Windows Server® 2008 R2 Hyper-V™: Insiders Guide to Microsoft's Hypervisor

396 Pages·2010·9.692 MB·English

by  John Kelbley, Mike Sterling(auth.)

Windows
Server® 2008
R2 Hyper-V
™
Insiders Guide to
Microsoft’s Hypervisor
John Kelbley
Mike Sterling
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Copyright © 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
ISBN: 978-0-470-62700-6
ISBN 978-0-470-88033-3 (ebk)
ISBN 978-0-470-88035-7 (ebk)
ISBN 978-0-470-88034-0 (ebk)
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Acknowledgments
Writing a book about a new technology is a complex task, and like most such labors, it has been
a team effort. As the front cover notes, this book has (at least) two authors, with contributions
from many others. Sincere thanks go out to everyone involved and their families (who suffered
much like mine!). Dividing the book into separate sections allowed us to, we hope, produce a
better book more quickly than either of us could have on our own. Writing a book sounds like
a great idea before you start (and it is), but it takes far longer to complete and requires a great
deal more effort than I ever would have imagined. My wife, Sylvia, and my sons, Andrew and
Alexander, have been more than patient with me the last few years while I put off other commit-
ments and borrowed computer capacity from the infrastructure at home.
Many co-workers and friends helped out (including many members of the Virtualization
Nation), but I am most grateful for the feedback from the technical titans who were willing to
read, critique, or contribute to my chapters (Manjnath Ajjampur, Jason Buffington, Arno Mihm,
Alexander Lash, James O’Neill, Ben Herman, Alex Kibkalo, Matt Lavallee, and a guy named
Bob). The dialogues with James and Ben in particular on the scripting chapters were great for
the book (and for me), with my regret being that we didn’t write an entire book about Hyper-V
scripting. There just isn’t enough space in two chapters for all the suggestions from James, Ben,
and Alex.
Thanks to the patient, professional editors for the first and second editions (Agatha Kim,
Stef Jones, and Liz Britten), as well as others at Wiley who turned our ideas, sentences, and
cocktail-napkin class diagrams into things more intelligible. The editorial process is still
largely a mystery to me—a testament to the quality of their work!
—John Kelbley
When I sat down with John for dinner in Houston, I had no idea what I was getting myself into.
“Hey Mike, want to help me write a book?” After a couple glasses of wine, he had convinced me
that writing a book was a great idea. Now that the book is complete, I can heartily agree.
Having worked with virtualization since the beginnings of Virtual PC for the Macintosh,
I’ve seen huge advancements made with the usage of virtualization. No longer is it just a fun
tool for your friends on your Mac—we’ve moved on to server virtualization and even more
wide-scale adoption of what was previously a niche technology. This book is a way for me to
try to get some of the information that has sat in my head for the last 13 years onto paper.
No acknowledgments section would be complete without a list of people I need to thank.
First and foremost, I need to thank my wife, Nancy, and my son, Maxwell—the reasons why
I had enough time to write my portions of the book. Thank you for supporting me through the
late nights that were necessary to get this done. My co-author, John, was immensely helpful in
making sure we covered everything. Our technical reviewers, Manjnath and James, did a great
job of keeping us honest. My team members, off whom I bounced countless ideas and who veri-
fied many of my thoughts, deserve many of my thanks. Last, I need to thank the editorial staff—
Agatha, Stef, and Liz—who have done an exceptional job of taking our words and crafting them
into something that people want to read.
—Mike Sterling
About the Authors
John Kelbley is a senior technical product manager with Microsoft’s Platform Tech Strategy
team based in the Northeastern United States. He joined Microsoft in 2002 after working at a
number of large enterprises as a management consultant, IT manager, and infrastructure archi-
tect. John has more than 20 years of computing industry experience with a focus on infrastruc-
ture architecture. This is the first book he has authored since leaving grade school.
Mike Sterling is a program manager in the Windows Server team at Microsoft, focused exclusively
on virtualization. Prior to this role, Mike spent 10 years in software testing, working on products
such as Virtual PC, Virtual Server, and Hyper-V. When he’s not working, he can be found playing
World of Warcraft or taking photographs.
