ........................................... 230 Making supplemental components available...................................... 236 Installing components with Server Manager ...................................... 237 Viewing configured roles and role services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Managing server roles and features ........................................ 238 Managing server binaries ................................................. 245 Installing components at the prompt ............................................ 250 Going to the prompt for Server Management ............................... 250 Understanding component names ......................................... 251 Tracking installed roles, role services, and features................................. 256 Installing components at the prompt....................................... 257 Removing components at the prompt ...................................... 260 Chapter 7: Managing and troubleshooting hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Understanding hardware installation changes..................................... 263 Choosing internal devices................................................. 263 Choosing external devices................................................. 266 Installing devices .............................................................. 269 Understanding device installation.......................................... 269 Installing new devices .................................................... 273 Viewing device and driver details .......................................... 277 Working with device drivers .................................................... 280 Device driver essentials ................................................... 280 Understanding and troubleshooting driver signing........................... 281