Contents at a Glance
Introduction .........................................................................xix
Chapter 1(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)Introducing Hyper-V.............................................1
Chapter 2(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)Installing Hyper-V and Server Core............................... 17
Chapter 3(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)Configuring Hyper-V ........................................... 35
Chapter 4(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)Virtualization Best Practices......................................63
Chapter 5(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)Hyper-V Security ............................................... 79
Chapter 6(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)Virtual Machine Migration....................................... 95
Chapter 7(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)Backing Up and Recovering VMs ................................ 127
Chapter 8(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)High Availability .............................................. 159
Chapter 9(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)Understanding WMI, Scripting, andHyper-V ..................... 187
Chapter 10(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)Automating Tasks.............................................225
Chapter 11(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)Using System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 .............. 269
Chapter 12(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)Protecting Virtualized Environments with System Center Data
Protection Manager ...........................................305
Chapter 13(cid:0)(cid:115)(cid:0)Using System Center Operations Manager 2007................... 339
Index..............................................................................359
Contents
Introduction.........................................................................xix
Chapter 1(cid:21) (cid:153)(cid:21) Introducing Hyper-V......................................1
Scenarios for Hyper-V........................................................1
Server Consolidation ......................................................1
Testing and Development..................................................2
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery ..................................2
Dynamic IT ..............................................................3
Architecture of Hyper-V......................................................3
Parent Partition...........................................................4
Virtual Machine ..........................................................7
Features of Hyper-V......................................................... 11
General Features......................................................... 11
New Features in Windows Server 2008 R2................................... 13
Hardware and Software Requirements for Hyper-V............................. 13
Hardware Requirements and Best Practices ................................. 13
Software Requirements................................................... 15
Summary.................................................................. 16
Chapter 2(cid:21) (cid:153)(cid:21) Installing Hyper-V and Server Core.........................17
Performing a Clean Installation of Hyper-V.................................... 17
Meeting the Installation Requirements...................................... 18
Installing the Hyper-V Role ............................................... 19
Adding the Hyper-V Role................................................. 20
Updating from the Beta Version to theFinalVersionofHyper-V..................22
Performing the Pre-update Configuration...................................22
Performing the Post-update Configuration ..................................23
Upgrading Hyper-V from Windows Server 2008 toWindowsServer 2008 R2.......23
Installing Windows Server Core.............................................. 24
Exploring the Windows Server Core Architecture............................ 24
Managing Windows Server Core........................................... 26
Installing Windows Server 2008 as a Core Installation........................... 27
Installation Considerations and Requirements............................... 27
Performing a Core Installation............................................. 27
Doing the Initial Configuration............................................ 28
Installing Hyper-V Under Windows Server 2008 Server Core ..................30
New in Windows Server 2008 R2: Introducing sconfig ........................ 32
Summary..................................................................33
|
XII CONTENTS
Chapter 3(cid:21) (cid:153)(cid:21) Configuring Hyper-V.....................................35
Getting Started: The Hyper-V MMC........................................... 35
Creating a New Virtual Machine ............................................. 37
Virtual Machine Settings ....................................................42
Hardware...............................................................42
Virtual Machine Management............................................. 51
New Virtual Hard Disk Wizard .............................................. 55
Exploring Types of Virtual Hard Disks ..................................... 55
Using the Wizard to Create Virtual Hard Disks.............................. 57
Virtual Network Manager ................................................... 58
Hyper-V Settings ........................................................... 59
Summary.................................................................. 61
Chapter 4(cid:21) (cid:153)(cid:21) Virtualization Best Practices..............................63
Host Best Practices..........................................................63
Choosing a Processor.....................................................63
How Much Memory Is Enough? ...........................................68
Storage: How Many Drives Do I Need? ..................................... 69
Networking............................................................. 70
Host Operating System Best Practices....................................... 74
Virtual Machine Best Practices ............................................... 75
Integration Services: Guest Drivers......................................... 76
Sysprep: Creating a Master Base Image .....................................77
Offline Patching ......................................................... 78
Summary.................................................................. 78
Chapter 5(cid:21) (cid:153)(cid:21) Hyper-V Security........................................79
The Hyper-V Security Model................................................. 79
Hypervisor Security......................................................80
Virtualization Stack Security .............................................. 81
The Virtual Machine Access Security Model ................................... 81
Working with the Authorization Manager ..................................... 82
Understanding the Terminology........................................... 82
Using the Authorization Manager for Hyper-V Security....................... 82
Using Alternative Tools................................................... 94
Storing the AzMan Store in Active Directory ................................ 94
Summary.................................................................. 94
Chapter 6(cid:21) (cid:153)(cid:21) Virtual Machine Migration ...............................95
Migration Challenges and Drivers ............................................ 95
Physical to Virtual (P2V) Migration......................................... 97
Virtual to Virtual (V2V) Migration ......................................... 97
Virtual to Physical (V2P).................................................. 98
Migration Considerations.................................................... 98
|
CONTENTS XIII
Capturing the Configuration.................................................99
Creating a Manual Inventory..............................................99
Using the MAP Toolkit .................................................. 100
Preparing a System for Migration............................................ 104
Capturing and Deploying Disk Images....................................... 104
Manual Migration with Image-Capture Tools............................... 104
Using Traditional Backup and Recovery Tools: SCVMM
andWindowsHomeServer............................................. 105
Common Dedicated P2V Tools............................................ 106
Updating Images .......................................................... 107
Walking through a Physical-to-Virtual Migration.............................. 108
Traditional Imaging: Collecting and Creating Your Imaging Toolkit........... 108
Easy Image Capture: Disk2VHD.......................................... 116
Firing Up: Performing System Updates .................................... 117
Exporting and Importing in Hyper-V ........................................ 120
Exporting a Virtual Machine Locally...................................... 120
Exporting Over the Network ............................................. 121
Importing a Virtual Machine............................................. 123
Summary................................................................. 125
Chapter 7(cid:21) (cid:153)(cid:21) Backing Up and Recovering VMs..........................127
Virtual Machine Backup Considerations...................................... 127
Using the Volume Shadow Copy Services .................................. 128
Using VSS Backups and Saving State ...................................... 130
Hyper-V Snapshots Are Not Backups! ..................................... 132
Host-Based Backup Approaches............................................. 133
Export/Import.......................................................... 133
Physical to Virtual Conversion............................................ 134
Manual VHD Backup and Recovery....................................... 134
Windows Server Backup................................................. 135
Enterprise Backup Tools and Solutions..................................... 135
Agent Multiplexing...................................................... 135
Backup Encapsulation Benefits............................................ 135
Beware of Bloat in Host Backups.......................................... 136
Child Backup: Backing Up from Within ...................................... 137
VM Backup Driven by Storage ............................................ 137
VM Backup Driven by Applications ....................................... 138
Cluster-Shared Volumes and Backup ...................................... 138
Manually Backing Up and Recovering a Virtual Machine....................... 138
Performing a Windows Server Backup..................................... 138
Performing a Manual Backup............................................. 149
Summary................................................................. 158
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XIV CONTENTS
Chapter 8(cid:21) (cid:153)(cid:21) High Availability.......................................159
Windows Server 2008 Failover Clustering..................................... 159
Failover Clustering Basics................................................ 161
Quick Migration vs. Live Migration ....................................... 163
Configuring a Cluster ................................................... 163
Protecting the VM vs. Protecting the Application............................ 163
Required Components for Failover Clustering .............................. 164
Storage Considerations for Clustering........................................ 167
Using Pass-Through Disk to Improve Performance.......................... 167
Clustering with GUIDs and Mount Points.................................. 168
Configuring Multiple VMs on a Single Physical Volume...................... 168
Clustered Shared Volumes in R2.......................................... 169
Backup and Recovery of a VM’s Host CSV.................................. 169
Building a Failover Cluster for Hyper-V ...................................... 170
Setting Up a Failover Cluster ............................................. 171
Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 and Server Core................................... 181
Configuring iSCSI from the Command Line................................ 183
Clustered Virtual Machine Management...................................... 185
Summary................................................................. 186
Chapter 9(cid:21) (cid:153)(cid:21) Understanding WMI, Scripting, andHyper-V ...............187
Common Management Tasks................................................ 187
WMI Overview............................................................ 189
Accessing WMI............................................................ 191
WMI Security .......................................................... 192
Accessing the Virtualization Namespace................................... 192
WMI Scripting Tools and Resources ....................................... 192
Browsing the Virtualization Namespace ................................... 192
Scripting Technology Overview ............................................. 195
Visual Basic Script....................................................... 196
JScript................................................................. 196
Perl, Python, and Others................................................. 196
Command-Line Tools.................................................... 197
Windows PowerShell.................................................... 197
PowerShell for Newcomers.................................................. 198
PowerShell Installation and Setup......................................... 198
Finding Your Way Around PowerShell..................................... 201
Making Things Work in PowerShell....................................... 203
Common Elements of WMI Scripts........................................... 213
WMI and VBScript...................................................... 213
WMI and PowerShell.................................................... 215
Virtualization Classes...................................................... 216
Useful WMI Virtualization Classes to Know................................ 216
The Msvm_ComputerSystem Class....................................... 219
Summary.................................................................223